Psych Final Ch. 7 & 16 Quizzes

The REASON a person is being paid $1 to lie changes her or his attitude more than the person who is being paid $50 to lie is that _____. A. doing what the experimenter wants should be reward enough without getting money B. simply arguing against an attitude would not cause a change in that attitude C. $1 was insufficient justification for arguing against a cause D. $50 was overcompensation for arguing against a cause

$1 was insufficient justification for arguing against a cause

In sensory memory, the approximate duration of a visual image is about _____, and the approximate duration of auditory echoic memory is up to _____. A. several seconds; 1/4 second B. 1/2 minute; 4 minutes C. 1 second; 1 minute D. 1/2 second; 4 seconds

1/2 second; 4 seconds

Less than _____ percent of the public thought they would shock a learner beyond 300 volts; in reality, _____ percent of the actual participants did so. A. 5; 50 B. 25; 65 C. 50; 5 D. 65; 25

25; 65

Of the three memory stages, _____ has the greatest capacity and the longest duration. A. sensory memory B. long-term memory C. working memory D. short-term memory

LTM

This memory stage stores an almost limitless amount of information for a nearly permanent length of time. A. short-term memory B. long-term memory C. Central executive D. Working memory

LTM

This is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. A. Simon wrote a song, but just couldn't recall the words at the moment. B. Peter experienced a sour sensation when he licked his lollipop. C. Paul said "ooks" instead of "oops". D. Art said "white" instead of "black".

Simon wrote a song but just couldn't recall the words at the moment

Your vivid memory of what you were doing when you learned about the attack on the World Trade Center is an example of _____. A. a flashbulb memory B. latent learning C. long-term potentiation D. the encoding specificity principle

a flashbulb memory

James uses the _____ mnemonic device for remembering that the names of the Great Lakes start with the letters in HOMES. A. word association B. peg word C. acronym D. method of loci

acronym

Loss of memory as a result of brain injury or trauma is called _____. A. amnesia B. Alzheimer's disease C. retrieval failure D. morbid forgetting

amnesia

Prejudice is _____; discrimination is _____. A. a behavior; a belief B. innate; learned C. unethical; illegal D. an attitude; a behavior

an attitude; a behavior

When a natural disaster strikes, members of a community who previously distrusted or fought with each other often work together to deal with the aftermath. Once the emergency is over, there is usually a decrease in prejudice as a result of _____. A. increased contact and cooperation brought on by the common goal B. the friendly competition fostered by the emergency team leaders C. sharing the near-death experience D. the scarcity of resources and abundance of problems

an increased contact and cooperation brought on by the common goal

A strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship is called _____. A. companionate love B. intimate love C. passionate love D. all of these options

companionate love

This explains why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when he or she first said it. A. Echoic memory B. Iconic memory C. working memory D. Phonosonic memory

echoic memory

This is an encoding technique linking new information to previously stored material in LTM. A. Hierarchical encoding B. Maintenance rehearsal C. Shallow processing D. Elaborative rehearsal

elaborative rehearsal

This is an encoding technique linking new information to previously stored material in LTM. A. Shallow processing B. Hierarchical encoding C. Elaborative rehearsal D. Maintenance rehearsal

elaborative rehearsal

The three steps in memory processing are _____. A. encoding, storage, retrieval B. translations, maintenance, transmittal C. dictation, capturing, regurgitation D. encrypting, sensory retention, neural processing

encoding, storage, retrieval

The two major systems of long-term memory are _____. A. implicit and nondeclarative B. explicit and declarative C. semantic and procedural D. explicit and implicit

explicit and implicit

The mere exposure effect increases liking because _____. A. it increases proximity B. familiar objects and people are less threatening than novel ones C. it promotes similarity of beliefs D. all of these options

familiar objects and people are less threatening than novel ones

Romantic love lasts _____. A. forever, for a lucky few B. for less than 6 weeks for most couples C. for 6-30 months in many cases D. all of these options

for 6-30 months in many cases

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to _____ after an injury. A. form new memories B. recall old memories C. remember where you live D. recall your grade point average

form new memories

Nanette highlights the margin-definition of terms in her psychology textbook; Nathan thinks about how each term applies to his own life or to other concepts in the chapter. Nathan is more likely to recall and use the terms better on an essay exam because _____. A. he used dual-coding and Nanette did not B. he used maintenance rehearsal and Nanette did not C. he processed the terms at a deeper level than did Nanette D. he obviously isn't interested in psychology

he processed the terms at a deeper level than Nanette did

Just as chunking is a form of STM organization, _____ is (are) a form of LTM organization. A. rehearsal B. massed practice C. hierarchies D. parallel processing

hierarchies

According to Latane and Darley, in which of the following situations are you MOST likely to get help from bystanders? A. On a bus with several strangers B. In a busy campus restroom C. In a room with one other person D. On a well-traveled freeway

in a room with one other person

_____ theory suggests that we forget things because other information is blocking its storage or retrieval. A. Recall B. Interference C. Decay D. Blockage

interference

The degree of positive feelings you have toward others is called _____. A. affective connections B. interpersonal attitudes C. affective relations D. interpersonal attraction

interpersonal attraction

Studying information even after you think you already know it _____. A. is an effective strategy called overlearning B. creates retroactive interference C. is a waste of time D. is a mnemonic device

is an effective strategy called overlearning

According to Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve, forgetting _____. A. is initially rapid, then slows B. is initially slow, then speeds C. occurs rapidly in children and older adults, but slower in young adults D. occurs at a steady rate over time

is initially rapid then slows

Cramming is another term for _____, which is an inefficient form of studying. A. buddy studying B. serial studying C. massed practice D. priming

massed practice

An assailant entered a classroom and attacked the professor during class! Of course, it was staged for a learning experience so the professor said, "What did he look like? I only noticed he was really tall", even though he was actually rather short. When questioned by the police, most students described the assailant as being really tall; this is known as the _______. A. the double bind B. misinformation effect C. sleeper effect D. source amnesia

misinformation effect

In the classic Asch study of conformity, _____ of the subjects conformed and agreed with obviously incorrect choices made by other group members. A. about one-quarter B. less than 10 percent C. more than one-third D. more than 50 percent

more than one third

When someone has a need for approval and acceptance by a group, they often conform to the norms set by that group. This is called _____ social influence. A. ingroup B. desirable C. normative D. informational

normative

______ is (are) important if one wants to learn and remember a great deal of information. A. Organization and association B. Perception C. Maintenance rehearsal D. Attention

organization and association

Which of the following principles of social psychology may have made it easier for American soldiers to kill Vietnamese civilians in the 1970s? A. Ingroup favoritism B. Homeostatic similarity C. Reciprocal dislike D. Outgroup homogeneity

outgroup homogeneity

Although repression, as a defense mechanism, is highly accepted as possible in psychology, the concept of repressed memories of _____, and their storage in the unconscious mind, is highly questioned. A. painful experiences B. episodic memories C. flashbulb memories D. procedural memories

painful experiences

_____ is a learned, generally negative, attitude toward members of a group. A. Cognitive biasing B. Prejudice C. Discrimination D. Stereotyping

prejudice

Prior exposure to a stimulus that facilitates or inhibits the processing of new information even when there is no conscious memory of the exposure is called _____. A. priming B. unconscious coding C. declarative memory D. primary processing

priming

Sometimes people conform because they like and admire a group, and want to be like them. This is the _____ explanation for conformity. A. foot-in-the-door B. need for approval C. reference group D. reciprocity of liking

reference group

In answering this question, the correct multiple-choice option may serve as a _____ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory. A. flashbulb stimulus B. retrieval cue C. priming pump D. specificity code

retrieval cue

Someone asks you to name the twenty-second president of the United States, but you can't remember. To aid your memory, the person then tells you that the president's name is the same as that of a large city on Lake Erie. Upon hearing the hint, you instantly realize that Grover Cleveland is the answer. In this situation, the hint acted as a(n) ______. A. cross code B. structural cue C. elaborative rehearsal cue D. retrieval cue

