PY 100 test 2
according to Aaron beck, a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam
"I am so stupid. There is no way I can pass this course"
Which of the following can be categorized as a secondary emotion
Shame
The flight-or-fight response helps people cope with
danger
Which of the following is not a psychosexual stage of development
erogenous
Bandura's reciprocal determinism theory of personality includes all of the factors except ____ factors
Trait
Which of the following statements is true about dieting behavior
dieting is typically counterproductive for long-term weight loss
Aline is sitting in a physician's office and has just been told that a nurse will be coming in to measure her BMI. Aline is not familiar with the term "BMI" and starts to panic. How should her mother reassure her about BMI tests?
"Relax; they are just going to measure your height and weight"
Noor and Ahmad, 4-year-old twins, are shopping with their mother. She offers to buy them each a small cookie now or a large toy later if they are good during the shopping trip. Noor takes the cookie, but Ahmad waits for the toy. Based on this, who will be more successful in high school?
Ahmad, because he can delay gratification
Jim has a negative attitude toward healthy eating. Jim's doctor describes research showing that healthy eating can help him live longer. Jim pays very close attention and thinks very carefully about his doctor's statements and then changes his attitude toward healthy eating. Jim has changed his attitude based on the ________ route to persuasion.
Central
Dr. Vissage accurately describes the relationship between panic attacks and agoraphobia in which of the following statements?
NOT having panic attacks has little to do with the development of agoraphobia
People from a variety of cultures are able to look at facial expressions and identify emotions like happiness and surprise. This evidence that facial expressions for emotions are universal suggests that
Facial expression of emotions is biologically built in
After trying new foods, Roger comes to a conclusion that he dislikes oysters but enjoys brussels sprouts because he has always believed that vegetables are healthier foods to eat than oysters. Which of the following statements can best explain his preferences?
He came to dislike oysters because he has a simple attitude
A political candidate wants to create a long-lasting positive image. According to the elaboration likelihood model, the candidate would use commercials
NOT with catchy slogans and attention-grabbing graphics
Which person is most likely to have a sense of self largely defined by his social roles and group relationships
Miko, who was raised in Japan
Which person is most likely to have a sense of self that is based on his feeling of being unique from others
NOT Ibrahim, who grew up in Pakistan
Kelly is studying for her introductory psychology exam and is struggling to learn the personality disorders. Her roommate helps her by explaining that all of the following disorders are part of the anxious cluster (cluster C) EXCEPT
NOT avoidant
On the advice of social psychologists, a technology company decides to pay an unreasonable amount of money to a well-liked celebrity to promote a new product. The company is taking the ________ route of persuasion and using ________ conditioning to make potential customers develop a positive attitude about the product.
NOT central;classical
women experiencing eating disorders more often than men. This fact is evidence for the idea that ____ factors can influence psychopathology
NOT dimensional
why do researchers suggest that one way to avoid getting an STI is to avoid drug and alcohol use?
NOT drugs and alcohol can directly result in transmission of STIs by strengthening the virus, bacteria, or parasites that cause the disease
depression is sometimes referred to as "the common cold of psychological disorders" because
NOT even if a person gets over it, he or she can expect to get it again
Eysenck's trait theory proposes that personality traits have all of the following dimensions EXCEPT
NOT extroversion/introversion
which of the following is a major risk factor of heart disease?
NOT genetic predisposition
Marco is a college student who is highly concerned with what other people think about him. He regularly tries to show off his good qualities in hopes that others have a good impression of him. Due to his concerns, he is more likely to be depressed or anxious. Marco's concerns are consistent with ___ goals
NOT grit
Two women, Jackie and Roberta, ask Katie out. Although she likes both of them, Katie decides to go out with Jackie. Afterward, she starts to notice more positive qualities about Jackie and more negative qualities about Roberta. Katie's new attitude is most likely a result of
NOT justification of effort
You are trying to decide which of two horses in a race to bet on. After you make your decision, you are likely to be ___ sure about the horse you bet on because of ___
NOT less; postdecisional dissonance
When he misses lunch, August knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency. Pretty soon, he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat. August was motivated to eat because he experienced the psychological state called a(n) ________, which will reduce his state of deficiency.
