PSYCH UNIT 8 TEST

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a behavioral approach to therapy?

Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well.

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy model of treatment?

"If I don't get all As in college, then my degree will be worth nothing."

Morris is exhibiting symptoms most consistent with illness anxiety disorder. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

After not eating breakfast, Morris' stomach growls and he feels a slight cramp. He panics and is convinced that he has stomach cancer.

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?

An unwarranted sense of self-importance

Dr. Xi conducted an experiment on the effectiveness of an antidepressant medication. Given her research design, if she finds that the drug is effective, which of the following will she be able to conclude?

Antidepressants decrease the severity of depression, and the experiment demonstrates cause-and-effect because she used random assignment.

Staff members at a mental health hospital do not respond to patients who use threats, but praise patients who are courteous. Which of the following psychotherapeutic approaches is being used?

Behavioral therapy

Brett is exhibiting signs of dissociative amnesia. Which of the following scenarios would most likely depict Brett's situation?

Brett was at work in Seattle when a police officer asked if he was John Simons from Miami. Brett said no, but the officer showed him a picture of himself with a family he had no memory of. Brett did not remember how he got to Seattle and did not remember ever being named John.

Which contemporary approach asserts that psychological disorders occur when environmental factors negatively influence individuals who have genetic vulnerabilities to developing psychological disorders?

Diathesis-stress

Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites

Which of the following treatments assumes a biological cause for a disorder?

Electroconvulsive therapy

Which therapist best illustrates the humanistic orientation to therapy?

Gil's therapist, who engages in active listening during their sessions

Anthony thinks he will fail his math test because he believes he is terrible at math, even though he has passed his previous math tests. Which of the following explanations would the cognitive approach use to explain Anthony's behavior?

His irrational thoughts are causing him to doubt his abilities, even though he has evidence to show otherwise.

Mindy's colleagues were embarrassed when she arrived at the professional meeting dressed more appropriately for a nightclub. In addition, she continually drew attention to herself by talking loudly and dramatically, as though she was onstage. Mindy's behavior is most consistent with which of the following psychological disorders

Histrionic personality disorder, because Mindy is exhibiting exaggerated and self-centered emoting.

The precipitous decline of the inpatient populations of state and county mental hospitals since the 1950's can be attributed to which of the following? I. Declining incidence of severe mental illness II. A policy of deinstitutionalization III. New drug therapies

II and III only

When community psychologists refer to primary prevention, they are describing which of the following goals?

Keeping disorders from developing

Which of the following depictions is most consistent with signs of borderline disorder?

Merle was getting along fine with his roommate Carl until Carl left the milk out of the refrigerator. Merle then dumped all of the food in the refrigerator onto the kitchen floor and changed the locks when Carl was away.

Which of the following best explains how humors were thought to affect psychopathology?

Psychological disorders are caused by an imbalance between black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Which of the following is typically cited as a characteristic of autistic children?

Severely impaired interpersonal communication

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Somatoform

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a therapist using rational-emotive behavior therapy?

Stanley thinks he is never going to get a job, so his therapist says that would be the worst thing that could ever happen to Stanley.

Which of the following best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders?

They may function reasonably well in society.

Dr. Obetz is conducting an experimental study on the effectiveness of antianxiety medication. Which of the following will most likely be her independent variable?

Type of medication, because she will randomly divide participants into groups and give the groups different types of medication.

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by:

a lack of guilt feelings

According to Carl Rogers, the role of the therapist in person-centered psychotherapy is to

accept the client unconditionally so that the client's own desire for mental health and positive growth will flourish

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

active listening

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptom are most likely to be relieved by _____ drugs.

antipsychotic

Brandon is superficially charming and skilled at exploiting people for his own gain. He is also impulsive and irresponsible, and he generally disregards social norms. Brandon would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

antisocial personality

Albert Ellis' view of psychological problems was that they

are due to irrational thinking

Which of the following is the best description of systematic desensitization?

associating a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

Treatment programs in which alcoholic clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-inducing drug are using a technique known as:

aversive conditioning

Jim decides to seek treatment for his alcoholism that involves taking a medication that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. What type of treatment has Jim chosen?

behavioral

Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective?

behavioral

On Monday, Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and on top of the world. On Tuesday, he felt hopeless and lethargic, and thought that the future looked very grim. matt would most likely be diagnosed as having:

bipolar disorder

Fluoxetine (Prozac® ) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin in the synapses

Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by

changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client

Which of the following types of therapies is considered humanistic?

client-centered therapy

In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using?

cognitive

Which of the following psychological theories would explain post traumatic stress disorder as being the result of irrational beliefs and ideas?

cognitive

Dr. Megan tells her patient to try to change the way she views the world and start to exercise when she starts to feel depressed. Which of the following types of therapy is Dr. Megan using?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a

conversion disorder

All of the following are anxiety disorders EXCEPT

conversion disorder

Mr. Hunt believes that he is the President of the United States and that he will soon become "King of the Universe". Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from:

delusions

An item on a psychological test asks whether the test taker believes radio news stations are delivering special messages to the test taker that others cannot detect. Jason takes the test and answers yes to this question, because he recently detected messages to him embedded in a radio broadcast. Jason appears to be experiencing

delusions of reference

The symptoms of schizophrenia mentioned in text are:

delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotions, and inappropriate behavior

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of:

depression

Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they

design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters i

dopamine

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT

due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

A therapist asks you to say the first word that come comes to mind when you hear a list of random nouns. The therapist is using a type of:

free association

Chand, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Chand most likely suffers from a(n):

generalized anxiety disorder

A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that

is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and

lithium carbonate

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

Obsessions are:

offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person

A sudden wave of terror and fear that something bad is going to happen can be a:

panic attack

Jeff is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. Jeff is shallow, conniving, and is a pathological liar. He has swindled several elderly people out of their life's savings. He seems to have little feeling for his victims and does not fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of:

personality disorder

A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing

placebo effect

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

post-traumatic stress disorder

Using psychological techniques such as free association to explore a client's early relationships is characteristic of what type of treatment?

psychanalysis

The phenomenon of transference is a recognized component of which of the following therapeutic treatments?

psychoanalysis

Which of the following types of disorders is characterized by complaints of bodily symptoms that do not have a detectable medical cause but rather are caused by psychological factors?

somatoform

Training in the construction of an anxiety hierarchy and in relaxation techniques is likely to be part of the treatment for which of the following?

specific phobia

According to rational-emotive behavior therapists, the source of much unhappiness is the individual's

system of inappropriate beliefs

Which of the following techniques would behavior therapists most likely use to help people overcome a fear of flying?

systematic desensitization

Which of the following is the most accurate description of a lobotomy?

the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the deeper emotional centers are cut

According to psychoanalytic theory, the bases for the development of mental disorders are

unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety

Skeptical psychologists might offer which of the following explanations for the rise in diagnoses of dissociative identity disorder over the last 30 years?

unintentional suggestions to patients that cause "multiple personalities"