Q2 American History Cumulative
Complexity: M Which amendment did Southern States violate when they imposed restrictive laws on African Americans?
14th Amendment
Complexity: M Which amendment is correctly paired with the right that it guaranteed? 13th Amendment Guaranteed women the right to vote 14th Amendment Guaranteed equal protection of the law and due process regardless of race 15th Amendment Abolished slavery 19th Amendment Guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race or former slavery
14th Amendment
Complexity: M The excerpt below is taken from an amendment to the U.S. Constitution. "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude...." In which amendment is this excerpt found?
15th Amendment
Complexity: M Which amendment is correctly paired with the right that it guaranteed? 13th Amendment Guaranteed the privileges and immunities of citizenship regardless of race 14th Amendment Guaranteed women the right to vote 15th Amendment Guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race or former enslavement 19th Amendment Abolished slavery
15th Amendment
Complexity: M Which amendment specifically guaranteed the right shown in this illustration?
15th Amendment
Complexity: M Which statement describes the role of Jefferson Davis during the Civil War?
A former U.S. Cabinet member, Davis was elected as President of the Confederacy.
Complexity: M The chart below lists techniques used by an organization in late 19th-century America. ? Overcharged local governments Bribed officials to win public contracts Provided services to new citizens in exchange for their votes What would be the best title for this chart?
A political machine
Complexity: M The timeline below shows events leading up to the Civil War. Which movement is described by the events on the timeline?
Abolitionist Movement
Complexity: M The diagram below provides details about Florida in the late 19th century. Ponce de Leon Hotel -> Growth of the city of Miami -> ? Key West Railroad -> Florida East Coast Railroad -> Which phrase completes the diagram?
Achievements of Henry Flagle
Complexity: H The passage below describes economic conditions in the South after the Civil War. "Under the sharecropping system, the landowner provided the sharecropper with the use of land, seeds, fertilizer and tools. At harvest time, the sharecropper gave the landowner a share of the crop." What was a long-term consequence of the system described in the passage?
African Americans failed to achieve social equality for almost a century.
Complexity: H The speech below was given by Charles Sumner, a Radical Republican, in the Senate in February 1870. "Nearly a generation has intervened since I insisted that ... all must be equal before the law without any distinction of color." Based on the speech, with which statement would Sumner have agreed?
African Americans were entitled to full civil and political rights in the South.
Complexity: M The list below identifies four Americans whose parents were slaves. Granville Woods Sarah Goode Elijah McCoy Garrett Morgan Which conclusion can be drawn from this list?
African-American inventors made contributions to the Second Industrial Revolution.
Complexity: L What was the main economic challenge faced by American farmers in the late 19th century?
Agricultural overproduction led to falling prices for their crops.
Complexity: H The statement below was made by an American businessman in 1897. "The United States needs new markets for its manufactured products. American manufacturers also need access to raw materials found overseas." Which historical argument is supported by this statement?
American imperialism was mainly economically motivated.
Complexity: H The timeline below shows events in U.S. history between 1898 and 1904. Based on the timeline, which conclusion can be made about American policy in these years?
American imperialists triumphed over those opposing the annexation of overseas territories.
Complexity: M How did the U.S victory in the Mexican-American War contribute to the later outbreak of the Civil War?
Americans became divided over whether to extend slavery to new territories.
Complexity: M The excerpt below was written by Mark Twain in 1900. "I said to myself, here are a people who have suffered for three centuries. We can make them as free as our- selves, give them a government and country of their own, put a miniature of the American constitution afloat in the Pacific, start a brand new republic to take its place among the free nations of the world. But since then... I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem... And so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land." Based on this excerpt, why did Twain oppose U.S. acquisition of the Philippines?
Americans intended to rule the Philippines as conquerors instead of bringing democracy.
Complexity: L Why was European immigration to the United States restricted in the 1920s?
Americans were prejudiced against the "New Immigrants" from Eastern and Southern Europe.
Complexity: M Which argument would a critic of big business most likely have raised during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Big businesses mistreat workers and consumers because they hold too much power.
Complexity: M How were the First and Second Industrial Revolutions similar?
Both led to innovations in the ways in which goods were produced.
Complexity: L How were the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 similar?
Both resolved disputes over whether to admit territories as new states.
Complexity: L What did the Black Codes and later Jim Crow laws have in common?
Both severely restricted the rights of African Americans in the South.
Complexity: H Which set of events leading to the Civil War is in chronological order? A 1. Kansas-Nebraska Act 2. Dred Scott decision 3. Missouri Compromise 4. Lincoln-Douglas debates 5. Compromise of 1850 B 1. Compromise of 1850 2. Missouri Compromise 3. Dred Scott decision 4. Kansas-Nebraska Act 5. Lincoln-Douglas debates C 1. Missouri Compromise 2. Compromise of 1850 3. Kansas-Nebraska Act 4. Dred Scott decision 5. Lincoln-Douglas debates D 1. Dred Scott decision 2. Kansas-Nebraska Act 3. Compromise of 1850 4. Missouri Compromise 5. Lincoln-Douglas debates
C
Complexity: M Which constitutional issue was raised after the end of Reconstruction?
Can a state offer "separate but equal" facilities to members of different races?