NOT need
Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
NOT parasites
Recently, Miriam's violin instructor tells her that she has to practice three hours a day for a competition. Although Miriam usually practices more than three hours, she suddenly finds that she enjoys playing a lot less. Self-determination theory suggests that Miriam's sudden loss of interest happened because
NOT playing has become work, not pleasure
Maya finds her customer service job to be frustrating and stressful. She tells her friend Jeff about her negative experience at work, and he tells her to force herself to smile while she is at work, an idea he learned in his phychology class. When Maya tries smiling at work, she finds her job less frustrating and even begins to enjoy it some days. The idea that Jeff shared with Maya is most like the
NOT reappraisal principle
You are recruiting part-time tutors for an elementary school. According to research findings about the insufficient justification effect, a successful strategy to increase the commitment of these tutors would be to pay them a
NOT salary that increases over time
For the past several weeks, Hugh has had a vague sense of irritability. He does not know why he is feeling this way, but it seems to be affecting how he thinks about his job and how he acts at work. Hugh's irritability is best categorized as a
NOT secondary emotion
Blaine, who plays high school football, considers himself to be both athletic and shy. When he attends a pep rally for the football team, he is more likely to view himself as athletic because his immediate experience and environment make that the most relevant self-description. Blaine's view of himself as athletic at the pep rally is an example
NOT self-schema
Women in developing countries, such as India, Brazil, and Chile, experience more _____ than women in developed countries
NOT specific phobias
Mr. Powell, a white man who does not believe that racial discrimination is a problem in his community, feels most comfortable crossing the street to avoid a black man wearing a hooded sweatshirt. Mr. Powell is displaying
NOT subtyping
Lisa believes that drinking alcohol is wrong. However, her boyfriend, Mike, likes to drink beer after work. Instead of breaking up with Mike, she decides that drinking alcohol is not so bad after all. Lisa's attitude most likely changed because of
NOT the actor/observer bias
Timo does not have many memories of his early childhood. However, one thing he remembers clearly is when he broke his favorite toy. He remembers crying for days when his parents would not replace it. This childhood memory may be especially clear for Timo because
NOT the hypothalamus stores emotions from childhood
Susan is looking at a photograph of herself taken by a friend and deciding whether she should use the true photographic image or the mirror image as the wallpaper on her smartphone. According to social psychology research. Susan will most likely perfer the ___ image because of ___
NOT true photographic; the mere exposure effect
Remmy is watching a tragic love story at the movie theater. She notices feelings of sadness come over her, followed by tears filling her eyes. The idea that our minds are quick to process emotions but our bodies take a few seconds longer is consistent with the
NOT two-factor theory or James-Lange theory
According to the diathesis-stress model, mental disorders are caused by both _____ and stress
NOT unconscious conflicts
After finishing elementary school, Mia moved to a new school district for middle school. Almost none of her friends from elementary school came with her to the new school. She feels anxious and quickly joins an after-school club. What motive may be driving Mia's behavior
Need to belong
Dr. Black is interviewing a client. The client displays only the following symptoms: he rarely responds to the doctor's questions, shows no emotions, and does not make eye contact. Is Dr. Black able to make a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
No, because he is only displaying one of the five major symptoms
When Valerie leaves her house, she experiences unwelcome thoughts that make her nervous, so she engages in repetitive behaviors that make her feel calmer so she can get into her car. Based on this, Valerie is most likely to be diagnosed with ______________________.
OCD
Paloma's parents spent a great deal of time with her when she was growing up; they always made her feel loved and valued. Erhard's parents loved him, but they were always busy and distant. As an adult, who is likely to experience more guilt, and why?
Paloma, because she has likely developed a greater ability to empathize with other
Which of the following is a true statement about how some STIs can be transmitted from person to person
Sharing hypodermic needles that were used by an infected person can transmit HIV
When re-creating Mischel's famous marshmallow delay-of gratification study, Art finds that children who successfully wait to eat the marshmallow are least likely to
Stare at the marshmallow
Research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that one in four people between the ages of 15 and 24 have an STI. If you are a part of this age group, why is this statistic especially relevant to you and others your age?
With so many people carrying infections, the likelihood of your sex partner having an STI is greatly increased.
Arianna refuses to eat, has stopped bathing, has quit going to work and paying bills, and no longer talks to people. Should Arianna be diagnosed with a mental disorder?
