Psychology Chapter 1-2

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline? Select one: a. 1600s b. 1700s c. 1800s d. 1900sDifficulty: Easy

1800s

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

Why is psychology considered a social science? Select one: a. Because psychologists study groups and how groups interact. b. Because psychology is not considered a hard science. c. Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others. d. Behavior is unpredictable, so scientists study it.

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy? Select one: a. Abraham Maslow b. Carl Rogers c. Wilhelm Wundt d. William James

Carl Rogers

What is a PsyD? Select one: a. Doctor of Philosophy b. Doctor of Psychiatry c. Doctor of Psychoanalysis d. Doctor of Psychology

Doctor of Psychology

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method? Select one: a. A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain. b. A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy. c. Dr. Hysock-Witham decides to start her course later because so many students arrive late. d. Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion. Select one: a. H.O.P.E.S. b. Either-Or c. Fifth Dimension d. Five Factor

Five Factor

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

Which of the following does not influence perception?

Gestalt

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________. Select one: a. Gestalt psychology b. humanism c. psychoanalytic theory d. structuralism

Gestalt psychology

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

John Watson

Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?

Male bias exists in science.

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology? Select one: a. Anna Freud b. Bruno Bettelheim c. Naomi Weisstein d. Sigmund Freud

Naomi Weisstein

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality? Select one: a. Charles Darwin b. Jean Piaget c. Noam Chomsky d. Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

A ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment. Select one: a. gestaltlaten b. isolate c. Skinner box d. Watson manipulator

Skinner box

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective.

Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Humanism focuses on the potential of all people for evil. Select one: a. The word "evil" should be changed to the word "good." b. The word "people" should be changed to the word "children." c. The word "people" should be changed to the word "groups." d. The word "potential" should be changed to the word "use."

The word "evil" should be changed to the word "good."

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common? Select one: a. Job growth is greatest in these fields. b. They all focus on groups instead of individuals. c. They are all areas of psychology that developed in the 19th century. d. They are all examples of applied psychology.

They are all examples of applied psychology.

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common? Select one: a. They were all concerned with describing and understanding animal behavior. b. They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience. c. They were all concerned with diagnosing and treating female psychosis. d. They were all concerned with the nature of evil during the Nazi regime.

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first. Select one: a. Noam Chomsky, Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Wundt b. Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud c. Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt d. Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that men value youthful appearance more than women. Why?

Youthful looks provide fertility clues.

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.

agreeableness

Pseudoscience

any approach to explaining phenomena in the natural world that does not use empirical observation or the scientific method.

Critical thinking is ________.

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Behaviorism

argued psychology should deal solely with observable events

Psychoanalysis

asserted mental disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious mind

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

Functionalism

believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________. Select one: a. biopsychologist b. developmental psychologist c. humanist d. social psychologist

biopsychologist

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait. Select one: a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. extroversion d. neuroticism

conscientiousness

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in? Select one: a. biopsychology b. clinical psychology c. counseling psychology d. wellness psychology

counseling psychology

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

Structuralism

devoted to uncovering basic structures that make up mind and thought

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists? Select one: a. examination of anatomy and physiology b. exculpation c. extrospection d. interviews

examination of anatomy and physiology

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.

extroversion

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology? Select one: a. discovering the contributions of women to psychology b. favoring women over men c. questioning the practice of science itself when it is male biased d. studying psychological gender differences

favoring women over men

William James was the ________. Select one: a. author of the first psychology textbook b. father of psychology c. first American psychologist d. first psychoanalyst

first American psychologist

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first? Select one: a. data collection b. experiment c. hypothesis d. observation

hypothesis

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Gestalt psychology

interested in how we construct " perceptual wholes"

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology? Select one: a. human resources b. marketing c. mid- and top-level management d. social work

mid- and top-level management

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait. Select one: a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. neuroticism d. openness

neuroticism

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

The empirical method of study is based on ________. Select one: a. guesswork b. observation c. practice d. statistics

observation

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait. Select one: a. agreeableness b. extroversion c. neuroticism d. openness

openness

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior. Select one: a. classical conditioning b. functionalism c. humanism d. operant conditioning

operant conditioning

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Psychology refers to the ________. Select one: a. empirical study of humanity b. experimental study of individuals c. scientific study of the mind d. systematic study of human interaction

scientific study of the mind

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Which of the following defines hypothesis? Select one: a. idea that proves a theory b. means of explaining social phenomena c. tentative explanation d. way of looking at the world

tentative explanation

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. Select one: a. emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses b. genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior c. stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain d. the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.

the use of reinforcement and punishment

Char heard from her friends that marijuana use can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________. Select one: a. acting unconsciously b. hypothesizing c. theorizing d. thinking critically

thinking critically

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese