Public Health Nutrition Exam 1 Quizzes

For a child from a family of 2 adults and 5 children (in total), what is the most income allowable that would enable them to qualify for free school meals? (Family of 7, $39,010)

50713

or a child from a family of 2 adults and 5 children (in total), what is the most income allowable that would enable them to qualify for reduced-price school meals? (7fam: 39010)

72168.50

A single parent from Kansas working full time (40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year--taking 2 weeks of vacation), with 1 dependent child, would need to earn at least ______ per hour to be above the official poverty threshold. (2fam: $16,910)

8.46

Given the following composition of an individual food ration that provides approximately 1700 Kcal: --Basic grain (e.g. rice) 400g --A fat (e.g. oil) 15g --Protein- rich food (e.g. dried fish) 45g How much dried fish would we need to order for a population of 2000 people for a period of 10 days?

900

Theory of Reasoned Action

A framework that suggests dietary behavior can be influenced by subjective norms and attitudes that influence intention to perform the dietary behavior

Health Belief Model

A framework that suggests dietary behavior can be influenced by verbal persuasion and active mastery experiences that boost confidence to perform the specific dietary behavior

Social Cognitive Theory

A framework that suggests dietary behavior can be influenced by verbal persuasion and active mastery experiences that boost confidence to perform the specific dietary behavior

The C.A.N. Approach

A framework that suggests dietary behaviors are influenced by convenience, attractiveness, and social norms

Transtheoretical Model

A framework that suggests dietary interventions should first take into account whether people have considered performing the dietary behavior, and then incorporate differing processes of change based on the level of intention

Hazard Analysis and Critical Point

A management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product

Policy

A principle or rule to guide decision making, such as whether kids can purchase sugar-sweetened beverages from vending machines at school

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

A program offering supplemental foods, healthcare referrals, nutrition education, and breastfeeding promotion

Theory

A systematic way of understanding events or situations; a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict these events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables

Law

A written idea that has cleared two chambers of congress and signed by president, such as the HHFK Act

Prevention:

Actions that reduce exposure or other risks, keep people from getting sick, or keep disease from getting worse

Disaster Preparedness

Activities designed to minimize loss of life and damage, the main way of reducing impact of disasters

Disaster Prevention

Activities designed to provide permanent protection from disasters

Disaster Recovery

Activities include rebuilding infrastructure, health care and rehabilitation

Nutritional Edema

Also called kwashiorkor, it is caused by insufficient protein in the diet

Wasting

Also called marasmus, it is characterized by rapid weight loss and in its severe form can lead to death

Disaster

Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected area

Very Low Food Security

At times during the year, eating patterns of one or more household members were disrupted and food intake reduced because the household lacked money and other resources for food.

Disaster Relief

Coordinated multi-agency response to reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results

The three foods that fostered the most foodborne illnesses for Americans from 2009 to 2016 were:

Fish, dairy, chicken

Biological Hazard: virus

Includes Hepatitis A

Chemical Hazard

Includes food allergens, lubricants, and St. Anthony's Fire

Physical Hazard

Includes insect parts, filth, and animal bones

Stunting

Insufficient height gain relative to age; it implies long-term malnutrition and poor health

Underweight

Insufficient weight gain relative to age or losing weight; it implies various combinations of stunting and wasting

Ordinances

Laws in municipal codes, such as how often local food establishments should be inspected

Litigation

Lawsuits, such as suing a school board that permits schools to promote kids' consumption of Pepsi products

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Now uses EBT cards instead of stamps or coupons to allow beneficiaries to purchase food

United States Department of Agriculture

One of the federal agencies responsible for protecting the food supply

Hidden Hunger

Problems associated with the deficiency of 3 essential micronutrients

Soda, steak, seafood, birthday cake

Products that are allowable within SNAP

Vitamins, hot foods, energy drinks with supplement labels

Products that are not allowed within SNAP

Health Education

Programs designed with a community to help it know about health risks and how to reduce these risks

Bill

Proposed legislation, which could potentially include new efforts to address public health nutrition problems

Good Manufacturing Practices

Provide minimum requirements that a manufacturer must meet to assure that their products are consistently high in quality

Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations

Provides commodity foods to low-income households on Indian reservations, and to Native American families residing in designated areas near reservations

Farmers' Market Nutrition Program

Provides fresh, unprepared, locally grown fruits and vegetables from local farmers' markets to Women, Infants and Children (WIC) recipients

Supreme Court

Rules on what laws mean, how they should be applied, and the Constitutionality of laws

Team Nutrition

Serves nutritious meals and snacks to children and adults who attend eligible day care programs

In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair focused on the American meat packing industry, intending to expose the evils of capitalism and industrialization around what he called wage slavery. Sinclair tried to build support for the ________________ movement, but this attempt was not successful in the USA.

Socialist

The Emergency Food Assistance Program

Supplements diets of eligible, low-income Americans by providing emergency food and nutrition assistance

National School Lunch Program

Team Nutrition, Summer Food Service Program, and School Breakfast Programs are closely aligned with it

Public Health Surveillance

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data

Disaster Management

The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health

Environmental Health

The protection from hazards in the environment

Epidemiology:

The study of the distribution and determinants of disease or health status in a population

Food Safety Modernization Act

Transforms approach from outbreak response to prevention, and requires food facilities to evaluate the hazards in their operations

1. The seafood production increase anticipated to occur by 2021 could help the world's population to meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for the consumption of at least 8 oz of seafood per week. a. True b. False

a

A three-generation household of 3 adults and 3 kids with a total household income of $55,000 would likely be eligible for reduced-price meals from CACFP. (Family of 6, $34,590) a. True b. False

a

According to Adler et al (2016), the best available evidence suggests that a health policy framework addressing social and behavioral determinants of health would achieve better population health, less inequality, and lower costs than our current policies. a. True b. False

a

According to Adler et al (2016), the emphasis in our health system on medical treatments for acute problems has yielded benefits for some, but has also resulted in worse population health and greater health disparities than those seen in other developed nations. a. True b. False

a

According to Golem et al (2016), victims of disaster emergencies can apply for Disaster-SNAP (D-SNAP), and benefits can be issued within 3 days if the US President has declared an emergency in the area a. True b. False

a

According to http://www.federalbudgetchallenge.org/ (play the game) an argument for reducing agricultural subsidies for farmers is that the government provides overly generous subsidies. a. True b. False

a

According to http://www.federalbudgetchallenge.org/ (play the game), arguments against increasing taxes on all types of alcoholic beverages to $16 per proof gallon include that such taxes are regressive: Taxes on alcohol take up a greater percentage of earnings for low-income families than for middle- and upper-income families. a. True b. False

a

According to the Stages of Change orTranstheoretical Model, if someone intends to take action to improve their diet within the next thirty days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction, he or she would be categorized in this stage: a. Preparation b. Contemplation c. Action d. Maintenance e. Pre-contemplation

a

As a proportion (%) of the overall populations, extreme poverty has been falling worldwide for decades, but relative poverty in the USA has mostly stayed between 10 to 15% for the past half-century. a. True b.False

a

Differences in rates of disease or differences in health outcomes affecting the health status of certain racial or ethnic groups are known as: a. Racial and ethnic health disparities b. Racial and ethnic health equity c. Nutrigenomics d. Discrimination e. Racism

a

Every year, 1 out of 6 people in the United States—48 million people—suffers from foodborne illness. a. True b. False

a

Food safety issues and foodborne illness have presented health problems for humans for thousands of years, and still present challenges to public health today. a. True b. False

a

Hunger is a cause of poverty. a. True b. False

a

Hurricanes, floods, and tsunamis directly affect the availability of food, by ravaging crops, killing livestock, and destroying stored food. a. True b. False

a

If recent trends continue with US birth demographics and poverty among children, which of these is most likely: a. The proportion of people living in poverty will increase b. Poverty will be reduced in Hispanic people c. The proportion of people living in poverty will decrease d. Poverty will increase for older people e. The booming economy will reduce poverty to nearly zero

a

In addition to reinforcing previous research that shows small incentives can encourage children to eat fruits and vegetables, Loewenstein et al (2016) provided evidence suggesting that longer intervention periods may lead to greater persistence of behavior change. a. True b. False

a

In the Traissac et al (2016) study, women were much more at risk than men, from both over- and under-nutrition perspectives. a. True b. False

a

In the USA, child poverty has shown declines recently for most racial and ethnic groups, but major disparities between groups still exist. a. True b. False

a

In the article by Golem et al (2016), data collection involved all of the following EXCEPT: a. Taking inventory of alcoholic beverages, infant formula, herbs, spices b. Using handheld barcode scanners c. Conducting home visits d. Using survey or interview methods to get demographics e. Instructing participants to follow their normal food shopping routines

a

In the educational game, kids will learn that they need both entertainment and sleep items from the family room. a. True b. False

a

In the week 6 reading, Golem and colleagues (2016) found that 40% or more of the immigrant and minority households they studied would have exhausted their food supplies for the household by three days after loss of resources. a. True b. False

a

Kansas, like other states, has its own Constitution and its own Supreme Court. a. True b. False

a

Loewnstein et al (2016) demonstrated that the provision of small incentives doubled the proportion of children who were eating at least one serving of fruits or vegetables. a. True b. False

a

More than 1 out of 4 people (2 billion) in the world do not have access to basic sanitation services, such as a toilet or simple latrine. a. True b. False

a

Regarding individual-level food safety behaviors, the four simple steps include all EXCEPT: a. Document b. Chill c. Cook d. Separate e. Clean

a

Rickets is a bone malformation that can be caused by a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium. a. True b. False

a

Some recent evidence, published in the journal Science, suggests that poor people are more prone to making bad decisions and mistakes (than non-poor people), which can worsen and prolong their poverty. a. True b. False

a

The Food Safety and Modernization Act gave the Food and Drug Administration mandatory recall authority for all food products. This means that even if a food company does not want to recall a dangerous food product, FDA can force the recall to protect population health. a. True b. False

a

The Supreme Court: a. Rules on what laws mean, how they should be applied, and the Constitutionality of laws b. Has no bearing on state laws c. Can veto a bill that was passed by congress d. Once determined that a tomato is a fruit for the purposes of customs regulations e. Can negotiate treaties and recommend legislation to Congress

a

The double burden of obesity and anemia has been observed at the individual level, at the household level, and at the country level. a. True b. False

a

The poverty rate today may be compared with the poverty rate of a decade ago, knowing that the definition of what constitutes poverty has not changed. a. True b. False

a

The practice of denying services, either directly or through selectively raising prices, to residents of certain areas based on the racial or ethnic composition of those areas is specifically known as: a. Redlining b. Discrimination c. Good business practices d. Racism e. Capitalism

a

The world's leading health problem is also the principal cause of hunger. a. True b. False

a

This federal-level public health organization is part of the Department of Health and Human Services, has 14,000 employees working in 40 countries, and a budget of more than $10 billion, including about $1 billion for health promotion programs. Their mission is "to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability." a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention b. United Nations c. Unicef d. World Health Organization e. Department of Health and Environment

a

Traissac et al (2016) concluded that there is a dual need to challenge the social norms that underlie gender-based double burden of malnutrition inequalities and to tackle the consequences of sex-linked biological determinants. a. True b. False

a

U.S. Federal agencies responsible for protecting the food supply include all of the following EXCEPT: a. WHO b. CDC c. USDA d. FDA e. USDHS

a

Within the article by Warin (2018), the ethnographic vignette described by Nadine demonstrates that: a. Families are resources and the enablers of change in that they connect and build relationships with other families in ways that professionals cannot b. There is nothing that can be done to improve dietary habits because people do not eat for health c. Most families are already eating healthfully at home d. Lower income children should just eat whatever is in front of them e. Nutrition is the primary value of food

a

n relation to malnutrition, the factors sitting most upstream (root causes) include: a. Poverty and deprivation b. Poor dietary choices c. Social equality d. Incomplete starvation e. None of these

a

A major problem with SNAP is that there is no accompanying nutrition education program to help low-income households to make healthier choices for the foods they purchase. a. True b. False

b

According to Austin et al (2018) research shows that higher-income U.S. households spend more than double on weight-loss supplements compared to low-income households. a. True b. False

b

According to Austin et al (2018), new policy approaches that include taxation can only be effective to reduce health risk if consumers are educated about potentially harmful OTC drugs and supplements used for weight loss. a. True b. False

b

According to Lytle (2005; in notes), KAB Theory has shown that the best way to change behavior is to provide people with knowledge about how their behavior influences health, which then positively influences their attitude toward the behavior, and eventually leads to increases in the desired behavior. a. True b. False

b

According to Warin (2018), "...these dominant discourses about an individual's ignorance and the marked differences in food provision, types of health education and information, suggested that people's knowledge about healthy eating was less sophisticated in one locale, and that they needed to be educated with basic information and cooking lessons to help them change their 'ill-informed' eating behaviours." In this statement, the author is mainly highlighting perceived differences between: a. Urban and rural areas b. Higher and lower socio-economic areas c. Developing and developed countries d. Hipsters and the general population e. Younger and older people

b

According to Warin (2018), there is very strong evidence that interventions that try to change people's behaviors in isolation are both effective and cost-effective. a. True b. False

b

According to Young & Waddell (2016), most consumers are concerned about food safety and generally motivated to change their behaviors based on new knowledge about food safety risks. a. True b. False

b

According to http://www.federalbudgetchallenge.org (landing page) which two areas comprise about half of US federal spending in 2019? a. Social insurance taxes; other taxes b. Major health care programs; social security c. Debt; deficit d. Individual income taxes e. Income security; interest

b

Adler et al (2016) argued that only policies focused specifically and primarily on health have the potential to reduce health disparities and improve the health and longevity of all Americans. a. True b. False

b

Adler et al (2016) stated that socioeconomic disparities underlie other bases of health disparities, which means that racial and ethnic health disparities are completely explained by poverty and differences in income. a. True b. False

b

As a proportion (%) of the overall populations, extreme poverty has been falling worldwide since 1990, but relative poverty in the USA has been increasing since 1959. a. True b. False

b

Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) provides free nutritious meals and snacks to children and adults who attend eligible day care programs, regardless of household income. a. True b. False

b

Congregate meal services can include the use of USDA commodities that are delivered to the homes of disaster victims. a. True b. False

b

Due to the passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act, it is now very likely that CDC will hit its goal of reducing Campylobacter cases to zero by 2020. a. True b. False

b

Environmental and sustainability factors are incompatible with dietary guidelines as the health of individuals and the health of the environment relate to a different set of priorities and concerns. a. True b. False

b

Examples of __________________________ emergencies include break-down of authority, looting, conflict, and war (maybe even a zombie apocalypse). a. Natural b. Complex c. Environmental d. Pandemic e. Vector-borne

b

In most disasters, the provision of food and provision of water are the first and highest priorities among disaster relief activities. a. True b. False

b

In the USA in 1900, one of the top three causes of death was: a. Alzheimer's disease b. Tuberculosis (or consumption) c. Snake bite d. Cancer e. Old age

b

Mostly due to public health efforts, life expectancy decreased from 1900 until the end of the 20th Century by about 30 years. a.True b.False

b

Public reaction to reading The Jungle led directly to the Food Quality Protection Act of 1966. a. True b. False

b

Racism may impact health through all of the following EXCEPT: a. Discrimination can lead to reduced access to desirable goods and services. b. Racism can create conditions that decrease exposure to traditional stressors. c. Segregation can create pathogenic residential conditions. d. Internalized racism (acceptance of society's negative characterization) can adversely affect health. e. Experiences of discrimination may be a neglected psychosocial stressor.

b

SNAP eligibility has recently been extended to undocumented non-citizens; this decision has been very controversial. a. True b. False

b

Somewhat like a 3-ring circus, American governments--from the local level to the state level to the federal level--typically have executive, judicial, and parliamentary branches that are co-equal. a. True b. False

b

The 3 major functions or core functions of public health include primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. a. True b. False

b

The 3 major functions or core functions of public health include: a. Eliminate health disparities, promote access, & evaluate interventions b. Assurance, policy development, & assessment c. Surveillance, disease prevention, & health promotion d. Epidemiology, disaster preparedness, & education e. Primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention

b

The Determinants of Health consist mainly of genetics (family history) and personal choices, which suggests that public health efforts should focus mainly each individual's personal choices. a. True b. False

b

The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model has been designed in collaboration with key leaders from the fields of health, public health, education, and school health—to strengthen a unified and collaborative approach designed to prioritize learning over children's health in our nation's schools. a. True b. False

b

The absolute poverty threshold in the developing world is set at $14.40/day. a. True b. False