Yes, her behavior is maladaptive
One of your roommates comes from a small rural town and the other is from a large city. Does this factor affect their probability of experiencing a schizophrenic episode?
Yes, the person from the urban area may be at higher risk for developing schizophrenia
Ralph sometimes experiences disruptions to his identity, memory, and conscious awareness. Because of this he may be diagnosed with
a dissociative disorder
In some cases, the mania in bipolar I is so severe it results in psychosis, which is
a failure to recognize reality
Ted was diagnosed at age 18 with severe schizophrenia. His functioning has progressively gotten worse since his diagnosis. Compared with people who have more mild cases of schizophrenia, neuroimaging of Ted's brain would reveal that he has
a reduced amount of brain tissue
Behaving in a way that confirms your own or other peoples expectations is referred to as
a self-fulfilling prophecy
General adaptation syndrome proposes three levels of stress resistance. Which of the following lists the correct order of stages
alarm-resistance-exhaustion
It is not uncommon for us to hold stereotypes toward people. The main advantage of forming a stereotype is that it ________. The main disadvantage is that it ________.
allows for rapid mental processing; can potentially lead to errors
Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person's facial expressions. Her friends worry that she can no longer processes the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona's
amagdala
Shyla is considering going to the Halloween dance. She thinks about how she would feel regret if she did not attend, and she thinks about how she would be happy and excited to hang out with her friends if she did attend, so she decides to go. This example illustrates how
anticipating emotions helps us make decisions
Thoughts and behaviors affect the environment. The environment affects human biology. In turn, biology affects behavior. This description fits the ____ model of health psychology
biopsychosocial
Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of ______ disorders. However, clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it ____
bipolar; reduces their positive feelings
Shana wants to establish an exercise routine, but she really does not like to work out. If she decides to use incentives to motivate her exercising behavior, which of the following is Shana most likely to do?
buy herself a new pair of shoes after exercising every day for two weeks
if someone wants to create an attitude that will last a long time, he or she should use the ___ route of persuasion. If someone wants to create an attitude that will last only a short time, he or she should use the route of persuasion
central; peripheral
Jenn is daydreaming during class about what she will eat for dessert tonight. She decides she will make chocolate cake, and her mouth begins to water just thinking about how delicious it will taste. Her mouth-watering response is due to
classical conditioning
Peter is a clinical psychologist. When determining whether a client's behavior shows psychopathology, he should use all of the following criteria EXCEPT whether the
client recognizes that he or she has a disorder
Casey eats a lot of junk food. She knows the negative consequences of her diet, but she rationalizes her behavior by saying the junk food helps her deal with her anxiety. Casey is using this explanation because she is uncomfortable with the inconsistency between her behavior and her beliefs. Which of the following principles explains Casey's explanation the best?
cognitive dissonance
Children raised to have connections with their family and follow societal norms are more likely to be from a _____ culture
cohesive
Ria's parents have raised her to follow group norms, obey authority, and to not challenge or complain about her status in society. Ria is probably being raised as a member of a _____ culture
collectivist
You believe that eating fried food is bad for your health, but you eat fried chicken often. In this case, you have an _____ attitude about eating fried food
complex
When Ellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from Britain, she is worried that her roommate will be stiff and reserved. Ellen is surprised when Diana turns out to be upbeat and friendly. Diana's behavior goes against Ellen's beliefs about how people from Britain express emotions and have violated her
cultural display rules
for evolutionary reasons, men and women may vary in their expression and emotions. For example, men are more likely to express ___, whereas women are more likely to express ___
defensiveness; nurturance
Trait theories of personality differ from psychodynamic and humanistic approaches because they
describe behavioral tendencies that are consistent over time
Hal is a police officer who believes that all elderly people are bad drivers. He issues tickets to a lot of elderly drivers. The way that Hal unfairly targets and punishes elderly drivers is best described as
discrimination
Japanese student were shown film clips designed to provoke strong emotions. When Toko watched the clop with other people present, she showed little outward emotion. When Toko watched the clips alone, she showed the same strong emotions observed in American college students. The difference in what Toko considers to be acceptable emotional expression shows the influence of
display rules
Caroline acts strangely and it interferes with her life. She uses an old grocery cart to collect trash from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently talks to herself in public. Caroline is most likely
displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia
Jie recently got out of a bad relationship and she is excited to be single again. Jie's friend, Nico, suggests that he would interpret that excitement negatively, if it were he. Excitement, in this example, is an ___ because it is subjective and personal relative to the individual experiencing it
emotion
According to the elaboration likelihood model, persuasion occurs through the ____ routes
emotional and rational
Milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he "increases his brain volume" he will do better in the competition. Which of the following actions should Milo take to increase his brain volume?
