Psychology Final TESTS

The brain's oldest region is the A. Hippocampus B. amygdala C.brainstem D. hypothalamus

brainstem

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the A. thalamus B. amygdala C.hippocampus D.hypothalamus

hypothalamus

Hindsight bias leads people to perceive psychological research outcomes as A. unpredictable B.inexplicable C.unlikely D. unsurprising

unsurprising

Which of the following best defines the term "periodical journal" in psychological research? A. A one-time publication summarizing the latest research findings in a specific area of psychology. B. A publication containing a variety of articles written by experts in the field, released at regular intervals such as monthly or quarterly. C. A report presenting experimental data from a single study conducted over a period of several years. D.A book compiling a collection of research studies conducted within a defined period of time.

A publication containing a variety of articles written by experts in the field, released at regular intervals such as monthly or quarterly.

A scholarly article typically A. includes an abstract B.contains complex language C. is written by an expert in the field D. all of the above

All of the above

Psychological theories help to A.Organize scientific observation B. explain observed facts C. generate hypotheses D. do all of these things

Do all of these thinsg

In psychological research, a small p-value means that your results are unlikely to have occurred just by chance. In order for results to be considered statistically significant that p value must be at least equal to or less than ___________ . A. 5.0 B. .50 C. .005 D..05

.05

Janet has five brothers who are 4, 6, 6, 9, and 15 years of age. The mean age of Janet's brothers is A.9 B. 6 C.7 D.8

8

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the application of operational definitions in psychological research? A. A study investigating the effectiveness of a new therapy for anxiety by measuring participants' self-reported feelings of calmness before and after the intervention. B. An observational study investigating the correlation between smartphone use and sleep quality, defining smartphone use as the number of hours spent on social media apps per day. C. A survey exploring the relationship between family dynamics and academic achievement, with family dynamics operationalized as participants' perceptions of their parents' involvement in their education. D.An experiment examining the impact of caffeine consumption on reaction time, defining caffeine intake as the number of cups of coffee consumed per day.

An experiment examining the impact of caffeine consumption on reaction time, defining caffeine intake as the number of cups of coffee consumed per day.

Brandon reads his psychology text regularly and attends class most days, so he felt prepared when he took the midterm exam. He just knew he aced the test. When his Professor returned his exam, he found that he earned a C. What happened? A. Brandon experienced highlight bias B. Brandon experienced overconfidence C. Brandon engaged in scientific inquiry D.Brandon perceived a pattern in random events

Brandon experienced overconfidence

In the study of factors that might affect memory, research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic beverage or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those. who drank the nonalcoholic beverage were assigned to the __________ group. A. Control B. Survey C. Experimental D. Correlational

Control

Which research design can uncover naturally occurring relationships? A. Survey B.Naturalistic Observation C.Experiement D. Correlation Design

Correlation design

Checking on the credibility of the sources of information you use in a class report is most indicative of A.A biopsychosocial Approach B. critical Thinking C.Introspection D.Functionalism

Critical Thinking

The type of thinking that examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions is called A.Critical Thinking B.Introspection C.Speculation D. Emergent thinking

Critical Thinking

An article about the benefits of being a vegetarian that includes color photos, a couple of recipes, no references, and is written by a journalist is a scholarly, peer-reviewed one. True False

False

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the American government should have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates A. Overconfidence B.Hindsight Bias C.Random Sampling D. naturalistic observation

Hindsight bias

In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the A. Control condition B. Independent variable C. dependent variable D. placebo

Independent Variable

Where is the temporal lobe located? A.Behind the forehead B.Just above the ears C.at the back of the head D.On top of the head

Just Above the ears

The maximum height of a normal curve corresponds to the _____ of a normal distribution A. range B.mean C. standard deviation D. statistical significance

Mean

Debates as to whether the excessive use of alcohol is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of A. Nature and Nurture B. Observation and introspection C. Behavior and mental processes D. structuralism and functionalism

Nature and Nurture

The visual cortex is located in the: A. Occipital lobes B.parietal lobes C.temporal lobes D.association areas

Occipital lobes

When the ________ nervous system is active, the pupils contract, heartbeat slows, digestion is stimulated, and the bladder contracts. A. Autonomic B. Sympathetic C. Somatic D. Parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