b

The community level of the Social-Ecological Model pertains to family, friends, and social networks. a. True b. False

b

The findings of the study by Austin et al (2018) suggest that a 20% tax on prescription weight-loss drugs and dietary supplements may lead to a nearly 100% reduction in purchasing by households with children ages 12 to 17 years old present. a. True b. False

b

The level of prevention that involves early detection of the potential for development of a disease or condition is called: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Preclusionary intervention

b

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data is known as: a. Biostatistics b. Public health surveillance c. Assessment and policy development d. Governmental overreach e. Nutritional epidemiology

b

The purpose of policy is to provide for consensus, flexibility, and local control. a. True b. False

b

Traissac and colleagues (2016) defined anemia in females as a hemoglobin level below 130 grams per liter. a. True b. False

b

Which of the following is not a risk factor for food insecurity? a. Households with children b. Households with multiple adults and no children c. Low-income households d. Black non-Hispanic households e. Hispanic households

b

Which of these core concepts is NOT a part of the Social Cognitive Theory? a. Behavioral capability: knowledge and skill to perform a behavior b. Normative beliefs: beliefs about the extent to which other people who are important to them think they should or should not perform particular behaviors c. Observational learning: watching the actions and outcomes of others' behavior to learn d. Expectations: anticipated outcomes of a behavior e. Self-Efficacy: situation-specific confidence to take action

b

Which of these is something a public health professional is least likely to do in their profession? a. Assess and monitor the health of the population b. Conduct phase I clinical trials for a new medication c. Formulate public health policies d. Connect people to needed health services e. Promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability

b

Young and Waddell (2016) found that consumers generally did not perceive that they were at risk of contracting foodborne illness due to food prepared at home. From our week 5 material, which of the following behavior change approaches may be particularly useful for influencing consumer perception of risk for foodborne illness? a. Transtheoretical model b. Health Belief model c. Theory of Planned Behavior d. Social-Ecological model e. Social Cognitive theory

b

Young and Waddell (2016), found that some unsafe food handling behaviors were followed despite people being aware of recommended practices. This finding illustrates which particular behavior change issue, discussed in week 5? a. Situation specific confidence b. Knowledge-behavior gap c. Cravings and habit formation d. Will power e. Social norms

b

A single parent from Kansas working full time (40 hours per week, 52 weeks per year), with 2 kids, would need to earn at least ______ per hour to be above the official poverty threshold. (3 person family, $21,330) a. $7.25 b. $21,331 c. $10.26 d. $15.20 e. $5.84

c

A study by Scarborough and colleagues found that a reduction of ____ percent of dietary meat and dairy along with replacement by fruits, vegetables and cereals contributed most to decreasing risk of total mortality, while also having the largest positive environmental impact. a. 100 b. 67 c. 50 d. 33 e. 10

c

According to Adler et al (2016), health insurance generally omits access to all but emergency dental services and provides less access to dental care than to medical care. These authors stated that services covered by the policies should include dental care because oral health problems can trigger or exacerbate other health problems, such as: a. Dermatitis and psoriasis b. Cholera and giardia c. Heart disease and pulmonary disease d. Pneumonia and tuberculosis e. Type 1 diabetes and obesity

c

In the article by Loewnstein et al (2016), Figure 1 shows that the proportion of children eating at least one serving of fruits and vegetables: a. Was highest 1 month after incentives b. Was highest at all times for the groups receiving incentives for 3 weeks c. Showed a sustained impact for 2 months after incentives, as compared to base d. Continued to go down, despite the incentives given e. Never got above 60%

c

The three U.S. branches of government are: a. Bills, resolutions, and laws b. Senate, house of representatives, and parliament c. Legislative, executive, and judicial d. Legislative, administrative regulation, and litigation e. Defense, healthcare, and social security

c

Which of these core concepts is a part of the Theory of Planned Behavior? a. Contemplation b. Opportunity c. Perceived behavioral control d. Perceived severity of disease e. Self-efficacy

c

Which of these items from the bedroom would be taken in an emergency? a. Sturdy shoes, underclothes, soccer ball b. Warm clothes, underclothes, slippers c. Underclothes, warm clothes, sturdy shoes d. A comfort object, a book, sturdy shoes e. Water, candy, beef jerky