Complexity: M The issue of slavery States' rights versus federal rights -> The growth of the Abolitionist Movement -> ? Economic and social differences between the North and South -> The election of Abraham Lincoln -> Which title best completes the diagram?
Causes of the Civil War
Complexity: L How did the growth of the steel industry affect the U.S. economy?
Cheaper steel made it possible to build more railroads, bridges, ships and buildings.
Complexity: L Which change occurred as the United States shifted from an agrarian to an industrial society?
Cities became overcrowded and faced new challenges in providing public services.
Complexity: L Which act of Congress overturned Southern Black Codes, affirmed the rights of the freedmen, and formed the basis for the 14th Amendment?
Civil Rights Act
Complexity: L How did the corporate form of enterprise affect the U.S. economy in the late 19th century?
Companies could raise huge amounts of capital to invest in machinery and new technologies.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from a speech given by Henry Clay to the U.S. Senate. "Mr. President, I hold in my hand a series of resolutions which I desire to submit to the consideration of this body. Taken together, they propose an amicable arrangement of all questions in controversy between the free and slave states, growing out of the subject of slavery.... Therefore, 1st Resolved, that California with suitable boundaries, ought, upon her application to be admitted as one of the States of this Union... 2d Resolved, that as slavery does not exist by law, and is not likely to be introduced into any of the territory acquired by the United States from the Republic of Mexico, it is inexpedient for Congress to provide by law, either for its introduction into or exclusion from any part of said territory... 7th Resolved, that more effectual provision ought to be made by law... for the restitution and delivery of persons bound to service or labor in any State who may escape into any other State or Territory in the Union." Which legislation did Henry Clay introduce in this speech?
Compromise of 1850
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906). Section 2. That the introduction into any State or Territory or the District of Columbia from any other State or Territory or the District of Columbia, or from any foreign country, or shipment to any foreign country of any article of food or drugs which is adulterated or misbranded, within the meaning of this Act, is hereby prohibited. Which conclusion is supported by information in this excerpt?
Congress took on a new role in protecting the health and safety of consumers.
Complexity: L How did the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 shape public policy?
Consumers were protected from adulterated or misbranded foods.
Complexity: M The chart below identifies the causes and effects of the Second Industrial Revolution. Second Industrial Revolution (1865-1900) Causes Spread of railroads Rise of oil and electricity industries Corporate form of enterprise Bessemer process Consequences Rise of monopolies Mass production of goods • ? Which consequence completes the chart?
Creation of a national market
Complexity: H Which set of events about American imperialism is listed in chronological order? A 1. Spanish-American War 2. Construction of Panama Canal 3. Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani 4. Annexation of Hawaii B 1. Construction of Panama Canal 2. Spanish-American War 3. Annexation of Hawaii 4. Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani C 1. Spanish-American War 2. Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani 3. Annexation of Hawaii 4. Construction of Panama Canal D 1. Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani 2. Spanish-American War 3. Annexation of Hawaii 4. Construction of Panama Canal
D
Complexity: M Which two Constitutional amendments were passed with the support of the Progressives? A Abolition of poll taxes + Term limits for President B Change in the dates of Presidential terms + Limits on changing congressional salaries C Enfranchising 18-year- olds + Representing Washington D.C. on the Electoral College D Power to impose a federal tax on incomes + Direct election of U.S. Senators
D
Complexity: L Which federal law gave Native Americans the right to sell their share of reservation lands in order to assimilate into "mainstream" American society?
Dawes Act
Complexity: M Which constitutional issue was raised during Reconstruction?
Do state governments have the power to deny former slaves the rights of citizenship?
Complexity: M Gave African- American men the right to vote -> Abolished slavery in the United States -> ? Prevented a return to Pre-Civil War economy in the -> Women were still not permitted to vote -> Which phrase best completes the diagram?
Effects of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
Complexity: M The timeline below depicts events leading to the Civil War. Which event best completes the timeline?
Election of Abraham Lincoln
Complexity: M The diagram below identifies a major obstacle in the construction of the Panama Canal. Obstacle -> The Panama Canal had to cross highlands 85 feet above sea level Solution ->? Which sentence completes the diagram?
Engineers designed a series of water-filled locks to raise and lower ships.
Complexity: L Which problem did American factory workers face in the late 19th century?
Factory workers in many industries faced periodic unemployment.
Complexity: M Which diagram correctly pairs an event? Formation of the Knights of Labor -> Laws prohibiting child labor Violence at Haymarket Square -> Laws restricting immigration Formation of the American Federation of Labor -> Recognition of labor unions by some employers Homestead Strike -> The 8-hour workday becomes a national law
Formation of the American Federation of Labor
Complexity: M The drawing of New Orleans below was published in 1867. Which consequence of Reconstruction is depicted in this drawing?
Freedmen exercised new voting rights guaranteed by federal law.
Complexity: M The chart below lists economic problems faced by Southerners at the end of the Civil War. Former plantation owners lacked workers. Freed slaves lacked land, livestock, tools and money. Which system developed in the Reconstruction era to resolve these problems?
Freedmen often became sharecroppers or tenant farmers on the properties of their former masters.
Complexity: L Which American developed a safety hood for firefighters and a traffic signal for automobiles?
