Psychology Unit 12 & 14

bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by

alterations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

an anxiety disorder

panic attacks are most closely associated with

anxiety disorders

central route persuasion is most likely when people

are naturally analytical

social loafing is MOST likely to occur among

audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced

Tension from an inconsistency between an individual's attitudes and behavior is

cognitive dissonance

equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of

companionate love

which of the following explains the behavior of normally law-abiding people who act destructively when they are part of a crowd?

deindividuation

false beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called

delusions

learned helplessness is most closely associated with

depression

ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are best characterized as

deviant

psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

the failure of bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of

diffusion of responsibility

exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

dissociative identity disorder

sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. this best illustrates the perceived value of

equity

the common tendency to assume that the beliefs, values, attitudes, or actions of one's own group are superior to those of other groups is called

ethnocentrism

to break vicious cycle of depression, the social-cognitive perspective suggests that people should be encouraged to explain their failures in terms that are both

external and temporary

seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) _______. believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a _______

hallucination; delusion

most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. this best illustrates

ingroup bias

which of the following is NOT true of passionate love?

it is the strongest, most secure type of love

some people are more vulnerable to PTSD because they have a sensitive _____, which floods the body with stress hormones

limbic system

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes are called

mood disorders

college students judged an averaged, composite face as

more attractive than most individual faces because the averaged face was more symmetrical

the practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of

norms

repeatedly thinking about your own death is to _____ as repeatedly washing is to _____

obsession; compulsion

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called a(n)

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from a(n)

phobia

positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate

post-traumatic growth

positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the _____ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the _____ of appropriate behaviors

presence; absense

the mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ______ and liking

proximity

using DSM-V guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. this indicated that the DSM-V is

reliable

which group of severe disorders is characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions?

schizophrenia

Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of

self-disclosure

people's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their

self-esteem

a teacher who is mistakenly informed that a student is learning disabled begins to treat that student differently from others. The teacher does not call on the student in class or help her with challenging materials. This result is an example of which of the following?

self-fulfilling prophecy

research findings in the area of interpersonal attraction indicate that individuals are most likely to be attracted to others who are

similar to them in attitudes and values

according to the theory of fundamental attribution error, when explaining the failures of others we usually underestimate the significance of

situational factors

the medical model psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

social circumstances and psychological factors

prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying

social inequalities

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a

somatoform disorder

a person who has agoraphobia is most likely to

stay close to home

a person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. this best illustrates

stimulus generalization

which of the following regularities in behavior can most likely be accounted for by the existence of a group norm?

students tend to use less profanity with adults than they do with their peers

In Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments, subjects would be LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when the

subjects observed other subjects who refused to obey the experimenter's orders

animals that must fight to get food or mates become increasingly ferocious. This best illustrates that aggression is influenced by

superordinate goals

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates

the chameleon effect

a readiness to assume that enslaved people deserve the terrible treatment they receive best illustrates

the just-world phenomenon

when children are told that certain classmates are learning disabled, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. the best illustrates the dangers of

the medical model

a group of students perceived a stationary point of light in a dark room as a moving object. When asked later how far the light had moved, their responses increased in similarity as they heard each others' estimates. This outcome was a demonstration of what?

Conformity

a fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

bias our perceptions of the labeled person