c

A system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how we look, that unfairly disadvantages some individuals and communities is: a. Redlining b. Discrimination c. Good business practices d. Racism e. Capitalism

d

According to Mello et al (2006; in notes), the three legal mechanisms that could be used specifically to reduce obesity, or more generally to improve public health include: a. Bills, resolutions, and laws b. Senate, house of representatives, and parliament c. Legislative, executive, and judicial d. Legislative, administrative regulation, and litigation e. Defense, healthcare, and social security

d

According to Pine and Fletcher (2014; in notes) existing behavior change interventions remain heavily predicated on an information deficit model. This model assumes that: a. People do not know how to be healthy b. People need to be educated about their health c. After education, people will do the right thing for their health d. Any or all of the above is/are assumed e. None of these is assumed

d

According to Traissac et al (2016), the double burden of obesity and anemia has been observed: a. At the country level b. Within the same household c. At the individual level d. All of these e. None of these

d

According to the SNE(B) document (2009), nutrition education interventions are more likely to be effective if they do the following: a. Focus on the KAB Theory b. Involve a single component using an individualized approach c. Target general lifestyle behaviors or practices d. Devote sufficient time and intensity e. All of these

d

Characteristics of a useful theory---A useful theory makes assumptions about a behavior, health problem, target population, or environment that are: a. Similar to those used in previous successful programs b. Consistent with everyday observations c. Supported by past research in the same area or related ideas d. All of the above e. None of the above

d

Differences in rates of disease or differences in health outcomes affecting the health status of certain racial or ethnic groups provide an example of: a. Redlining b. Discrimination c. Racism d. Health Disparities e. Genetic misfortune

d

In the article by Golem et al (2016), the loss of resources affecting adequate food supply include: a. Water b. Fuel c. Power d. All e. None

d

In the study by Traissac et al (2016), which of the following was not one of the findings? a. Underweight was rare among women b. Overall mean BMI was high, and two-thirds of women were overweight c. Men were about 7 times less like to have the double burden compared to women d. 38% of women aged 40-49 were anemia

d

Loewnstein et al (2016) used an incentive consisting of: a. Extra credit in science b. Extra recess c. Points towards a pizza party d. A special coin that had a picture of an apple and carrot on it e. Money to purchase candy or other junk food

d

Mostly due to public health efforts, life expectancy increased from 1900 until the end of the 20th Century by about __________ years. a. 13 b. 12 c. 21 d. 30 e. 3

d

The purpose of policy is to: a. Allocate institutional assets b. Create rural exodus, soil erosion, and climate change c. Provide for consensus, flexibility, and local control d. Guide or control institutional or community behavior e. Sort out conflicts, determine Constitutionality of laws

d

Warin's (2018) ethnographic fieldwork included all of the following except: a. Participant observation in home b. Community cooking, nutrition, and exercise classes c. Eating and cooking with people d. Administering food frequency questionnaires to people e. Shopping, gardening, exercising, and even dumpster diving

d

Which of the following is NOT applicable to The Food Safety and Modernization Act? a. It was the first major update of federal food safety laws since 1938 b. It should improve the safety of imported foods c. It provides a mandate to require comprehensive, prevention-based controls across the food supply d. It transforms the food safety approach from prevention to outbreak response e. It recognizes importance of strengthening collaboration of food safety agencies

d

Young and Waddell (2016) found that facilitators of safe food handling practices included all of the following EXCEPT: a. Concern about the cost and inconvenience of foodborne illness b. Willingness to change behaviors if practical constraints were minimized or removed c. Media stories and coverage increase food safety awareness d. Disagreement with some recommendations for safe food handling e. Willingness to learn more about food safety

d

"The history of ___________________ might well be written as a record of successive re-definings of the unacceptable." a. The medical police b. Health promotion c. Medicine d. Epidemiology e. Public health

e

"The history of public health might well be written as a record of successive re-definings of the ____________________." a. Meaning of disease b. Meaning of good health c. Population d. Line between private and public e. Unacceptable

e

According to Austin et al (2018), imposing excise taxes or sales taxes has been shown to be a successful strategy to decrease consumption of which of the following? a. Products known to have negative health effects b. Sugar-sweetened beverages c. Alcohol d. Tobacco e. All of these f. None of these

