Public Speaking quiz #2
6 tips for using statistics
-use statistics to quantify your ideas -use statistics sparingly -identify the sources of your statistics -explain your statistics -round off complicated statistics -use visual aids to clarify statistical trends
5 basic patterns of organization main points in speech
Chronological order, spatial corder, casual order, problem-solution order, topical order
Why is it so easy to lie with statistics? What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?
Numbers can be easily manipulated and distorted.
peer testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
main points
the major points developed in the body of a speech (2-5)
premlimarary bibliography
a list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful info about a speech topic
internal summary
a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points
3 kinds of examples
brief, extended, hypothetical
4 kinds of speech connections
transition, internal preview, internal summary, signpost
5 tips for using examples in your speech
clarify ideas, vivid and rich, personalize your ideas, reinforce ideas, enhance extended examples
Transition
indicates speaker has finished one thought and is moving to another
Citing Sources Orally
name of document author, sponsoring organization qualifications date
What is testimony?
quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Taking Research Notes
-take plenty of notes -record notes in a consistent format -make a separate entry for each note -distinguish among direct quotes, paraphrases, and your own ideas
Why do you need supporting materials for your speech?
The materials used to support a speakers ideas. The three kinds are examples, testimony, and statistics.
internal preview
a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next
signpost
a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas
evaluating documents
authorship, sponsorship, recency
your knowledge
drawing on personal experience
supporting materials
evidence needed to support speakers ideas
tips for preparing notes
keep points separate, try for some pattern wording, balance time devoted to each
5 resources for finding what you need in the library
librarians, catalogue, reference works, newspapers, academic database