exercise
An active and conscious effort to change an attitude by sending a message is referred to as:
persuasion
Sam does not try hard at work, because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted. According to expectancy theory, Sam most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.
external
Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation, which is her goal. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation.
extrinsic; intrinsic
On the TV show Lie to Me, the lead character sis an expert at reading people's emotions through their expressions. When asked how he does it, the lead character claims that he used people's _____ to give him the best cues as to how they are feeling
eyes
an active and conscious effort to change an attitude by sending a message is referred to as
persuasion
At a potluck, everyone brings his or her favorite dish to share. Gavin decides to avoid the foods he has never heard or before and instead eats only the macaroni and cheese he brought to the party. In this example, Gavin eating food he prepared himself suggests that he is most influenced by
familiarity
Because Simone works with clients who have anxiety disorders, she knows that the key characteristic of this group of mental disorder is
feelings of increasing nervousness in the absence of threat
Anik's id is a very dominant force in his personality. Which of the following is Anik most likely to do
follow his impulses when making decisions
When explaining other people's behavior, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situation factors is referred to as the
fundamental attribution error
Claude Bouchard found that identical twins have similar weights regardless of whether they are raised together or apart. This study provides evidence for the idea that
genes play an important role in weight gain
Kristine is experiencing some depression and memory problems. To reduce both of these, Kristin's doctor is most likely to recommend
getting exercise
Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses, the hungrier she feels. This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________, which triggers feelings of hunger.
ghrelin
Troy finds it very hard to lose weight, but he readily gains weight. No matter how hard he exercises, he keeps putting on pounds. He thinks that he has a genetic predisposition to weight gain, most likely making him insensitive to the hunger suppressing effects of
ghrelin
Robert becomes anxious during exams. He has found that chewing on the eraser on his pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down. Over time, Robert's pencil chewing is likely to become a(n)
habit
Julia is non-Western international student studying in the United States. When her American teacher tries to make eye contact with her, Julia always looks away. The best explanation for Julia's reaction is that she
has different norms from teacher for having eye contact
Julia has contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Julia may have contracted the STI from any of the following activities EXCEPT
having a PAP test
Greg is a parent who wants to apply a person-centered approach to raising his son Isaac. Which of the following things should Greg do?
he should love and support Isaac no matter how he behaves
Which of the following conditions is an effect of chronic smoking
heart disease
Our ability to fulfill our potential through greater self-understanding is part of the ________ approach to personality.
humanistic
Upon visiting his doctor, Ted is surprised to learn he has a brain tumor. This may explain why Ted cannot stop eating and eats as much food as possible. Ted may have a tumor in the part of his brain called the
hypothalamus
Tom was hungry, so he went to a fast-food restaurant. He did not have any money, so when a young girl left her burger unattended, Tom quickly grabbed her burger and left. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, his actions were most likely driven by his
id
Ken wants a new music album but does not want to buy it. He knows that he can download it for free but that doing so is illegal. Or he can buy just a few tracks online. Ken wants to steal the music but knows it is wrong. According to psychodynamic theory, Ken has a conflict between his ___ and ___
id; superego
when Marcus rides the elevator at work, he always stands facing the back of the elevator car. although this goes against standard social practice and makes his coworkers uncomfortable, it is more likely to be psychopathology if it is
impairing good daily functioning
When attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level they are called ___ attitudes
implicit
when you make a downward comparison, it will typically _____ self-esteem
increase your own
Sydney, who is currently in a good mood, has been asked about her life satisfaction. According to the affect-as-information theory, Sydney will most likely respond that she.