Garrett Morgan
Complexity: H The drawing below appeared as the cover of The Ram's Horn, a magazine of the Social Gospel movement, in January 1896. The artist of this cartoon would most likely agree with which of the following?
Good Christians need to act at once to improve the lives of the urban poor.
Complexity: L How did the economy of Florida adapt to Reconstruction?
Growing cotton became secondary to growing citrus fruits, raising cattle, and cutting timber.
Complexity: L In which event did anarchists and other demonstrators clash with Chicago police?
Haymarket riot
Complexity: L How did Andrew Carnegie contribute to the industrial development of the United States?
He adopted new techniques to mass-produce steel at lower cost.
Complexity: L Why did industrialist Henry Flagler decide to build a deep-water port at Key West?
He anticipated shipping from a future Panama Canal.
Complexity: L What was the impact of Henry Flagler on Florida?
He built railroads and hotels in Florida, bringing tourist and migrants.
Complexity: L What role did Ulysses S. Grant play in the Civil War?
He defeated Confederate forces at Vicksburg and became Commander-in-Chief of Union forces.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from a speech given by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908. "To permit every lawless capitalist, every law-defying corporation, to take any action, no matter how iniquitous, in the effort to secure an improper profit and to build up privilege, would be ruinous to the Republic and would mark the abandonment of the effort to secure in the industrial world the spirit of democratic fair dealing." How did President Roosevelt deal with the problem described above?
He filed lawsuits to break up "bad trusts."
Complexity: M How did Lincoln demonstrate his superior leadership during the Civil War?
He took all necessary steps to win the war, including a naval blockade of the South, military conscription and the emancipation of Southern slaves.
Complexity: L What influence did Hiram Rhodes Revels have on Reconstruction?
He was the first African American to be seated in the U.S. Senate.
Complexity: M How did the writings of Alfred Thayer Mahan encourage United States imperialism?
His books demonstrated the importance of obtaining colonies for naval bases, increasing overseas trade, and building a canal in Central America.
Complexity: L In which event did company managers hire Pinkerton detectives to reopen a steel mill surrounded by picketing workers?
Homestead strike
Complexity: H The chart below lists techniques used by imperialists in the late 19th century. Techniques for Establishing Control over Indigenous Peoples I. Swift military coup II. Increased economic power III. Invasion by foreign armed forces IV. Removal of native leaders from power V. Assassination of local native leaders Which of the techniques in the chart were used by American plantation owners to take control of the Hawaiian Islands?
I, II, and IV
Complexity: M Which muckraker is correctly paired with his or her attempt to correct injustices in American life? Upton Sinclair Wrote about corruption in city governments and the decline of American cities Ida Tarbell Wrote about John D. Rockefeller and the unfair business practices of Standard Oil Company Jacob Riis Wrote about immigrants and the unhealthy practices in the meat- packing industry Lincoln Steffens Photographed and wrote about conditions in New York City slums
Ida Tarbell
Complexity: H The Venn diagram below compares two industrial revolutions. ⚫ First Industrial Revolution Steamboats and Railroads Factory System Steam Power ? ⚫ Second Industrial Revolution Oil and Electrical Industries Growth of National Market New Processes for Making Steel Which best completes the diagram?
Innovations Stimulate Economic Growth
Complexity: M The diagram below provides details about legislation during the Progressive era. Meat Inspection Act of 1906 -> Impact ? Which phrase completes the diagram?
Insured the safety of meat eaten by consumers
Complexity: M How did the Second Industrial Resolution differ from the first?
It focused on the growth of heavy industries such as steel, oil and electricity, which required larger capital investments.
Complexity: L How did the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act contribute to the later outbreak of the Civil War?
It reopened the question of whether slavery would be permitted in some Northern territories.
Complexity: M What impact did the 14th Amendment have on state governments?
It required state governments to provide all individuals with "equal protection" of the law.
Complexity: L How did the Spanish American War encourage the construction of the Panama Canal?
It showed that America's Atlantic and Pacific fleets were too far apart without it.
Complexity: M Which statement describes the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
It upheld state laws requiring racial segregation.
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from President Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address. "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." How did Lincoln's views in this excerpt differ from those of the Radical Republicans in Congress?
Lincoln thought Southerners should be readmitted into the Union after satisfying minimal requirements.
Complexity: M Why did Radical Republicans disagree with President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?
Lincoln would readmit Southern states to Congress on lenient terms.
Complexity: M What was a benefit of the laissez-faire policies practiced during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Many American industries, such as railroads, steel and oil, achieved rapid growth.
Complexity: H The speech below was made by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce tribe during his surrender to the U.S. Army in 1877. "It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food... Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever." What conclusion can be drawn from this speech?
Many Native Americans only moved to reservations when they were unable to resist superior military power.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). "Ain't I yer master? Didn't I pay down $1,200 cash for all there is inside yer old cussed black shell? Ain't yer mine, now, body and soul?" he said, giving Tom a violent kick with his heavy boot. "Tell me!" In the very depth of physical suffering, bowed by brutal oppression, this question shot a gleam of joy and triumph through Tom's soul. He suddenly stretched himself up, and looking earnestly to heaven, while the tears and blood that flowed down his face mingled, he exclaimed- "No! no! no! My soul ain't yours Mas'r! You haven't bought it [you] can't buy it..." Which statement about the conditions of people in slavery is supported by this excerpt?
