Psychology: Chapter 1
Which school of though insisted on strict verifiability of observable behavior?
Behaviorism
What was William James's area of specialization?
Functionalism
G. Stanley Hall
american psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association
counseling psychology: education
same as clinical, graduate school for Ph.D, Ed.D, or Psy.D
James Olds
showed that electrical stimulation of the brain could evoke emotional responses such as pleasure and rage in animals
Roger Sperry
showed that the right and left halves of the brain are specialized to handle different types of mental tasks
Wilhelm Wundt
german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879
clinical psychology: education
graduate school for a Ph.D, Ed.D, or Psy.D
William James
1842-1910; Field: functionalism; Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Landmark book, Principles of Psychology
From which two disciplines did psychology evolve?
Psychology's intellectual parents were the disciplines of philosophy and physiology.
Why would a humanist not use animal research to understand human behavior?
Research on animals has little relevance to the understanding of human behavior. Human behavior is governed primarily by each individual's sense of self, or "self-concept" in which animals lack.
Who would state that psychological disturbances were caused by personal conflicts that exist on an unconscious level?
Sigmund Freud
counseling psychology: job description
Similar to clinical psychology, but may work with less severe psychological disorders usually providing assistance with everyday problems of moderate day
What was Edward Titchener's area of specialization?
Structuralism
Applied Psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems
clinical psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Structuralist
a psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences such as sensations, feelings and images
Summarize Martin Seligman's criticism of psychology
argued that the field of psychology focused to much attention to pathology , weakness, damage, and ways to heal suffering. That they neglected the forces that make life worth living. He then convened a series of meetings outlining the philosophy and goals of positive psychology.
psychiatrist: job description
branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Functionlism
early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
clinical psychology: job description
evolution, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders (nonmedical)
Introspection
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
psychiatrist: education
medical school to earn M.D. degree
origin of applied psychology
not until WWII (1950s) did it become a profession