is generally happy with her life
Frank believes that he is more valuable and special than anyone else. As a result, he feels he is entitled to special treatment, focuses mainly on his own needs, and gets angry when anyone challenges him. Frank most likely
is narcissistic
Though it appears to be negative, guilt can actually serve to protect and strengthen our interpersonal relationships. All of the following are examples of this protective concept except when guilt
is used to manipulate others
Current genetic research has found that bipolar disorder has a strong and complex genetic component. Perhaps one reason that the genetic component of bipolar disorder is so strong is that
it is probably linked to more than one gene
Tamera and Kai found a house they want to buy. The day they found it, they had been having a wonderful time house hunting and planning their life together. A few days later, after having a miserable day at work, Kai goes back to look at the house again. Tamera predicts that Kai will like the house ___ because of ___
less; affect-as-information theory
Brad and Gloria met on an online dating site. Gloria describes herself as secure, calm in stressful situations, and rarely angry. According to the Big Five trait theory, Gloria is most likely
low in neuroticism
When people are going into military combat, adjusting to a new marriage, or starting a new job they are most likely experiencing
major life stressors
The main reason that people make attributions that reflect the just world hypothesis is that these explanations
make them feel safer
Dr. Arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease. Based on this, she will most likely recommend that a client with heart disease uses __________ to treat the illness.
medication and exercise
Mr. Griffin has a class full of students with high achievement motivation. To help these students do well on his calculus exam, Mr. Griffin should write questions that are
moderately difficult
Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking
motivation
Today is Bridget's first day of college. She is excited to conquer this new challenge. Bridget, along with other students who are high in achievement motivation, is more likely to choose a seat
near the front of the classroom
Dwight is very apathetic toward others. He does not show much outward emotion, his speech is slow, and he speaks in a monotone. If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms.
negative
Exercise increases the productivity and growth of
neurons
the current edition of the DSM-5 describes disorders in terms of
observable symptoms
Evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to becoming regular smokers than others. One factor involves
parents and peers who smoke
researchers have found that the physical expression of pride tends to be more biologically based than culturally specific. Each of the following research findings support this claim except
people in isolated communities cannot identify expressions of pride on the faces of people who are outside of their culture
New Smoke wants to market its e-cigarettes to young adults, so it decides to create an ad using an attractive celebrity couple. By using well-known, high-status people to influence its audience and deliver its message, the company is using the ________ route of persuasion to increase e-cigarette sales.
peripheral
A mood disorder characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods that persists for two years or more is called
persistent depressive disorder
which of the following information is least likely to be communicated by the face
personal attributions
Bruno is typically shy, likes working on computers, and tends to worry about the future. Bruno's many unchanging characteristics across time and situations are referred to as his
personality
Rose is explaining the different theories of emotion to his younger brother. When describing the two-factor theory, he explains that a situation causes a
physiological response that is followed by a physiological label
negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs based on a generalized set of ideas about a group of people are known as
prejudice
attributions about other people's behavior can vary in each of the following dimensions except
primary or secondary
Health psychologists investigate
promoting health and well-being
for which of the following groups would an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, be most typical
race and class may not be important risk factors for these conditions
Tyra is tall and very thin and appears to be anorexic. She justifies her weight by saying that she is small boned. Tyra's sensible excuse for her eating habits is an example of the ________ defense mechanism.
rationalization
Dominic is watching a horror movie at the movie theater. His heart is racing, he feels scared, and he considers leaving to calm down. Instead, he begins to think about how the blood in the movie is not real and the people are only actors. Dominic is using which strategy to regulate his emotions?
reappraisal
Gwen has always experienced extreme anxiety regarding tests. After seeing a counselor, she learned how to regulate her emotions during exam week. Instead of thinking about the exams as a threat, she thinks of the exams as an opportunity to show how thoroughly she studies and how much she knows. Which strategy is Gwen using to regulate her emotions?
reappraisal
When starting a new job, Carl's wife suggests he make quick observations of his coworkers and trust his judgments. The research on thin slices of behavior would support this suggestion because
relatively accurate judgments can be made based on little information
which psychological disorder literally means "splitting of the mind" and is characterized by a split between thoughts and emotions?
schizophrenia
Hernando and Fiona are in an advanced math class, which they love. In order to increase his effort in the class, Hernando's parents give him $5 for every "A" that he gets. Fiona's parents do not reward her for good grades. Which of the following concepts suggests that Fiona is more likely to do well in the class
self-determination theory
Our memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self are integrated to make up our
self-schema
When Joe did really well on his first sales presentation, he said it was because he worked hard on it. When he did poorly on his second sales presentation, he said it was because the computer and projector were not working properly. Joe's explanations about his two sales presentations reveal a
self-serving bias
Dhara was recently in a car accident. Her doctor told her that she has frontal lobe damage. How will this damage affect Dhara?
