PSYCH Final
During an interview, Dan is asked the following question: "Tell me about a time when you had a teammate not doing his/her fair share of the work. What did you do and what was the result?" Questions like this are called ____ questions and are typically found in____interviews because all interviewees receive the same question.
BDI and structured
A culture that values the group more than the individual is known as
Collectivist
John prefers to work alone and to make his own decisions at work, while Jennifer prefers to consult her work prior to making any decisions. Jennifer would likely fit best in which type of culture?
Collectivist
Criterion-related validity design in which there is no time lag between gathering the test scores and the performance data
Concurrent validity design
A psychological concept or characteristic (e.g., intelligence, personality, leadership) that a predictor is intended to measure is a
Construct
______ assesses the accuracy of the entire domain of a construct
Content validity
A system of beliefs in which individual's create norms to deal with uncertainty and create meaning is
Culture
Tend to emphasize interpersonal relationships and communication
Feminine cultures
A test that is chosen to assess the abilities necessary to carry out the demands of a specific job can be referred to as a
Predictor
Best resource for anyone interested in I-O psychology
SIOP (the society for industrial and organizational psychology)
"Disinterestedness" refers to the notion that
Scientist should be objective and not influenced by biases or prejudices
Participants are assigned to different conditions, but random assignment to conditions is not possible
Quasi-experimental design
The NEO-PI is a test that can predict outstanding performance by discovering positive attributes a candidate may possess. This type of test is also referred to as a:
Screen-in test
According to the mod presented in class, an Industrial psychologist would be most interested in influencing behavior by manipulating
Selecting the right candidate
During an interview, an applicant for a customer service representative position is asked how she would deal with an upset customer over the phone. This is called a(n) _____ interview question.
Situational
________ is a term that describes the consistency if a test or measure
Reliability
Not preferring one or another, but realizing that all approaches are useful and can be skillfully applied, either individually or in combination, depending on the situation at hand
Unified approach
The shape of a distribution with a large standard deviation would look
Wide because the distribution covers a large range of scores
The Hawthorne Studies led to the dramatic discovery that
Workers attitudes play a role in productivity
Which sample would yield results with the most generalizability?
a large representative sample
Cultures in which people, relationships and the environment are most important can be best described as
feminine cultures
to apply the results from one study or sample to other participants or situations
generalize
Error that occurs when a rater assigns the same rating to an employee on a series of dimensions, creating a halo or aura that surrounds all of the ratings, causing them to be similar.
halo error
Company Y has just designed a new checkout counter for a chain of supermarkets. This new checkout counter will allow the employees to scan and bag groceries more efficiently. Development of the new checkout counter was most likely done by a(n)
human factors psychologist
The study of the capacities and limitations of humans with respect to a particular environment
human factors psychology
Which of Hofstede's dimensions did Triandis suggest would likely interact with the horizontal/vertical cultural dimension?
individual/collectivism
Personality-based integrity tests
infer integrity from broad constructs
Evaluation made of the effectiveness of an individual's work behavior; judgment most often made by supervisors in the context of a performance evaluation.
judgmental measures
Which tests cannot be administered until after an offer of employment has been made?
screen-out tests
A paper and pencil test that presents the candidate with a written scenario and then asks the candidate to choose a response from a series of alternatives is a(n)
situational judgement test
A timed (15 minutes) intelligence test is created. There are 50 questions, and most test takers do not finish answering all of the questions. The test score is calculated by how many items each test taker is able to complete correctly in the time allowed. This test is an example of a ________
speed test
A notable difference between speed tests and power tests is that
speed tests often provide greater variability between candidates than do power tests
In seeking to hire several new employees, an interviewer asks the same questions to each applicant, and each applicant is assigned a score based on his or her answers. This is an example of a(n) __________ interview
structured
Dr. Hendry was asked to develop a selection system for hiring firefighters. She will most likely use a cognitive ability test to assess
to what extent each applicant can learn new procedures
_______ ratings open the door to legal challenges and do not provide useful information about performance. Hint: think about the performance model we've discussed.
trait
John works for a major investment firm located in the United States. He has recently been reassigned to the firm's office in Eastern Asia. John will most likely be successful in his new environment if he
tries to adapt to East Asian culture
According to the lecture and your text, research designs in I-O psychology can be broken down into three basic types:
true experimental, quasi-experimental and non experimental
As an organizational psychologist, Dr. Carter also includes the human engineering and personnel perspectives in her analyses. What type of approach does she adhere to?
unified approach
An important distinction between an experimental design and a quasi-experimental design is that
unlike a quasi-experimental design, an experimental design randomly assigns participants to group's
One solution for the problem of conflicting stakeholder goals is to
use multiple performance evaluation systems, each for a different purpose.
Research indicates that the relationships among the different types of performance measures are
weak
A cognitive ability test that uses 50 items to assess verbal, numerical, and spatial abilities and is frequently used in the NFL Combine is known as the
wonderlic
Caroline is applying for a job as an airline pilot. As one of her requirements, she is asked to complete several maneuvers in a flight simulator. This type of test can be best characterized as a(n)
work sample test
The arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution: obtained by summing all of the scores in a distribution and dividing by the sample size
Mean
The middle score in a distribution
Median
The most frequently occurring score within a distribution is the
Mode
When making a steam and leaf plot showing a positively skewed distribution
Most of the numbers are towards to top 1 10 20 2 9 3 2 4 5 5 8
When making a stem and leaf plot showing a normal distribution
Most of the numbers should be in the middle of the chart 1 6 2 4 3 7 10 4 2 5 7
Personality factors are most predictive when the employee has
Much control over their job
Dr. Duran, an I-O psychologist, found that as job satisfaction increases, employee absenteeism decreases. This is an example of a _________ relationship
Negative inverse
Tests that ask questions directly about the candidate's past honesty behavior as well as attitudes toward various behaviors, such as employee theft, can be best described as
Overt integrity tests
Dr. Duran was asked by company X to develop a selection system for hiring new employees and to revise the existing performance appraisal system. Dr. Duran was most likely asked to do this because of her experience in
Personnel psychology
addresses issues such as recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, promotion, transfer and termination
Personnel psychology
Examining the correlation between new employees test scores and their job performance six months after they are hired provides a way to asses:
Predictive validity
Participants are randomly assigned to different conditions
experimental design
The boundaries of the correlation coefficient are ______ and ______ without consideration of the valence
0 and 1
The standard deviation of a distribution is 4. Therefor the variance of the distribution is
16 (all you do is multiply the standard deviation number by the name number) ex. 4 x 4 = 16
Using 5 numbers, provide the simplest set of numbers that would yield a negatively skewed data set
75, 78, 80, 84, 85
John has read several books about how to repair a car engine, even though he has never seen one up close. Joy, on the other hand, grew up in her parents' auto shop and repairs car engines on a daily basis. When it comes to car repair, it is appropriate to say that John has _____________ knowledge, whereas Joy has _____________ knowledge.
Declarative and procedural
Melanie takes a test in his Industrial-Organizational psychology class. Her score will most reflect her:
Declarative knowledge
Performance ___________ emphasizes the link between individual behavior and organizational strategies and goals by defining performance in the context of those goals.
Management
Tend to emphasize accomplishment and technical performance
Masculine cultures
"One band, one sound" is an operationalization of which cultural dimension?
Individualism-collectivism
An employee who recently received a performance evaluation feels that the respectfulness and personal tone of the communications surrounding his evaluation were improper. Which type of justice is this worker referring to?
Interpersonal
One way to characterize the correlation coefficient is that it
Is the slop of the z scores
The process used by I-O psychologist to develop an understanding of a job by identifying the duties of the job and the KSAO's required to perform the job is called a(n)
Job analysis
The exams in this course are examples of
Knowledge test
Dr. McKibben tends to apply which rating error?
Leniency error
The main distinction between Army Alpha and the Army Beta is
The Army Alpha was administered to literate recruits, while the Army Beta was administered to illiterate recruits.
Name the statistic best described by the following phrase. The sum of the squared deviations from ______ are always greater than zero.
The mean
The mean can be conceptually thought of as representing
Truth
An approach used by researchers seeking converging information from many different sources is referred to
Triangulation
If a researcher wants to examine whether a test is reliable over a reasonable time period, he or she might
administer the test to the same people at two different points in time and calculate a correlation coefficient between the scores taken at time one and the scores taken at time two
One of the key advantages of situational judgment tests is that they are linked with lower incidences of ______ ________, a form of discrimination
adverse impact
Type of discrimination that acknowledges the employer may not have intended to discriminate against a plaintiff, but an employer practice did have an adverse impact on the group to which the plaintiff belongs.
adverse impact
Jake wants to establish a cause-effect relationship between two variables. He should use _______ to establish causation between the two variables.
an experimental design
Productivity can be best explained as
any behavior that is work related
The "in-basket" (to do list) technique is a type of
assessment center technique
An HR manager is developing a test for hiring new employees. She plans to give current employees the new test and then correlate their scores with the performance records that are currently in their personnel files. Her method for collecting data can be best characterized as a(n)
concurrent design
The goals of psychology are ______ though, feeling and behavior.
describe, explain, predict and control
Negative feedback that is directed toward personal characteristics rather than job-related behaviors is called ______.
destructive criticism
James McKeen Cattell had a major influence on the emergence of I-O psychology. He was among the first to realize the importance of studying:
differences among individuals as a way of predicting their behavior
One reason that placing cultures on a collectivist-individualist continuum would be useful for managers is that it would
enable them to provide effective rewards to people of various cultures
Dr. Jones is worried about memory effects while he attempted to establish the reliability of his measured construct. Which technique for establishing reliability should he use it deal with his potential confound
equivalent forms
A type of reliability calculated by correlating measurements from a sample of individuals who complete two different forms of the same test
equivalent forms reliability
Eliminating confounding variables in the laboratory setting is done via
experimental control
Dr. Baldwin is interested in studying the effects of a new medication. He randomly assigns participants to two groups. One group receives the medication while the other receives a placebo. Fernando's research can be best described as . . .
experimental design
When a researcher is trying to develop an understanding of a phenomenon, it is best to
make us of all the information available, regardless of form
Psychometric training involves
making the raters aware of common rating distortions.
Does not include any "treatment" or assignment to different conditions
non experimental design
Group whose test scores are used to compare and understand an individual's test score.
norm group
Sales volume, customer complaints, and output data are examples of
objective measures
Rebecca is observing and recording how man times a group of workers engage in non-work related behavior over a period if a week. Rebecca is using a(n)
observational design
The researcher observes employee behavior and systematically records what is observed
observational design
Measure typically kept in a personnel file, including absences, accidents, tardiness, rate of advancement, disciplinary actions, and commendations of meritorious behavior
personnel measures
Criterion-related validity design in which there is a time lag between collection of the test data and the criterion data
predictive validity design
A test is designed to measure coordination, dexterity, and reaction time. These are classified as
psychomotor abilities
"Protected groups", as stated in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, include
race, color, religion, sex and national origin
For selection purposes, I-O psychologists assume that a person's intelligence and personality
remain relatively stable over time