public speaking chapter 10

What are main and subordinate points?

Main points are the central themes of a speech; the key ideas that serve as the outline's framework; the subtopics directly supporting the thesis. Subordinate points are information supportive of the main points in a speech; the foundation on which larger ideas are constructed.

What is the purpose of transitions? Where should they be in your outline?

Transitions work as bridges from idea to idea. They should be between different ideas in the outline.

What is an extemporaneous outline?

an outline containing brief notes, also known as speaker notes, to remind the speaker of key parts of the speech and references

Why should you use an outline?

confirm clarity of both the purpose statement and thesis; critique construction of both main and subpoints; identify placement of transitions or idea connectors

full sentence outline

elaborates main and subpoints

coordinate points

points in an outline that are of equal weight or substance

What are the stages of outlining?

preliminary working outline, full sentence, and extemporaneous

extemporaneous outline

speaker's notes, used when delivering a speech

chronological transitions

transitions that help in understanding the time relationship between ideas

causal transitions

transitions that help show the cause-and-effect relationships between ideas

complementary transitions

transitions that help the speaker add one idea to the next

contrasting transitions

transitions that show how the idea that follows differs from the ones that precede it

make your speech seamless by

using transitions, using internal previews, using internal summaries, and using signposts

preliminary working outline

words or phrases identifying a speech's points

parallelism

words, phrases, or sentences that parallel or balance each other; repetition of words, phrases, or sentences

What are internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts?

Internal preview is a speech segment that helps the speaker hold a speech together by indicating what to look for as a speech progresses. Internal summary is a speech segment that helps the speaker clarify or emphasize what was said. Signposts are signaling cues designed to help focus the attention of receivers.

create an outline that works for you by

establishing your main points, supporting main points with subordinate points, using coordinate points, exhibiting parallelism, and labeling all parts