Psychology Unit 12 & 14
bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by
alterations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism
maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of
an anxiety disorder
panic attacks are most closely associated with
anxiety disorders
central route persuasion is most likely when people
are naturally analytical
social loafing is MOST likely to occur among
audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced
Tension from an inconsistency between an individual's attitudes and behavior is
cognitive dissonance
equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of
companionate love
which of the following explains the behavior of normally law-abiding people who act destructively when they are part of a crowd?
deindividuation
false beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called
delusions
learned helplessness is most closely associated with
depression
ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are best characterized as
deviant
psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional
the failure of bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of
diffusion of responsibility
exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)
dissociative identity disorder
sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. this best illustrates the perceived value of
equity
the common tendency to assume that the beliefs, values, attitudes, or actions of one's own group are superior to those of other groups is called
ethnocentrism
to break vicious cycle of depression, the social-cognitive perspective suggests that people should be encouraged to explain their failures in terms that are both
external and temporary
seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) _______. believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a _______
hallucination; delusion
most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. this best illustrates
ingroup bias
which of the following is NOT true of passionate love?
it is the strongest, most secure type of love
some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive _____, which floods the body with stress hormones
limbic system
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes are called
mood disorders
college students judged an averaged, composite face as
more attractive than most individual faces because the averaged face was more symmetrical
the practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of
norms
repeatedly thinking about your own death is to _____ as repeatedly washing is to _____
obsession; compulsion
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called a(n)
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from a(n)
phobia
positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate
post-traumatic growth
positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the _____ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the _____ of appropriate behaviors
presence; absense
the mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ______ and liking
proximity
using DSM-V guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. this indicated that the DSM-V is
reliable
which group of severe disorders is characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions?
schizophrenia
Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of
self-disclosure
people's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their
self-esteem
a teacher who is mistakenly informed that a student is learning disabled begins to treat that student differently from others. The teacher does not call on the student in class or help her with challenging materials. This result is an example of which of the following?
self-fulfilling prophecy
research findings in the area of interpersonal attraction indicate that individuals are most likely to be attracted to others who are
similar to them in attitudes and values
according to the theory of fundamental attribution error, when explaining the failures of others we usually underestimate the significance of
situational factors
the medical model psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of
social circumstances and psychological factors
prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying
social inequalities
a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a
somatoform disorder
a person who has agoraphobia is most likely to
stay close to home
a person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. this best illustrates
stimulus generalization
which of the following regularities in behavior can most likely be accounted for by the existence of a group norm?
students tend to use less profanity with adults than they do with their peers
In Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments, subjects would be LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when the
subjects observed other subjects who refused to obey the experimenter's orders
animals that must fight to get food or mates become increasingly ferocious. This best illustrates that aggression is influenced by
superordinate goals
If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates
the chameleon effect
a readiness to assume that enslaved people deserve the terrible treatment they receive best illustrates
the just-world phenomenon
when children are told that certain classmates are learning disabled, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. the best illustrates the dangers of
the medical model
a group of students perceived a stationary point of light in a dark room as a moving object. When asked later how far the light had moved, their responses increased in similarity as they heard each others' estimates. This outcome was a demonstration of what?
Conformity
a fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often
bias our perceptions of the labeled person