Pysch 2

_________ are rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems

Heuristics

Which of the following statement is correct concerning anorexia nervosa and males?

Males who choose activities that require slender bodies are vulnerable.

Which of the following is correct concerning relationships and happiness?

People who are married report the highest level of happiness.

Which of the following statements is true about heuristics?

They permit more rapid solutions than algorithms

If you believe that knowing the intentions of another person is important in determining whether or not to respond aggressively, then you assume that

aggression is cognitively mediated

Autonomic nervous system activation is associated with

all of these

When Claire was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her younger brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) _____

context-dependent memory

the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to _____.

determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that

facial expressions can affect our emotional state

According to the Cannon-Bard Theory an event simultaneously triggers

physiological arousal and experience of an emotion

To teach his child the prototype for cats, Nathan points to many examples in books, at home, on TV, and in the neighborhood, while saying the word "cat." These are _____ of the cat concept

positive instances

Parents of children who develop learning goals are likely to

praise them for persistence.

Christopher knows a lot of facts about the planet earth. He knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,030 km even though he did not personally measure the circumference of the earth. This knowledge is referred to as _____

semantic memory

Which word(s) best reflects the action of homeostasis?

thermostat

The sensitivity of various procedures used to detect lying is based on

ANS arousal.

___ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.

Displacement

Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of which of the following concepts?

Divergent thinking

Which of the following statements is true about psycholinguistic theory?

It focuses on the environmental influences on the acquisition of language

Which of the following statements is true about the nativist theory of language development?

It holds that the innate factors of children cause them to attend to and acquire language in certain ways

Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?

It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.

Which of the following is true about the serial position effect?

It is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items on a list.

_____ are meaningless sets of two consonants, with a vowel sandwiched in between, that are used to study memory.

Nonsense syllables

_____ enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.

Practical intelligence

_________ is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a stimulus

Sensory memory

Which of the following is true regarding long-term memory organization?

We tend to organize information in order of their hierarchy

Who would have the most difficult time losing weight?

a formerly obese person who has gained back his lost weight

The behavior of the hyperphagic rat suggests that there is

an "off" center in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

The eating behavior of the aphagic rat suggests that there is

an "on" center for eating in the lateral hypothalamus

To test the problem-solving skills of her son, Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of scrambled words such as, "skosc,""odg,""imal," and "orod." Tiffany is using _____ of the words, socks, dog, mail, and door

anagrams

An individual exhibiting parasympathetic arousal and self-destructive behaviors is likely to be experiencing

anger.

Sandy is a 15-year-old girl who refuses to eat any food because she is afraid of gaining weight. Sandy is suffering from

anorexia nervosa

Mozart was a child prodigy. By the age of 12, he had composed several musical pieces. According to Sternberg's model of intelligence, Mozart can be said to have demonstrated a high level of

creative intelligence

The term _________ in memory theory, means to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information

displace

Modern lie detectors, or polygraphs, monitor indicators of sympathetic arousal. These indicators include all of the following except

dryness of mouth

The Cannon-Bard theory disagreed with the James-Lange idea that

each emotion has a unique automatic physiological response pattern

At a painting exhibition, Martha had admired a painting that depicted a farm. Half an hour later, when she was having lunch with a friend, Martha was able to recall several details depicted in the painting. She remembered correctly the colors that were used, the animals that were drawn, and even the number of trees in the painting. Martha's ability to remember these details would be known as _____.

eidetic imagery

Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _____

elaborative rehearsal

A(n) _____ is an assumed electrical circuit that corresponds to a memory trace

engram

Ten-year-old Joshua knows that snakes are reptiles and all reptiles are animals. Joshua's concept of animal is _____.

hierarchial

Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as _____

infantile amnesia

The _________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.

mental age

Anna points to an object and tells her 2-year-old what it is. The child then points and repeats the label. According to the social-cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n) _____ for her child to acquire language skills.

model

Which type of tissue metabolizes food faster and makes it easier to lose weight

muscle tissue

The _________ of language development holds that the inborn factors—which make up children's nature—cause children to attend to and acquire language in certain ways

nativist theory

Susan has the ability to look at the moon and the stars at night and to develop insights into the laws that govern their behavior. In this context, Susan has _____.

naturalist intelligence

An adolescent dancer maintains a strict diet as she competes to earn a role in an upcoming performance. Unfortunately, the part goes to someone else. The dancer goes home, forgets her diet, and overeats. This demonstrates

the influence of stress on eating behavior

Caleb had read in the newspaper that a popular corporation had appointed a new CEO. When he was talking about this to a friend, Caleb could only remember the first letter and the last letter of the new CEO's name. This illustrates _____.

the serial-position effect

Facial-feedback hypothesis agrees with all of the following except

there is only a slight connection between arousal and facial muscle contraction

Fear involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system but anger involves activation of

both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Which of the following statements is true about problem solving?

The parts of our mental representation of the problem should relate to one another in a meaningful way

Which of the following people is at the highest risk for anorexia nervosa?

Kimberly, whose mother is constantly telling her she is overweight.

_________ is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.

Prospective memory

Dave cannot remember the last digit in his friend's telephone number. In order to reach him, he keeps trying different numbers until he finds the right one. In this context, which of the following methods is Dave using?

Systematic random search

Which of the following is true about the intelligence quotient (IQ)?

The IQ reflects the relationship between a child's mental age and his or her actual age.

ana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?

The serial-position effect

According to Steinberg, which of the following statements is true about creative people?