e

According to FEMA and ARC, a disaster supply kit should include all of the following EXCEPT: a. A manual can opener b. Tools, pet supplies, a map of the local area, and other items to meet your unique family needs c. 3-day supply of water d. 3-day supply of non-perishable foods e. A small caliber handgun

e

According to Studdert et al (2015; in notes), the the main regulatory approaches related to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) include: a. Taxes on SSBs b. Restriction on SSB availability in schools c. Restrictions on advertising d. Restrictions on marketing e. All of these f. None of these

e

According to Young & Waddell (2016), why is it hard to know the specific proportion of foodborne disease that can be attributed to household preparation and consumption of food? a. Lack of consistent reporting b. Lack of routine reporting c. Limited mechanisms to capture these data d. Current surveillance systems are limited e. All f. None

e

As the world's leading health problem, poverty is associated with: a. Unsafe water and sanitation b. Inferior health care c. High infant mortality and childhood deaths d. Lower life expectancy among adults e. All of these

e

Evidence has shown that a diet high in these foods offers the most health and environmental benefits: a. Legumes, nuts, seeds b. Grass-fed beef, raw dairy, wild-caught fish c. Vegetables, fruits, whole grains d. Poultry, low-fat dairy e. A and C

e

In the United States, this is the type of poverty we describe when we say that about 1 in 5 children lives below the poverty line: a. Fake poverty b. Absolute poverty c. Food poverty d. Intergenerational poverty e. Relative poverty

e

Lytle (2005; in notes) asserted that: Nutrition educators need to consider behavior change theories are a definitive "recipe" that, if followed closely and precisely, will result in a highly predictable outcome a. Nutrition education should be focused only at the policy level b. The KAB theory helped us understand that change in knowledge was closely related to and predictive of behavior change c. The most effective ways of promoting healthful eating is through price changes and laws d. The goal of our nutrition education theories ... is ... to help create conditions that facilitate more healthful individual choice and more supportive social and physical environments for making more healthful choices

e

Nutrition education can be found within all of these EXCEPT: a.Team Nutrition b. SNAP c. National School Lunch Program d. WIC e. National Food Fortification Program

e

Policies that improve the overall social and economic well-being of individuals and families will reverberate across a variety of health outcomes and help to achieve health equity. Which of these was NOT an example that Adler et al (2016) provided for discussing areas of improvement in such policies? a. Federal minimum wage, currently —$7.25 per hour. b. Earned income tax credit, which provides cash transfers to low- to moderate-income working people, particularly those who have children. c. Home-visiting programs in pregnancy and for parents of young children. d. Criminal justice and sentencing policies. The US incarceration rate is higher than that of any other country. e. Guaranteed minimum income, a system of social welfare provision that guarantees that all citizens or families have an income sufficient to live on, provided they meet certain conditions.

e

Strictly enforcing current food labeling laws demonstrates which of the core functions of public health? a. Medicare spending b. Treating chronic disease c. Assessment and policy development d. Health Insurance e. Assurance

e

Which of the following public health organizations was instrumental in helping thousands of farmers to reclaim fertile river land for growing crops and simultaneously to prevent river blindness? a. Kansas Department of Health and Environment b. Center for Disease Control & Prevention c. Riley County Health Department d. The Red Cross e. World Health Organization

e

Which of these examples is NOT part of the social determinants of health? a. Cleanliness of our water, food, and air b. Resources and supports available in our homes and neighborhoods c. The conditions in which we live d. Access to social and economic opportunities e. Pathophysiologic pathways

e

Which of these is NOT one of the three legal mechanisms that could be used specifically to reduce obesity, according to Mello et al (2006; in notes). a. Making laws b. Lawsuits c. Legislation d. Administrative regulation e. Expansion of the executive powers

e

Which two areas comprise about half of US federal spending in

e

Which two areas comprise about half of US federal spending in 2019? a. Military and defense b. Taxes and revenues c. Deficits and debt d. Food stamps and WIC e. Social security and major health care programs

e

According to Table 4 in the article by Austin et al (2018), a simulated 20% tax effect* would likely increase diuretic purchases for which type of households? a. Age 18-25 yr old present b. Daughter present c. Single females d. Race other e. All of these f. None of these

f