Pyschology 245 : UNCW Exam 2
What is the BAC limit for driving under the influence (DUI) in the US?
0.08
Fermented beverages have an alcohol content no higher than what percentage?
15%
what year was tobacco first used in europe
1560
How many of the 60 species of the genus Nicotiana can be used for human consumption?
2
The average adult would reach alcohol's LD 50 by drinking how many standard drinks an hour?
25
How many groups are involved in the balanced placebo design?
4
How many ounces of table wine is considered to be a standard drink?
5
A longitudinal research study found that the death rate for heroin addicts is at least how many times higher than the death rate for the general population?
50
Which drug class does not interact with alcohol in terms of increasing the chance of overdose death
Benzodiazepines
What has been the outcome of lawsuits filed against tobacco companies for harm caused by cigarette smoking?
Class-action lawsuits have been more successful than lawsuits filed by individuals and families.
What was the first major legislation controlling opiate drugs in the United States?
Harrison Narcotics Act (1914)
How has the rate of prescriptions for stimulants to treat ADHD changed since 1990?
It has increased five-fold
How does caffeine affect human task performance?
It increases performance in some areas and decreases it in others
All of the tobaccos consumed in the United States come from what plant?
Nicotiana tabacum
Why is reducing the amount of tar and nicotine in cigarettes not as good an idea as it sounds?
People can inhale more deeply or smoke more often to get the same amount.
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between stimulant drugs and performance?
The increase resistance to fatigue and boredom
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the smoking-related mortality rates of men and women in the United States?
The smoking-related risk of death for men and women is almost identical for some diseases.
Which college student is most likely to drink alcohol?
Tomás, who lives on campus at a state university
Opium is considered the prototype for which of the following drug responses?
addiction
Which of the following is a major opium-producing area?
afghanistan
How does alcohol differ from other foods?
alcohol does not have to be digested before the body absorbs it
Which term refers to term for pain relief?
analgesia
Which effect of cocaine is not shared by amphetamine
appetite suppression
The liver metabolizes alcohol
at a constant rate
Combinations of heroin and what other drug would result in synergy?
benzodiazepine
other types of stimulants
betel nut, khat (bath salts), ephedrine
How many cigarettes smoked in succession will cause a smoker to feel satiated based on neural receptor response?
between two and three
What do both cocaine and the amphetamines do?
block reuptake of dopamine
where is cocaine broken down and excreted
bloodstream and kidneys
What type of caffeine did 16th century European explorers discover in Mexico?
cacao
Which of the following is used most frequently in medications?
caffeine
Nicotine has been shown to have what kind of effects?
calming and stimulating
When an individual has a blackout, that person
cannot recall events that occured during a drinking occasion
Trace the history of cocaine use from the ancient Inca to the present.
chewed coca leaves with lime and swallowed the resulting juice, and this allowed them to work long hours without eating or drinking.
Ingests tobacco in a way that allows body to absorb the greatest amount of nicotine.
chewing tobacco
"Crack" is an injectable form of what substance?
cocaine
what was the first local anesthetic
cocaine
1906 food and drug act
cocaine content in products had to be listed
According to the study conducted by Marks & Kelly, which of the following is most likely to still be at close to peak level 2 hours after consumption?
cola
Once caffeine is consumed, in what part of the body will its concentration be highest?
concentrations will be similar throughout the body
Which of the following physiological symptoms indicates a person is on heroin?
constipation
Discuss the current social impacts and challenges related to the use of methamphetamine.
contributes to increased transmission of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS, and makes communities vulnerable to social illnesses
what was tobacco used for in the 1600's
currency
The abstinence syndrome produced upon cocaine withdrawal consists of which of the following symptoms?
depression
Discuss the brain mechanisms by which cocaine produces pleasure.
dopamine floods the reward pathway & activates the sympathetic nervous system by increasing the synaptic level of norepinephrine.