she will be less self-aware
Dr. Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech. She notices that their speech
shifts rapidly between topics with no obvious logic
You believe that smoking is bad for you, so you do not smoke and avoid places where people are likely to be smoking. In this case, you have an ____ attitude about smoking
simple
in the five-factor theory, the trait of neuroticism is similar to the dimension of ____ in Eysenck's biological trait theory
stability
According to the textbook, being encouraged by peers and enhancing one's self-image are reasons why people
start smoking
Research in different cultural contexts reveal that obesity is
stigmatized in some of them and respected in others
You experience a minor disruption that threatens a part of your life. Most likely, you will experience body changes, thoughts, and actions associated with the psychological process of
stress
Andy is an angry child whose aggressive behavior has gotten him into trouble. His parents decide to put him in sports to channel some of this anger into a healthier and more productive outlet. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, his parents are trying to use the defense mechanism of
sublimation
When you encounter a person who does not fit into a stereotype, you may create a special category for that person instead of revising your stereotype. This practice is called
subtyping
Dianne is convinced she has developed an anxiety disorder because she has an underlying biological condition that was brought out by living in a stressful environment. Dianne's belief about how she developed psychopathology is most consistent with
the DSM
Research has shown that schizophrenia is influenced by biological factors. Specifically, brain-imaging studies have shown that in people with schizophrenia
the amount of overall brain tissue is reduced
after meeting with Ramie for several sessions, Dr. Morris discusses her prognosis. Dr. Morris is most likely talking about
the future course and probable outcome of Ramie's disorder
Freud thought that anxiety resulted from conflict between ________ and ________.
the id; the superego
Stewart desperately wants a job in computers. During his interview, he is aggressive about his thoughts and ideas. A motivation theorist who interprets Stewart' behavior in terms of extrinsic motivation would say that Stewart's behavior in the interview is most likely motivated by
the incentive of wanting to earn a high salary
Cynthia's psychology professor asks the class not to think about purple unicorns. Though Cynthia has never once before thought about a purple unicorn, she finds that she cannot stop thinking about them. Cynthia is experiencing _______ as a result of her attempts at _______.
the rebound effect; thought suppression
Psychologists have emphasized that people experience the fight-or-flight response more than the tend-and-befriend response because
the research has largely been done with males
Many researchers are skeptical about whether dissociative identity disorder is a genuine psychological disorder. This is because
therapists using hypnosis may have unintentionally suggested to people that they were experiencing multiple identities
Marta has a successful job, a handsome husband, and three intelligent children. What would you predict about Marta's self-esteem based on this information
there is only a weak relationship between life outcomes and her self-exteem
According to the learned helplessness model of depression, some people with depression
think they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience
A stressor is any event or stimulus that
threatens an organism and elicits a coping response
Anita takes a personality test online. The results say she is high on the extraversion dimension of personality and she is likely to be assertive and energetic. The online personality test most likely used the _____ approach to personality.
trait
Janet and Joan are on a hot air balloon ride. They experience identical patterns of physiological arousal: increased heart rate, sweaty palms, pupil dilation, and increased breathing. After each women assesses the environment, Janet interprets her response as being excited while Joan interprets her response as being very scared. Which theory of emotion can best explain this difference
two-factor
Linda is feeling shaky, her heart is racing, and her mouth is dry. She attributes these symptoms to the fact that she has a big presentation in five minutes and she is nervous. Which theory of emotion best explains Linda's experience?
two-factor
Tyson reads a book on the best parenting practices that suggests parents should accept and value their children no matter how they behave or what they accomplish. Tyson's book is recommending parenting practices based on
unconditional positive regard
after performing poorly at a track meet, Troy said that he just does not have as much natural athletic ability as the other runner. Troy explains his performances at the track meet based on a
upward comparison
Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials. She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best. Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance, the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because
very high arousal can hurt her performance
Sarah is trying to be the healthiest person she can possibly be and feel satisfied with life. Sarah is focusing on her
well-being
