PTCB Therapeutic equivalence 1.2
Which over-the-counter medication class can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke?
NSAIDs - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflamitory Drugs
Generally, a generic substitution can be made under what criteria?
They must meet all of the following: Same active ingredients; Same dosage and form; Same route of administration
Iodine is an element that is important in the production of which substance in the body?
Thyroid Hormone
What is a common auxiliary label for phenazopyridine?
"May cause discoloration of the urine"
What concentration of sodium chloride is hypotonic to body cells?
0.7% NaCl
What concentration of sodium chloride is isotonic with body cells?
0.9% NaCl
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of the movement of drugs within the body
Which pharmacokinetic phase involves the movement of drug molecules from their site of administration to the blood?
Absorption
Using pharmocokinetic phases, how are drugs processed through the body?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
A patient taking metronidazole should avoid what substance?
Alcohol
Patients should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking what medication?
Alendronate
A reaction in which the actions of a drug are inhibited or decreased by the actions of another drug
Antagonistic reaction
The effects of probiotics can be decreased by which class of medications?
Antibiotics
Patients taking anticoagulant medications should take caution when using which OTC medication?
Aspirin, or other NSAIDs
Which common antibiotic is okay to use with a severe penicillin allergy?
Azithromycin
A patient who is allergic to penicillins may also have an allergy to which other drug class?
Cephalosporins
What common antibiotics can cause photosensitivity?
Ciprofloxacin; Sulfamethoxazole; doxycycline
Antacids containing aluminum can cause what side effect?
Constipation
To which class of medications does Prednisone belong?
Corticosteroids
Quinolone antibiotics should not be administered concurrently with________________.
Dairy products
What pharmacokinetic phase involves the transport of drugs by the blood to other parts of the body?
Distribution
What are semi-synthetics drugs?
Drugs composed of both natural and synthetic molecules
Which pharmacokinetic phase involves the removal of a drug from the body?
Excretion
What food should people taking statins avoid?
Grapefruit: A chemical in the grapefruit inhibits the ability certain medications in this class
Hypertonic
Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically in a bodily or intracellular fluid
Hypotonic
Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically in a bodily or intracellular fluid
Isotonic
Having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, typically in a bodily or intracellular fluid
Which diuretic medication should not be taken by a patient with a sulfa allergy?
Hydrochlorothiazide
A patient starting sotalol should be monitored in a hospital during the start of therapy to minimize the risk of what side effect?
Induced arrhythmia
What natural product is associated with liver toxicity? (Non-alcohol)
Kava kava
Fermented foods should be avoided while taking which class of medications?
MAOI - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
How do you calculate the body surface area for a patient? Eg: 50.9 kg and 167.6 cm in height
Meausured in m^2, BSA= the square root of ([height in cm x weight in kg]/3600) = (sqrt[heightxweight])/6. In the first equation, solving "([heightxweight)/3600)" will give you m^4. To get the m^2, sqrt. (I don't know where the "/6" came from either.) sqrt([167.6x50.9]/3600) = sqrt(2.37) = 1.54m^2
What pharmacokinetic phase involves the chemical processes that change drug molecules?
Metabolism
Antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of which medication class?
Oral contraceptives
Rifampin will decrease the levels of what class of medications?
Oral contraceptives
For people with high blood pressure, what OTC medication should they avoid?
Pseudoephedrine
MAOIs must avoid being used with what type of medication?
SSRIs
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of what the drug does to the body
Use of MAOIs and SSRIs concurrently can cause what potentially fatal condition?
Serotonin syndrome
Why can't St. John's Wort be taken with certain medications?
Studies have shown it may significantly reduce the plasma concentrations of some medication, and reduce the efficacy of others. (Warfarin, digoxin, indinavir, cyclosporin, other common HIV medications, possibly oral contraceptives, and more)
Pregnant people should avoid taking which antibiotic?
Tetracyclines
Patients taking MAOIs should avoids foods and beverages containing what?
Tyramine
What vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Should levothyroxine be given with or without food?
Without food