Many enslaved individuals maintained an attitude of independence and self-worth despite social oppression.
Complexity: M The cartoon below shows Hiram Rhodes Revels occupying the Senate seat once held by Jefferson Davis, who stands looking over his shoulder. What was the cartoonist's view of the election of Revels?
Many former Confederates resented Revels' election to the Senate.
Complexity: M The photograph below shows immigrants arriving on Ellis Island in the late 1880s. Which conclusion is best supported by evidence from this photograph?
Many immigrants planned on sending money back to their families.
Complexity: H The passage below by Jane Addams was published in 1892. "We have in America a fast-growing number of [educated] young people who have no recognized outlet for their active faculties... Our young people feel nervously the need of putting theory into action.... The impulse to share the lives of the poor, the desire to make social service... is as old as Christianity itself..." What was the long-term impact of the movement described in this passage?
Many poor people were taught new skills.
Complexity: H The argument below summarizes the reasoning of Alfred Thayer Mahan and other American imperialists at the end of the nineteenth century. 1. Great Powers need wealth and trade as well as military power. 2. Obtaining overseas colonies will help the United States to build up its merchant marine (commercial shipping). 3. ? 4. Overseas colonies can serve as valuable stations along trade routes for obtaining coal, water and other supplies. 5. The United States must build a canal through Panama so that its fleet can move quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Which statement best completes the argument?
Merchant sailors and ships can serve in the U.S. Navy in times of war.
Complexity: M The chart below shows some of the characteristics of the United States as an agrarian and industrial society. Agrarian Society Most Americans live in the countryside Farming is the most common occupation Americans make a large number of their own goods Industrial Society Most Americans live in towns or cities ? Americans buy most of their goods from stores Which phrase completes the chart?
Most Americans work in manufacturing, transportation or services.
Complexity: M The graph below shows the rural and urban population of the United States from 1870 to 1900. Which factor contributed to the shift in population shown on the graph?
New jobs in industry attracted farmers and farm laborers to cities.
Complexity: H The Venn diagram below compares features of the First and Second Revolutions. -First Industrial Revolution Invention of steam engine Spread of factory system First steamboats and railroads ? Second Industrial Revolution Bessemer process for making steel Expansion of railroads New uses for electricity Which feature completes the diagram?
New technologies accelerated economic growth.
Complexity: M The diagram below describes conditions on the Isthmus of Panama in the early 20th century. Mosquitoes carrying malaria and yellow fever -> Swamps and jungles- > ? Highlands with uneven elevation- > Tropical climate -> Which phrase completes the diagram?
Obstacles to building the Panama Canal
Complexity: H The Venn diagram below shows the beliefs of Republicans during the Reconstruction Era. Which belief completes the Venn diagram?
Opposed any return to slavery
Complexity: L How did migration from farms to cities encourage the growth of reform movements?
Overcrowded, congested cities were in greater need of reform.
Complexity: M Compromise of 1850 Ended sale of slaves in Washington, D.C. Admitted California as a free state Tougher fugitive slave law Passed by Congress Dealt with question of slavery in territories Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) ? Which phrase best completes the diagram?
Overturned the Missouri Compromise
Complexity: L In "The Influence of Sea Power upon History," Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan recommended thatAmericans obtain colonies and build a large merchant marine to supply sailors for their navy.Mahan also recommended that they build a canal through Central America. Which water routewas built, following his advice?
Panama Canal
Complexity: M The diagram below provides details about events in Panama in 1903. US offers $10 million to Colombia for strip of land on the Isthmus of Panama -> Government of Colombia seeks more money -> Rebels in Panama declare their independence from Colombia -> President Roosevelt sends US warship to protect the rebels -> ? Which sentence completes the diagram?
Panama gives land for a canal to the United States.
Complexity: M Which of these is an example of a Jim Crow law?
People of different races cannot be permitted to use the same public facilities.
Complexity: L Which steps were taken by the Florida Legislature at the end of Reconstruction to discourage African-Americans from voting?
Poll taxes and literacy tests were imposed.
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from a party platform in 1892, which expressed the demands of many American farmers. "We demand free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1... We demand a graduated income tax... [W]e demand a free ballot and a fair count in all elections... [W]e favor a constitutional provision limiting the office of President and Vice-President to one term, and providing for the election of Senators of the United States by a direct vote of the people...." Which party adopted a platform containing all these demands?
Populist Party
Complexity: H The statements below refer to the Civil Rights Bill of 1866. "The [Civil Rights] bill... simply declares that in Civil Rights there shall be equality among all classes of citizens..." -Senator Lyman Trumbull (Republican) "Four millions... have just emerged from slavery into freedom. Can it be reasonably supposed that they possess the qualifications to entitle them to all the privileges and immunities of citizenship of the United States?" -President Andrew Johnson, vetoing the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Based on these statements, which factor divided members of the Republican Party?