retrieval cue

_____ theory suggests that forgetting is due to a momentary inability to recall permanently stored information due to interference, faulty cues, or emotional states. A. Retroactive forgetting B. Retrieval failure C. Selective forgetting D. Decay

retrieval failure

You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of _____ interference. A. semantic B. retroactive C. proactive D. episodic

retroactive

Kelsey suffers from _____ amnesia because he cannot remember the events that led up to the motorcycle accident that injured his brain. A. proactive B. anterograde C. retroactive D. retrograde

retrograde

Loss of memory for events before an injury is called _____ amnesia. A. anterograde B. retroactive C. Alzheimer's D. retrograde

retrograde

Loss of memory for events before an injury is called _____ amnesia. A. retrograde B. Alzheimer's C. anterograde D. retroactive

retrograde

A set of behavioral patterns connected with particular social positions is called a _____. A. Role B. Stigma C. Persona D. Schema

role

The three storage systems included in the three-stage memory model are _____. A. semantic, episodic, and long-term B. sensory, short-term, and long-term C. sensory, perceptual, and factual D. conscious, unconscious, and preconscious

sensory STM LTM

In the three-stage memory model, which of the following is the CORRECT memory pathway? A. Sensory memory - perceptual memory - working memory B. Sensory memory - STM - LTM - perceptual memory C. STM - LTM - perceptual memory D. Sensory memory - STM - LTM

sensory memory STM LTM

Maintenance rehearsal allows us to keep information in _____ memory longer than the typical 30 seconds. A. short-term B. long-term C. permanent D. sensory

short term

The memory system that stores sensory information while it "decides" whether to send it on to LTM is called _____ memory in the traditional memory model. A. long-term B. sensory C. short-term D. higher-order

short term

The study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions is called _____. A. social science B. sociology C. social psychology D. sociobehavioral psychology

social psychology

If you learn something while under the influence of caffeine, you recall it better when you are using caffeine again; this is known as ______. A. context-dependent memory B. trait-dependent memory C. mood-congruent memory D. state-dependent memory

state-dependent memory

A set of beliefs about the characteristics of people in a group that is generalized to all group members is called a _____. A. cognitive bias B. stereotype C. cognitive resonance D. negative schema

stereotype

According to your text, facial and body ____ appear to be key elements in attractiveness. A. symmetry B. congruence C. proportions D. slimness

symmetry

This is an example of episodic memory. A. Freud is considered the father of psychology. B. The event leading up to your high school graduation C. The name of the third Super Bowl winning team D. The name of the 16th president of the U.S.

the event leading up to your high school graduation

The two major attribution mistakes people make are _____. A. the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias B. stereotypes and biases C. situational attributions and dispositional attributions D. the actor bias and the observer bias

the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias

To remember the pathway for vision you imagine yourself walking into your house, noting the cornea peephole in the front door, the entryway fishbowl full of aqueous humor, and a pupil seated in your living room handing you a lens as you enter the dining room where glasses filled with vitreous humor rest on a retinal tablecloth with pictures of rods and cones. This is an example of _____. A. a psychotic breakdown B. using peg words C. using acronyms D. the method of loci

the method of loci

A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing something, but being temporarily unable to retrieve, it is called _____. A. reintegration B. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon C. state-dependent forgetting D. regressed repression

the tip of the tongue phenomenon

Why do your teachers want you to distribute your study time evenly across the semester, rather than cram your learning into a few long, unbroken intervals just before exam days? A. They want you to be a nerd. B. They know people learn better when using distributed rather than massed practice. C. They are capitalizing on the sleeper effect. D. They know people learn better when using massed practice rather than distributive practice.

they know people learn better when using distributed rather than massed practice

The leading cause of neurological disorders (including memory loss) among Americans between the ages of 15 and 25 is ________. A. dementia B. drug and alcohol use C. traumatic brain injury D. both b and c

traumatic brain injury

A flashbulb memory is one in which _____. A. vivid images of procedural memories B. vivid images are associated with everyday events C. you were blinded by someone's flashbulb and had to rely on other sensory information to form a memory vivid images of semantic memories D. vivid images are associated with a surprising or strongly emotional event

vivid images are associated with a surprising or strongly emotional event