Psychology Chpt. 7-8

Which of the following is an example of a perceptual barrier that hinders problem solving?

A boss at a produce farm wants to improve employee hand washing but becomes confused when employees offer unrealistic solutions as they goof around while brainstorming.

What enables information to move from sensory memory into short-term memory?

Attention

Which of the following refers to quick and relatively effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems?

Automatic processing

Who developed the first IQ test?

Binet and Simon

In the context of insight, what is selective encoding?

Choosing information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions

Which of the following best describes suppression?

Consciously keeping memories from awareness

Which of the following describes deductive thought?

Drawing conclusions by proceeding from general principles to specific situations

Which of the following describes inductive thought?

Drawing conclusions by proceeding from specific information to general principles

When Spearman described the "g" factor in intelligence, what did the "g" stand for?

General

Which of the following is best supported by Ebbinghaus' research on forgetting?

It shows that forgetting is rapid at first and is followed by a slow decline.

What is the main assumption of Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

People have a number of unrelated forms of intelligence.

Where would the memory of how to ride a bike be stored?

Procedural memory

What does it mean to say that a test has been standardized?

Psychologists have established rules for administering the test and interpreting its scores.

The concept of disuse is closely associated with which aspect of memory?

Retrieval

The researcher associated with developing the triarchic theory is

Robert Sternberg

Certain IQ tests, such as the WISC-IV, include separate tests for specialized abilities. Scores on all those separate tests are positively correlated with one another. These positive correlations are considered evidence in favor of

Spearman's "g" factor

Which of the following best describes explicit memory?

Stored information that cannot be forgotten

Which of the following plays a key role in transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory?

The hippocampus

Which of the following describes semantics?

The study of meaning in words and language

Which of the following best describes the process of encoding?

Transforming information for retention in memory

Which of the following best reflects a random search strategy to solving a problem?

Trial-and-error

Which one of the following best describes the concept of logical thought?

Using given information and explicit rules to reach new conclusions

What does the abbreviation WAIS stand for?

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Which of the following best describes the concept of language?

Words or symbols and the rules for combining them

Aptitude tests attempt to measure _____. Achievement tests attempt to measure _____.

ability to learn... skills and knowledge already learned

What is meant by crystallized intelligence?

acquired knowledge and the application of that knowledge to familiar problems

What does "psychometric" mean?

based on measurements of individual differences

A basic unit of thought is defined as a ________.

concept

According to Cattell, if we examine the intelligence of a person at age 20 and again at age 50, we are most likely to find

decreasing fluid intelligence, but steady or increasing crystallized intelligence.

Thinking that is more or less unconscious, automatic, and effortless is called _______.

framing

The increase in raw IQ scores known as the Flynn effect has been shown to occur

in every country where it has been investigated.

An image formulated from sensory input from the muscles is defined as being ________.

kinesthetic

Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of ________.

redintegration

In the context of problem solving, understanding ________.

refers to a deeper comprehension of the problem

The process of planning how to study for a test involves deliberate concentration and engagement in _______.

reflective processing

To determine the number of items in your grocery cart, you likely have to deliberately concentrate and engage in _______.

reflective processing

A psychologist who gives a group of people the same test several times is probably trying to measure the __________ of the test.

reliability

The lack of appropriate cues can lead to forgetting as a result of ________ failure.

retrieval

A person "remembers" going to a concert with John years ago. In reality, the person went to the concert with Ronnie, but lived on the same dorm floor as John. This is an example of ________.

source confusion

What is meant by fluid intelligence?

the ability to reason, use knowledge, and gain more information

If a test has low validity, then

the test does not measure what it is supposed to measure

What was the original reason for developing IQ tests?

to predict school performance

What evidence do most studies of heritability of human intelligence consider?

twins and adopted children