President Johnson feared the freedmen were not prepared for public life
Complexity: H The statements below refer to the Civil Rights Bill of 1866. "The [Civil Rights] bill... simply declares that in Civil Rights there shall be equality among all classes of citizens..." -Senator Lyman Trumbull (Republican) "Four millions... have just emerged from slavery into freedom. Can it be reasonably supposed that they possess the qualifications to entitle them to all the privileges and immunities of citizenship of the United States?: -President Andrew Johnson, vetoing the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Based on these statements, which factor divided members of the Republican Party?
President Johnson feared the freedmen were not prepared for public life
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from the platform of the Progressive (or "Bull Moose") Party in 1912. "We demand tariff revision because the present tariff is unjust to the people of the United States. We believe there exists imperative need for prompt legislation for the improvement of our national currency system....The issue of currency is fundamentally a government function and the system should have as basic principles soundness and elasticity. We believe in a graduated income tax." What was one impact of these proposals?
President Woodrow Wilson enacted similar proposals after his election as President.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). "If the civil and political rights of both races be equal, one cannot be inferior to the other civilly or politically. If one race be inferior to the other socially, the constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane." What was the impact of the reasoning in this excerpt?
Racial segregation remained dominant in the South for another half-century.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). "If the civil and political rights of both races be equal, one cannot be inferior to the other civilly or politically. If one race be inferior to the other socially, the constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane." What was the impact of the reasoning in this excerpt?
Racial segregation remained in the South for another half-century.
Complexity: M How did the Radical Republican program for Reconstruction differ from President Lincoln's "Ten-Percent Plan"?
Radical Republicans imposed a civil rights act and military occupation.
Complexity: M Why did Congress propose the 14th Amendment?
Radical Republicans wanted to ensure that their Civil Rights Act was not overruled by the Supreme Court.
Complexity: L How did the spread of railroads after the Civil War contribute to the Second Industrial Revolution?
Railroads encouraged the growth of cities and the creation of a national market.
Complexity: M Which Progressive reform is correctly matched with its definition? Referendum Voters can directly introduce bills into the state legislature Recall Voters can remove an elected official from office Initiative Voters can repeal a law already passed by the state legislature Primary Voters, rather than state legislators, directly elect U.S. Senators
Recall
Complexity: H The excerpt below was written by historian Eric Foner in 2005. "More than simply a form of racial separation, segregation was part of a complex system of white domination, in which each component— disenfranchisement, unequal economic status, inferior education reinforced the others." Why did the "system" described in this excerpt develop?
Reconstruction failed to secure lasting rights for freedmen.
Complexity: H The map below shows battles fought during the Civil War. Which general fought in all five battles indicated by stars on the map?
Robert E. Lee
Complexity: M The diagram below shows the causes of an important development after the Civil War. Bessemer process >>>>>>>>>> Improvements in communications >>>>>> ? Spread of railroads >>>>>>> Rise of oil and electricity industries >>>>>>>> Which development completes the diagram?
Second Industrial Revolution
Complexity: M How did Harriet Beecher Stowe's book, Uncle Tom's Cabin, contribute to the outbreak of the Civil War?
She depicted the evils of slavery, stirring the public conscience of the North.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from the Standard Oil Trust Agreement, concluded in 1882. "The parties... do covenant and assign and transfer all of the stock held by them in the corporations or limited partnerships herein named to the trustees herein provided for, for the consideration and upon the terms hereinafter set forth... The consideration for any stocks delivered to said trustees as above provided for ... shall be the delivery by said trustees to the persons entitled thereto of trust certificates hereinafter provided for, equal at par value to the par value of the stocks of the said Standard Oil companies so received by said trustees... The trustees shall prepare certificates which shall show the interest of each beneficiary in said trust and deliver them to the persons properly entitled thereto. They shall be divided into shares... and shall be known as Standard Oil Trust certificates...." Which law did Congress pass to prevent abuses arising from business arrangements such as the one above?
Sherman Antitrust Act
Complexity: M The chart below compares the views of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. -Leader A) Abraham Lincoln B) Jefferson Davis -Views on American Liberty A) The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution protect the rights and liberties of individuals B)The Declaration of Independence established that every citizen has inalienable rights. However, these rights do not extend to enslaved people, who are not citizens. -Views on the Federal Union A) The Union is perpetual. No state can lawfully leave the Union. B) ? Which statement best completes the chart?
Since government rests on the consent of the governed, a state can choose to leave the Union.
Complexity: M The passage below, from the Hull-House Charter, describes the objects of Hull House. To provide a center for the higher civic and social life; to institute and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises; and to investigate and improve the conditions [of] the industrial districts of Chicago. Which association shared similar objects?
Social Gospel movement
Complexity: H The cartoon below was published in 1898. The caption below the cartoon reads: "Uncle Sam: Now, children, you've got to learn those lessons whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little while, you will be glad to be here as they are!" Based on the cartoon, which conclusion can be made about American imperialists in the late nineteenth century?
Some imperialists wanted to educate and help the local peoples of annexed territories.
Complexity: M Which sentence describes an economic consequence of Reconstruction?
Southern landowners let their former slaves use their land for a share of the crop
Complexity: M EVENT Invention of the cotton gin EFFECT ? Which statement belongs in the empty box?
Southern plantation owners needed more enslaved workers to cultivate and pick raw cotton.
Complexity: L Which of the following was a social cause of the Civil War?
