Psychology Ch 16, psychology Ch 15, Psychology ch 14
45. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.
13.4%
46. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.
19%
28. Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path
30. Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
Active listening
35. Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Aderall
41. Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?
Avoidant personality disorder
9. Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
Behavior
20. Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Behavior therapy
20. Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
Being outside the home alone
36. Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.
Biomedical
13. Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
18. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?
Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside
2. Etiology is another word for ________.
Causes
18. In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.
Client says whatever comes to mind at the moment
40. The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
23. In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Congnitive- behavioral therapy
13. Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
Coping
10. Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.
Counterconditioning
8. Aversive conditioning is a ________.
Counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
4. Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
DSM (the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)
49. Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
Depressing central nervous system activity
49. Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?
Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.
26. Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?
Episodic
38. Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.
Group
5. Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
Group Therapy
4. During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
Intake
30. Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.
14. In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.
Possessed by demons
15. Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
16. Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
Social support
27. Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.
Token economy
43. In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.
adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration
4. A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.
anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence
7. ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
anxiety
8. A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
24. Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless
40. Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
9. Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
autism spectrum disorder
34. Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.
autoimmune
48. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?
becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self
50. Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder?
behavior inhibition
11. ________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
biofeedback
49. The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.
biological and psychological
23. Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
body dysmorphic
25. Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
cognitive
1. A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
31. Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.
daily hassle
17. A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.
demanding or threatening event or situation
39. Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?
dependent personality disorder
33. Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
depersonalization
35. Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
18. Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.
dissociative identity
24. People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.
distress
7. ________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.
distress
6. ________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
eustress
45. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?
excessive, persistent fear and anxiety
47. Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
experiencing trauma in isolation
27. Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.
fight or flight
48. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.
forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart
22. Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
5. What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
how a threat is perceived
12. Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
14. The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.
meditation
10. People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
obsessive-compulsive
33. If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.
often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
17. ________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
26. Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
physiological
10. Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
positive outlook and positive expectations
9. Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?
positive psychology
3. Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
primary
38. Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?
problem focus
16. Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
31. Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
2. A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.
stressor
14. ________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
suicidal ideation
5. What is comorbidity?
the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
22. A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.
threat; challenge
23. Which of the following is an example of eustress?
training for a marathon
47. Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout?
wanting to quit
32. Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________.
Agitation
37. From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?
Antisocial personality disorder
6. The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
Diathesis-stress model
16. Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?
Dorothea Dix
12. ECT stands for ________.
Electroconulsive therapy
41. Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
Free association
1. Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?
Hans Selye
47. Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
How you think determines how you feel.
46. Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?
It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
11. Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
Orbitofrontal cortex
2. Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.
Relapse
27. Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.
Retardation
21. ________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.
Safety behaviors
13. ________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
Seasonal pattern
30. Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?
Seasonal pattern
50. Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?
Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.
33. The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.
Stimulants
48. Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.
Suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure
46. What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?
They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.
20. Which of the following is an example of a stressor?
being in a car accident
41. Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.
body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it
3. Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
chronic
29. Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.
mania
42. What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?
moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material
43. Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.
26%
15. Who said, "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"?
Albert Bandura
43. Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?
All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.
34. Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.
Antidepressants
32. ________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness.
Atypical antipsychotics
19. Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?
Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.
50. What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?
Client's present and future
6. Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.
Client-centered
7. Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?
Confidentiality
22. Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Congnitive therapy
29. What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?
Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.
8. ________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.
Flow
11. What is the goal of humanistic therapy?
Helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
25. Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?
Humanistic therapy
21. Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
42. Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?
Involuntary
37. Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?
It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem
3. Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome C. Wakefield
32. Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.
Job burnout
34. Which of the following is an example of avolition?
Lack of motivation to bathe yourself
28. Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
Orgaizing the books
28. According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?
Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence
42. Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?
People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.
19. Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.
Phobia
36. Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?
Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
21. Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?
Play therapy
24. Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Play therapy
17. Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.
Process of closing large asylums
39. A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________.
Psycho-educational treatment
19. Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
1. Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
Race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
26. On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?
Systematic desensitization
44. Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed?
The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.
44. Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
The immune system is weakened
35. Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.
Type A
40. Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.
Type B
29. Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.
31. Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
Uncondtional postive regard
44. Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
Voluntary
36. A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.
asthma
12. The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
38. Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?
borderline personality disorder
37. Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.
chronic
25. Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.
posttraumatic stress
15. Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
45. Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.
significantly elevated rates of heart disease
39. Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.
social support