Which lobe is located behind your forehead? A.Random Assignment B.Replication C.Naturalistic Observation D. Operational Definition

Random Assignment

Every twenty-fifth person who subscribed to a weekly news magazine was contacted by market researchers to complete a survey of opinions regarding the magazine's contents. The researchers were applying the technique known as A. Naturalistic Observation B. The double-Blind Procedure C. Random Sampling D. Replication

Random Sampling

The peripheral nervous system consist of A. interneurons B. the spinal cord C. endocrine glands D. sensory and motor neurons

Sensory and motor neurons

The nervous system that arouses and expends energy is the ________ nervous system. A. Automatic B. Sympathetic C.Somatic D.Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of A. A hypothesis B. informed consent C. an operational definition D. the placebo effect

a hypothesis

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by drinking soda with caffeine in it? A. The survey B.The case study C. the experiment D. naturalistic observation

The expereiment

A self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observation and analysis is known as A. A scientific attitude B. the scientific method C.hindsight bias D. perceiving patterns in random events

The scientific Method

Compared with structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of A. Smiling B. Screaming C. Fighting D. Thinking

Thinking

An article with an abstract, introduction, description of the study, results, charts, conclusions, and references is most likely a scholarly, peer-reviewed one. A. true B. false

True

In a scholarly journal article, the hypothesis is typically found at the end of the literature review just before the methodology. A.true B. False

True

The majority of the body's neurons are located in the brain. A.true B. false

True

Who is credited with being the creator of the first laboratory? A. John Locke B. Charles Darwin C. Whilhem Wundt D. Sigmund Freud

Whilhem Wundt

An abstract is another term for A. A research study's conclusion B. a list of books and articles C .a short summary at the beginning of a research study D. a scholarly article

a short summary at the beginning of a research study

Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage? A. Amygdala B. thalamus C. nucleus accumbens D. hypothalamus

amygdala

An axon transmits messages _________________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages _________________ the cell body A.away from; towards B.away from; away from C. toward; away from D. toward;toward

away from; towards

A neuron is best described as a(n) A. ion B. cell C.sheath D.molecule

cell

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her A. Amygdala B. hypothalamus C. cerebellum D. corpus callosum

cerebellum

In a well-controlled experiment, researchers seek to minimize A.confounding variables B.informed consent C.replication D.random assignment

confounding variable

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments? A. occipital lobes B. frontal lobes C. temporal lobes D.parietal lobes

frontal lobe

To study inner sensations, images, and feelings, Edward Titchener engaged people in self-reflective A. introspection B.psychoanalysis C. positive psychology D.spaced practice

introspection

The brain devotes more tissue within the ___________________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers. A.hippocampus B.corpus callosum C. occipital lobes D.motor cortex

motor cortex

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of the _________________, leading to impaired nerve signal transmission across the axon. This condition often results in symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination difficulties, and cognitive impairments.

myelin

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. What type of research is Professor Carter using? A. survey research B. case study C. experimentation D. naturalistic observation

naturalistic observation

Mrs. Smith is measuring the height of all the children in her class and notices that the scores form a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution. This is also known as the A.Central tendency B.range C.normal curve D.standad deviation

normal curve

Which lobe is located at the back of the head? A. frontal B. pariental C. occipital D.temporal

occipital

The idea that various brain regions have particular functions is known as? A. Phrenology B. neural communication C. structuralism D. humanistic psychology

phrenology

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to A. replication B. operational definitions C. random sampling D. placebo effects

placebo effects

In a journal article, the purpose of a literature review is to A. summarize the present study so that the reader doesn't have to review every page. B. provide a supportive and foundational basis for the present research study and its hypothesis. C. describe the participants of the present study. D. identify and give credit to the sources used for the present study.

provide a supportive and foundational basis for the present research study and its hypothesis.

Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of A.random assignment B. replication C.naturalistic observation D.operational definition

random assignment

Which of the following is NOT a roadblock to critical thinking? A. Hindsight Bias B. overconfidence C. science inquiry D. perceiving patterns in random events

science inquiry

To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter, must cross the A. axon B. synaptic gap C. myelin shealth D. endocrine gland

synaptic gap