Southerners and Northerners disagreed over the continuation of slavery.
Complexity: M The poster below was published in 1900. The left side of the poster depicts conditions in theUnited States in 1896. The right side of the poster shows conditions under President McKinleyin 1900. Which statement is supported by the quotation at the bottom center of the poster?
Spanish rule in Cuba was overthrown on humanitarian grounds.
Complexity: M The diagram below shows developments in the late 19th century. Bessemer process -> Improvements in communications-> Second Industrial Revolution ? -> Rise of oil and electricity industries -> Which development completes the diagram?
Spread of railroads across the nation
Complexity: H The map below shows the United States on the eve of the Civil War. Which states on this map permitted slavery at the time of the outbreak of the Civil War?
States 4, 5, 7
Complexity: M The chart below provides details about the accomplishments of Florida's Progressive Governors. Governor A) William Sherman Jennings B) Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Term of Office A) 1901-1905 B) 1905-1909 Accomplishment A) Increased power of the Florida Railroad Commission B) ? Which phrase completes the chart?
Supported prison reform, public education and child labor laws
Complexity: L The Emancipation Proclamation created uncertainty over whether President Lincoln could lawfully free enslaved persons. How was this issue resolved?
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibited slavery.
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from President Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (1865) "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." In this excerpt, what view does Lincoln express about future Reconstruction?
The South should be welcomed back to the Union with justice and kindness.
Complexity: L Which event led to changes in the size of the United States in 1898?
The United States acquired new overseas territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
Complexity: L What was a direct consequence of the Spanish-American War?
The United States acquired new overseas territories, promoting trade with East Asia and the Caribbean.
Complexity: L How did the Spanish-American War help turn the United States into a world power?
The United States defeated a European power and annexed overseas territories.
Complexity: M What was the impact of the Dawes Act on the Native American experience?
The act enabled Native Americans to sell most of their land.
Complexity: M Which phrase best completes the diagram? Spanish-American War -> ?
The annexation of overseas territories led to increased trade in the Pacific and the Caribbean.
Complexity: M Spanish-American War -> ? Which phrase best completes the diagram?
The annexation of overseas territories led to increased trade in the Pacific and the Caribbean.
Complexity: M What was the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg during the Civil War?
The battle gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, dividing the Confederacy in two.
Complexity: H The cartoon below, showing a U.S. Army general and a Plains Indian, was published in the late 1860s. With which statement would the creator of this cartoon most likely agree?
The federal government has used a combination of false promises and force to relocate the Plains Indians onto reservations.
Complexity: M The passage below was written by a member of the Winnebago tribe in 1865. "After we got [to the reservation] they sometimes gave us rations, but not enough to go round most of the time. Some would have to go without eating two or three days... There are a good many women and children that are naked and cannot come out of their tents." What problem with the reservation system does the writer identify?
The government did not always keep its promises to provide supplies.
Complexity: M What impact did the increasing demand for raw cotton from textile mills in the early 1800s have on the South?
The number of enslaved people working on Southern cotton plantations increased.
Complexity: M The cartoon below, showing a U.S. soldier standing between an African American and a former Confederate, was published in 1874. With which statement would the artist of this cartoon have most likely agreed?
The occupation of the South by Northern troops continues to be necessary.
Complexity: L Why did President Theodore Roosevelt send a warship to protect rebels in Panama and recognize their independence?
The rebels offered to give the United States a strip of land on generous terms.
Complexity: H The diagram below lists innovations in transportation and communication. Railroads -> Telegraph -> Impact ? Telephone -> Automobiles -> Which best completes the diagram?
The rise of a national market
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (1863). "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure." Based on this speech, what view did President Lincoln have of the Civil War?
The war was testing whether a democratic society could survive.
Complexity: L Why did the United States annex the Philippines and Puerto Rico?
These regions were acquired from Spain after the Spanish-American war.
Complexity: L What was one reason why government leaders generally opposed strikes by labor unions in the 19th century?
They believed that business owners had the right to set conditions for their own employees.
Complexity: M The excerpt below was published by the Chicago Post in the late 19th century. The Irish fill our prisons, our poor houses....Scratch a convict or a pauper, and the chances are that you tickle the skin of an Irish Catholic. Putting them on a boat and sending them home would end crime in this country. Why did Irish immigrants remain in the United States even after facing attitudes such as those in this excerpt?
They believed they had greater opportunities in America.
Complexity: M What did the Social Gospel movement and settlement houses have in common?
They emphasized the duty of wealthier Americans to help the poor.
Complexity: H The information below lists several major strikes in the late 19th century Homestead Strike (1892) Pullman Strike (1894) Coal Mine Strike (1902) How were these major strikes similar?
They ended in important defeats for organized labor.
Complexity: M Which practices of big business did late 19th century critics especially condemn?
They engaged in unfair conduct to put their competitors out of business.
Complexity: L How did most labor union members feel about the rapid influx of immigrants between 1870 and 1900?
They feared that immigrants might take their jobs for lower wages.
Complexity: L What impact did the 14th and 15th Amendments have on the Reconstruction era?
They guaranteed new freedoms to African Americans.
Complexity: L What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments have in common?
They guaranteed rights to those previously enslaved.