Opiates act on the brain's receptors for which of the following neurotransmitters?
endorphins
Which of the following is considered a type of endogenous morphine?
enkephalin
Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of what plant?
erythroxylum coca
What type of alcohol is used in the production of alcoholic beverages?
ethanol
Because dispositional tolerance far outpaces protracted functional tolerance, the person becomes more susceptible to serious health and other consequences of heavy alcohol consumption.
false
Fentanyl is a new drug that plays a key role in the opiate epidemic.
false
Instant coffee contains more caffeine per serving than brewed coffee.
false
The body's euphoric response to opiate drugs causes spontaneous ejaculation in men.
false
True or False : Cocaine has been used in some form by humans for nearly 1,000 years.
false
True or False : Most effects of amphetamines are produced by mimicking acetylcholine.
false
True or False : Of great concern is the dramatic recent increase in the prevalence of meth use among high school seniors.
false
True or False : The effects of synthetic cathinones are similar to those of cocaine, dissipating within 20-80 minutes after administration.
false
True or False : The major way that nicotine is excreted from the body is through sweat.
false
True or False : To date, the use of energy drinks by children has not been associated with any serious adverse events
false
true or false : Demographic characteristics are the primary driving factor in whether a person develops alcohol use disorder.
false
true or false : Physical dependence on caffeine has not been demonstrated.
false
Which of the following would expose a person to third-hand smoke?
hugging a person after they smoked a cigarette
stimulant effects
insomnia Anorexia Mood elevation Alertness and arousal Sexual effects
amphetamines were first used to
keep soldiers awake
Which of the following led to the decline of medicinal applications of tobacco?
knowledge of its addictive properties
People who have anhedonia after ending long-time use of cocaine are experiencing which of the following?
lack of pleasure
Europeans first began using caffeine at what point in time?
late 15th and early 16th centuries
where are amphetamines broken down and excreted
liver and kidneys
What criminal organization first controlled the smuggling of cocaine into the United States?
medellin cartel
What substance is especially effective for slowing the body's absorption of alcohol?
milk
The long-term effects of stimulant use involve depletion of what?
monoamines
What is the major active chemical in opium?
morphine
Which of the following drugs produces analgesia?
morphine
Which popular soft drink contains the highest concentration of caffeine?
mountain dew
A heroin overdose can be treated with what substance?
naloxone
What country's residents are the world's top coffee consumers?
netherlands
Which substance is contained in an alkaloid such as caffeine?
nitrogen
As of the end of 2020, how many Americans had died from opiate overdose or dependence?
over 30,000
Which of the following is a synthetic opiate?
oxymorphone
Which of the following was a factor leading to increased use of opioids in the 1990s?
physicians' idea that pain patients resisted addiction
What kind of tolerance requires an individual to drink increasing amounts of alcohol to achieve a mood change that was once achieved with less alcohol?
protracted
What did Lowe's 1988 study reveal about the effects on state-dependent learning when an individual consumes a combination of alcohol and caffeine?
responsible for the state dependence effect
Endorphin release is produced by what?
sedentary behaviors
How is snuff most commonly taken in Europe?
sniffing
Alcohol works as a peripheral dilator, causing what result
the skin feels warm and turns red
What is the most effective cure for a hangover?
time
Drinking coffee may prevent the development of dementia in some people
true
True or False : At higher doses, nicotine ' s effects tend to be more depressant than stimulatory.
true
True or False : Cocaine influences dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin activity.
true
True or False : It is difficult to find good estimates of the prevalence of caffeine use because it is consumed in so many different forms.
true
True or False : Lung cancer is the leading major cancer-related cause of death among women.
true
True or False : Smoking crack produces a more intense effect than other routes of cocaine administration.
true
True or False : The first major epidemic of cocaine abuse was in the 1880s.
true
True or False : Water pipe smoking results in greater exposure to carbon monoxide than cigarette smoking.
true
true or false : Alcohol can be used to treat chronic pain in cancer patients.
true
How does the United States' consumption of caffeine compare to the world average?
twice as much
A person who is sensitive to the effects of caffeine would be advised to take which of the following medications for a sinus headache?
tylenol
How is nicotine primarily eliminated from the body?
urine
Which of the following terms best describes the ingestible form of freebase?
vapor
What drug was developed specifically for the treatment of smoking and works by competing with nicotine in binding to nicotine receptors in the brain?
varenicline
