PSYCHOLOGY: chapter 1

1. Psychology is common sense and its just a collection of knowledge that any reasonably smart person can pick up through everyday experiences 2. Most psychologist only provide therapy, which isn't true many conduct research 3. Psychology is a science

3 misconceptions about psychology

Clinical or counseling psychologist

Degree is a doctor of philosophy. PhD. Degree can also be doctor of psychology PsyD.

Psychiatrist

Degree of a medical doctor

Applied research

Focuses on changing behaviors and outcomes, and often leads to real world applications. Use findings from basic research for ideas and inspiration, but it's often conducted in natural settings outside the lab. Goals are more pragmatic or practical.

A little over 130 years old, very young in comparison to other scientific disciplines

How old is the field of psychology?

Sample

If the population size is too large then the researcher will select a subset of that population

Mental Health Counselor

Master's Degree MA or MS

Variables

Measurable characteristics that vary, or change over time or across people

Basic research

Often occurs in University Laboratories. It focuses on collecting data to support (or refute) theories. Goal is to gather knowledge for the sake of knowledge.

Population

Overall group, that researchers want to examine or study

Psychologist

STATE THE TERM Ph. D. (Doctor of Philosophy) or Psy. D. (Doctor of psychology). Attends graduate school, completes internships and dissertations. They can either be research oriented or have clinical/professional practices. Some states counseling or clinical have the opportunity to go back to school for further training and have the ability to prescribe psychiatric medication.

Psychiatrist

STATE THE TERM: Medical doctor (MD), goes to medical school and then does residency in psychiatry. Focuses on treating psychological disorders. Prescribes medicine.

Psychologists

STATE THE TERM: Scientists who work in a variety of fields, all of which include the study of behavior and the underlying mental processes. Usually do not provide therapy, counseling, or clinical services.

Psychology

STATE THE TERM: Study of behavior and mental processes

Nature

Started with the beliefs and teachings of Plato. Humans are born with some degree of innate knowledge.

Develop a hypothesis

Step 2 of the scientific method

Design study and collect data

Step 3 of scientific method

Analyze the data

Step 4 of scientific method

Publish findings

Step 5 of scientific method

Develop a question

Step one of scientific method

Mamie Clark

The first black woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology. Her degree came from Columbia University.

Margaret Floy Washburn

The first female to earn a Ph.D. in psychology. Her degree, granted in 1894, came from Cornell, which at the time allowed women to earn doctorates.

Describe

The first goal of psychology is to describe what is observed

Wilhelm Wundt

The first psychologist who emerged in 1879. Considered the "father of psychology."

Control

The fourth goal of psychology is to use research findings to shape, modify, and control behavior. This is the act of applying the findings of psychological research to shape and change behaviors in a beneficial way.

How one changing variable effects the other

The goal of experiments?

Explain

The second goal of psychology is to organize and understand observation of behaviors. Researchers gathering data must try to make sense of what they have observed.

Predict

The third goal of psychology is to predict behaviors or outcomes. When we observe behavior patterns we can make predictions about what will happen in the future.

Clinical or Counseling Psychologist PhD

Went to graduate school; includes dissertation or internship

Mental Health Counselor

Went to graduate school; includes internship

Clinical or Counseling Psychologist PsyD

Went to graduate school; includes internship, may include dissertation

Psychiatrist

Went to medical school and residency training in psychiatry

Psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, biological, sociocultural, biopychosocial

What are all of the perspectives of psychology?

behavior and mental processes

What does psychology study?

Nurture

Aristotle went on to challenge Plato, his mentor, and believed that we know reality through our experiences in life. Knowledge is a result of our experiences.

Counseling and Clinical

What is the most common area of specialization for a psychologist at 54%?

Higher education (university teaching)

What is the most common area of work for a psychologist at 33%?

75%

What percent of students earning their master's and Ph.D. are female?