Complexity: H The book covers below refer to two different social movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. What long-term impact did these two movements have on American society?
They helped to improve conditions for the urban poor.
Complexity: L How did the Jim Crow laws influence life for many African Americans?
They kept African Americans in a position of social and economic inferiority across the South.
Complexity: L What was the role of settlement houses in late 19th-century America?
They offered English classes and other services to poor immigrants.
Complexity: H The excerpt below is from the "Farmers' Declaration of Independence," printed in the Prairie Farmer in July 1873. "The history of the present railway monopoly is a history of repeated injuries and oppressions, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over the people of these states unequaled in any monarchy in the Old World.... They have influenced our executive officers to refuse their assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good; and when such laws have been passed, they have utterly refused to obey them....They have influenced legislation to suit themselves by bribing venal legislators....They have procured a law of Congress by which they have dispossessed hundreds of farmers of the homes that years of toil have built up........." How did American farmers respond to the problems identified in this excerpt?
They passed "Granger laws" in their state legislatures to regulate the railroads.
Complexity: L What was a positive impact of political machines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
They provided essential services to immigrants, such as finding housing.
Complexity: M The chart below lists important laws passed by Congress during the Progressive era. Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Reserve Act What do these laws demonstrate about the views of Progressives on public policy?
They thought some federal regulation of the economy was necessary in order to prevent the worst abuses of industrialization.
Complexity: M Why did many Americans support the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
They wanted more jobs for non-Chinese Americans.
Complexity: L How were African Americans in the South treated after the ratifications of the 14th and 15th Amendments?
They were able to vote and to participate in public life for the first time.
Complexity: L What was an important characteristic of big businesses in the late 19th century?
They were more efficient than smaller enterprises.
Complexity: M The letter below was written by Mary McCarthy, an Irish immigrant, shortly after her arrival in the United States in 1850. My dear Father ... Any man or woman are fools that would not venture and come to this plentiful Country where no man or woman ever hungered or ever will and where you will not be seen naked." Source: Roger Daniels, Coming to America (1990) What was the most likely impact of this description on readers in Ireland?
They would be attracted to America.
Complexity: L The chart below lists a series of inventions. Electric "Stock-Ticker" Phonograph Electric Lightbulb Electric power station Motion Pictures Which American inventor was responsible for these accomplishments?
Thomas Alva Edison
Complexity: H The diagram below provides details about United States' 1898-1905 foreign policy. Spanish American War ->"Big Stick" Expansionism ->Platt Amendment ->Panama Canal Zone Which conclusion can be drawn from this diagram?
U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War helped lead to U.S. imperialism
Complexity: M What belief did socialists and communists in the late 19th century share?
Unregulated capitalism leads to the exploitation of workers.
Complexity: L Which Progressive Governor of Florida reclaimed land from railroad companies and increased the power of the Florida Railroad Commission to regulate the state's railroads?
William Sherman Jennings
Complexity: H The cartoon below depicts President Woodrow Wilson. Based on the cartoon, with which statement would the cartoonist have most likely agreed?
Wilson's reforms were enacted in part to stimulate American business.
Complexity: M Which sentence describes labor unions in the late 19th century?
Workers formed their own unions despite opposition from their employers and the public.
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from the Communist Manifesto (1848). "Society as a whole is dividing into two great hostile camps, two great classes, directly facing each other: the bourgeoisie and proletariat. In proportion as the bourgeoisie [business-owners and merchants] is developed, in the ... same proportion is the proletariat, the modern working class, developed a class of laborers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labor increases capital...." Based on this excerpt, what did Communists predict would result from these class divisions?
Workers would overthrow the bourgeoisie in a violent revolution
Complexity: M The excerpt below expresses a point of view on the main causes of the Civil War. "The Union was originally a compact of states, and any state had the right to leave it. The "War between the States" was simply caused by the aggressiveness of the North. Northerners imposed their views of what the Union meant on the South." Whose point of view is expressed in this excerpt?
a Southern slave owner
Complexity: H The excerpt below appeared in a newspaper. It described politician George Plunkett shortly after his death. He understood that in politics, honesty doesn't matter, efficiency doesn't matter, progressive vision doesn't matter. What does matter is the chance for a better job, a better price of wheat, better business conditions. Based on this description, which did Plunkett belong to?
a political machine
Complexity: M The resolution below was passed at a convention in New York in 1851. "Resolved [Agreed] that they who teach obedience to the Fugitive Slave Law, while they admit that the law is unjust, cruel and disgraceful, prove themselves [lacking in] moral principle, if not of moral sense, and they are to be ranked with the hardened and [heartless] creatures who, for a few dollars, will perform the disgusting office of slave-catcher to the slaveholder.... Resolved, we regard the Fugitive Slave Law of the last Congress as a conspiracy against the liberties of our country...." Which group would have been most likely to support this resolution?
abolitionists
Complexity: L Which group advocated the abolition of central government in order to achieve greater social justice?
anarchists
Complexity: L What did American farmers in the late 1880s see as their two main problems?
bad weather and new farming monopolies
Complexity: L What name was given to those Northerners who came South during the Reconstruction era, often to help the freedmen or to find new economic opportunities?
carpetbaggers
Complexity: L Which ideology was based on the belief that workers could only improve their conditions through a violent revolution?
