Psychology 1101 Chapters 12&14

Just-world

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

groupthink

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

a belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve

What is the just-world hypothesis?

how a threat is perceived

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

1930s

When did the term stress enter scientific literature?

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

coping

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

peripheral route

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?

informational

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

Hans Selye

Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

Stanley Milgram

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

distress

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

group polarization

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

primary

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

Zimbardo

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Albert Bandura

Who said, "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"?

eustress

________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

health

A ________ psychologist might investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors.

stressor

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

demanding or threatening event or situation

A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

fundamental attribution error

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

group processes

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness

The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on ________.

Asch effect

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal leve.l. These topics include ________.

meditation

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

What is a social role?

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

What is groupthink?

positive psychology

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

foot-in-the-door

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

central route

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

Gary Schwartz

Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

Who was Stanley Milgram?

Dispositionism

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

flow

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

biofeedback

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.