They appreciate art and music

Which of the following statements is true about concepts?

They can represent visions of things that can never be measured

Which of the following statements is true about thinking?

Thinking means paying attention to information

Jason, straining his eyes on the deck of a ship, is trying to memorize distant landmarks to the harbor entrance; he is trying to create a mental picture of all the names. He is using _____

a visual code

Ludwig, a cellist, is memorizing a musical composition just by listening to it, without referring to the sheet music. He most likely is using a(n) _____

acoustic code

Albert lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the car about three hours later. Albert came up with a formula to find the keys;he retraced his steps, going to all of the places he visited after he initially locked the car. Albert eventually found the keys on his office desk. Albert used a(n) _____ to find his keys.

algorithm

Motives are believed to give rise to

behavior

Explanations for aggression that investigate hormone levels are based on the

biological perspective

After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called _____

chunking

Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _____ of the event

episodic memories

Biological factors involved in obesity include all of the following except

food allergies

When a child utters "baba," it may mean, "I want my bottle," or "Where is my bottle?" or "that's my bottle." These single words used by children to express many things are known as _____.

holophrases

Primary drive is to ____ as acquired drive is to

hunger; money

A(n) _________ is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory.

icon

Katie is a very skilled in-line skater and a tap dancer. Her skills are a part of her _____

implicit memory

Tracy had taken tennis lessons when she was very young and was a good tennis player in her school. However, she had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. At the tennis class, a moment after she picked up her racket, Tracy realized that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's _____ made this possible

implicit memory

When a child combines words to form a sentence herself rather than imitate one she has heard before, she is demonstrating the _____ characteristic of language skills.

infinite creativity

William James believed that social behavior may have been

instinctive

Your mother tells you to "keep smiling." According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, your mother's advice

is intended to make you feel better

Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?

it involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.

If you believe that aggressive children have been reinforced or rewarded for aggressive behavior, then you have a __________ view of aggression.

learning

If you were raised in a society that values the gift of life and forbids aggressive action, you would be less likely to exhibit violence based on the _____ perspective

learning

To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the country names several times. This scenario illustrates _____

maintenance rehearsal

Social support and ________ can increase an individual's level of happiness

marriage

After setting a five-year goal for their company, a group of managers look at where the company is today and the steps needed to achieve the final goal. They are using a technique called _____.

means-end analysis

In order to become self-actualized, according to Maslow, one must first

meet physiological needs

if an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a(n) _____

memory trace

Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of rats reared in stimulating environments and the stimulation of certain synapses in sea snails, such as Aplysia, suggests that _____

neural events may be involved in memory

Lesioning the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamus affects hunger regulation by damaging the

on and off signals for feeding.

Once we have learned the multiplication tables, the recall of six times six is relatively automatic due to _____

priming

Studies involving brain imaging reveal that _____ makes it possible for people to carry out mental tasks with less neural activity

priming

Sarah remembers that she has to pack her suitcase and has to lock all the windows and doors before she leaves for her vacation the next day. Her memory about activities that need to be performed in the future would be known as _____.

prospective memory

A sofa, bed, and table are _____ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not.

prototypes

Your child has just had a very frustrating day at school. You are not surprised to find him venting his anger at his younger sibling. You are interpreting your child's behavior according to the

psychodynamic view.

According to _________, language acquisition involves the interaction of environmental influences.

psycholinguistic theory

You generally exercise on weekends and eat a low fat diet. However, on Super Bowl Sunday, you overeat, overdrink, and sit on the couch watching the TV. This is an example of

psychological factors and eating behavior.

In Freud's psychodynamic theory, _________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness

repression

Joy speaks Spanish as she has learn the language in school. She is now learning to speak French. She often notices that sometimes when speaking in Spanish, French words come to mind. This is an example of _____

retroactive interference

Stephen was recently involved in a car accident due to which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from ____

retrograde amnesia

When we look at a visual stimulus, our impressions of it may seem fluid enough. This is because _____

sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected

While watching a comedy show, Amanda remembered many funny incidents from her own college life. This is an example of _____

state-dependent memory

Which of the following statements is true about explicit memory?

t is the memory of things that are clearly stated or explained

One reason men appear to be more aggressive than women seems to be that men have higher levels of the hormone

testosterone

The ----_____ is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Need is to ____ as drive is to _____.

water; thirst

Which of the following quotes best represents the idea of self-actualization?

"I gotta be me."

Drive reduction theory suggests that we have drives to

. reduce the tension created by needs.

In short-term memory an image tends to fade after _____ if it is not repeated or rehearsed.

10 to 12 seconds

Which of the following statements is correct concerning mortality and anorexia nervosa?

5 out of 100 will die

_________ of stored information means locating it and returning it to consciousness.

Retrieval

general knowledge is referred to as _________.

semantic memory

Motives activate behavior and propel the organism

toward goals

Which of the following is true in the context of children babbling?

Babbling is inborn and prelinguistic

_________ are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties.

Concepts

_________ is the first stage of information processing.

Encoding

Which of the following statements is true about the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on intelligence?

Genetic factors account for about half of the variations in intelligence test scores among individuals.

______ is the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to, or explained by, genetic factors

Heritability

_________ is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience

Intelligence

Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory in the context of language development?

It emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement in language development in children.

Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal?

It involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered

Which of the following statements is true about a schema?

It is a way of mentally representing the world that can influence perceptions

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?

It is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive

Which of the following is true about anterograde amnesia?

It is the failure to remember events after a physical trauma