communism
Complexity: L What contribution did Wilbur and Orville Wright make to the American economy?
conducted the first manned flight
Complexity: L Which problem was faced by Southerners during Reconstruction?
how to educate and prepare millions of freedmen for freedom
Complexity: M The excerpt below refers to a form of debt peonage common in Florida during the Nadir (1870-1940). "You is born into the teppentine (turpentine) with no hope of getting out." Where were the African-American debtors mentioned in this excerpt forced to work?
in work camps in pine forests
Complexity: M What was the greatest benefit that United States imperialism provided to the people of Guam,Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Philippines?
introducing modern medicine and technology
Complexity: L Which contribution did Sarah Goode make to the American economy?
invention of a fold-away bed to be tucked into a desk
Complexity: L Which contribution did Granville Woods make to the American economy?
invention of a multiplex telegraph for sending messages to moving trains
Complexity: L What contribution did Garrett Morgan (1877-1963) make to the American economy?
invention of a safety hood for firefighters and traffic signal for automobiles
Complexity: L Which contribution did Madam J. Walker (1867-1919) make to the American economy?
invention of new cosmetic products and special shampoos
Complexity: L Which contribution did Elijah McCoy (1844-1929) make to the American economy?
invention of oil-drip cups to lubricate locomotive engines
Complexity: L What contributions did Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) make to the American economy?
invention of the phonograph, electric light bulb, and motion pictures
Complexity: L What contribution did Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) make to the American economy?
invention of the telephone
Complexity: L What contribution did Cyrus Field (1819-1892) make to the American economy?
laid the first transatlantic cable
Complexity: M What was an important legacy of the Social Gospel Movement?
more attention was paid to the needs of the poor in industrial society
Complexity: M The excerpt below is adapted from the Preamble to the Constitution of the Knights of Labor (1874). "The recent alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth make it necessary that a check should be placed upon its power and upon unjust accumulation, and a system adopted which will secure to the laborer the fruits of his toil. And ... this much-desired object can only be accomplished by the thorough unification of labor." Which groups did the authors of this document hope to unite?
skilled and unskilled workers, including women and African Americans
Complexity: L Which ideology was based on the belief that workers could improve their conditions by electing government officials favorable to their cause?
socialism
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from Samuel Gompers' testimony before the Senate Committee on Education and Labor in 1883. "I maintain that the hours of labor ought to be reduced. From every standpoint the hours are too long in modern industries, more especially where the individual worker is but a part of the machine and is compelled to keep in motion in accordance with the velocity with which the machine turns." What does this testimony demonstrate?
the desire of labor leaders to achieve a shorter workday for all workers
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from the autobiography of Frederick Douglass. "I have often been asked, how I felt when first I found myself on free soil....A new world had opened upon me....I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life. It was a time of joyous excitement which words can but tamely describe. In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: "I felt as one might feel upon escape from a den of hungry lions." Which problem did Frederick Douglass expose in this excerpt?
the existence of a nation that was half slave and half free
Complexity: L What was the primary motivation for constructing the Panama Canal?
the needs of the U.S. Navy after the Spanish-American War
Complexity: M The passage below is from the 14th Amendment. "No state... shall... deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law." Which prior event was used by supporters to justify ratification of this amendment?
the passage of "Black Codes" in Southern states
Complexity: L Which rights were guaranteed by 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?
the right to personal freedom, equality before the law, and to vote in federal elections
Complexity: H The information below provides details about the Civil War in Florida. "In February 1864, 5,500 Union Troops pushed west of Jacksonville into the interior of Florida. They met an equal number of Confederate troops at Olustee on February 20." What was the main purpose of this movement of Union troops?
to cut off Florida beef and salt exports to the rest of the Confederacy
Complexity: M Why did Congress pass the 14th Amendment?
to guarantee that the rights of African Americans could not be challenged by the Supreme Court
Complexity: L What was the main purpose for the Freedmen's Bureau?
to help freed slaves by providing them with food, clothing and education
Complexity: L What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act (1887)?
to integrate Native Americans into mainstream society
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from the 14th Amendment. "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges... of citizens ... nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law..." What was the primary purpose behind the provisions in this excerpt?
to limit the ability of state governments to restrict individual rights
Complexity: M The certificate below was issued in 1919. What was the primary goal of the organization that issued this certificate?
to obtain better pay and conditions for skilled workers
Complexity: M The excerpt below is from a law enacted by Congress in 1890. "Section 1. Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. Section 2. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony." What was the purpose of this legislation?
to prevent a few companies from controlling an entire industry as a monopoly
Complexity: H The map below shows shipping routes in the early 1900s both before and after the constructionof the Panama Canal. The "Old Route" (dotted line) was before its construction and the "NewRoute" was afterwards. Based on the map, why did President Theodore Roosevelt and others want to build the Panama Canal?
to shorten the shipping route from New York to San Francisco
Complexity: L What was the main goal of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1860s and 1870s?
to terrorize freedmen so that they would not exercise their new rights
Complexity: L Which demand of American farmers was included in the 1892 platform of the Populist Party?
unlimited coinage of silver
Complexity: L Which issue divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era?
what conditions to impose on the Southern States for readmission into the Union