Quarter 4 US history

Rosa Parks was the _____ choice for ED Nixon to voluntarily violate the bus seating law.

4th choice

What did Elizabeth Eckford face on her way to school?

A mob of angry whites verbally harassing her

1950s culture notes part 2 (Notes are submitted already)

A problem of color... William Levitt- strong segregationist -by 1960,not a single resident of Levittown was black Suburbs throughout the US created strict laws preventing nonwhites from purchasing homes Redlining- banks would refuse loans or insurance to communities of color red= too risky to invest money to into the neighborhood White Flight White communities abandoned the inner cities and moved to the suburbs Minority communities primarily moved to the inner cities and "redlined" neighborhoods. In Summary More people having access to a middle class quality of life More wealth for more people 60 percent of Americans joined the "Middle Class" Issues of segregation and lack of access to wealth within communities of color

Why did NAACP members not select Claudette Colvin to be the face of the protest in Montgomery?

Because of her personality (feisty and mouthy) and NAACP members did not select Claudette Colvin to be the face of the protest in Montgomery because she was a teenager who was pregnant by a married man.

Governor Orval Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard to do which of the following?

Block African American students from entering an all white high school

Korean War Notes

Contextualization 1950-1953 Example of the "policy of Containment" US wants to contain the spread of communism 3) Hot War of the Cold War Korean History Ruled by Japan from 1910-1945 Japan used Koreans as slave workers and kidnapped them to fight in World War II After World War II, Koreans were promised independence at the Moscow Conference (1945). US and USSR said after 5 years of temporary control, they would regain control Split up Korea Korea will be divided along the 38th parallel The Soviet Union controlling the North United States controlling the South North Korea South Korea North Korean Leader: Kim ll Sung Communist dictator the Soviet Union put into power South Korean leader: Syngman Rhee Anti-communist dictator the US will put into power Korean Rejection Koreans reject the US and USSR government Boycott elections Protests and Attacks 600 killed in one election Both North and South Korea start cleansing their territory of each other Kim II Sung killed US supporters in North Korea Syngman Rhee killed Soviet supporters in South Korea 60,000 killed to rid the country of communists Soviet Union enters Kim II Sung convinced the Soviet Union to support a full attack on South Korea in 1950 Why? By 1949, Stalin got access to the atomic bomb - believed he could now attack without being afraid of US power First Attack US Responds China Responds June 25, 1950 North Korean People's Army (NKPA) surprise attacked South Korea United Nations responds with support (16 countries) 88% of money and soldiers were from the United States November 1950 China invades and pushed back US forces to South Korea Why China? Communist Revolution in China (1945-49) Mao ZeDong Defeated Chiang Kai Shek for communist control of the country Mao= Soviet Support Chiang= US support Peace Agreement July 27,1953- North and South Korea agreed to peace along the 38th parallel(Where the war started) "Korean Demilitarized Zone" Still Used Today Cold War Today China Vs. Taiwan China- Communist & Anti- American Taiwan- Capitalist & Pro- American North & South Korea North Korea-Communist & Anti-American South Korea- Capitalist & Pro-American

1950's culture notes (part 1.. rest to be completed next week)

Contextualization American Dream "Idea" 2.5 kids Dog House with a white picket fence Americans achieved a higher standard of living never achieved by any other country "Middle Class America" 1930s- Poverty of the Great Depression 1940s- Food Rationing and World War 2 1950s Emphasized: Sameness Conformity Postwar America Stimulated Postwar Economy GI Bill (Help for Veterans) Provided economic support for 15 million veterans returning home from the war 2 million attended college 16 billion in loans to buy homes Suburban Growth Levittown William J Levitt created 17,000 mass produced homes cheap for white middle class families Moving to the suburbs affordable How much was a Levittown House? Houses between 7000 and 8000 dollars Mortgage was $29 a month Baby Boomers Between 1945 and 1960, 50 million babies entered the United States population Result of a strong postwar economy, in which Americans felt confident they would be able to support a larger number of children. Car Culture 1956 Cadillac Biarritz 1950 Buick Roadmaster Suburbia helped to promote a "car culture" in the United States that made it easier to drive than to take public transportation What are three "tips" for women in The Good Wife's Guide Be happy to see him Great him with a warm smile and show sincerity in your desire to please him Listen to him. You may have a dozen important things to tell him, but the moment of his arrival is not the time.Let him talk first-remember, his topics of conversation are more important than yours. Women by the end of the 1950s Many women began to sense that there ought to be more to life than childcare and housework Growth of the Feminist Movement of the 1960s

Intro to Cold War Notes part 1

Contextualization Cold War (1945-1991) 1945- End of World War 2 1991- Fall of the Soviet Union At the end of World War 2 US and Soviet Union were the two main victors Americans and Soviets had little trust for each other Both wanted to be the largest "super-power" Capitalism vs. Communism Capitalism- Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual rights Politically, it is the system of freedom Legally it is a system of objective laws (rule of law as opposed to the rule of man) Economically, a strong belief in the free market Communism- A theory advocating the elimination of private property A system in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed A totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production Europe at the End of WWII - What were both nations afraid of? The Soviet Union was afraid the US was trying to take over the world The US was afraid that the Soviet Union was trying to take over the world Iron Curtain Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain Speech" 1946 The iron curtain symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas Named by Winston Churchill The dividing line between capitalism and communism

End of Cold War notes

Contextualization Cold War (1945-1991) 1945- End of World War 2 1991- Fall of the Soviet Union At the end of World War 2 US and Soviet Union were the two main victors Americans and Soviets had little trust for each other Both wanted to be the largest "super-power" Capitalism vs. Communism Capitalism- Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual rights Politically, it is the system of freedom Legally it is a system of objective laws (rule of law as opposed to the rule of man) Economically, a strong belief in the free market Communism- A theory advocating the elimination of private property A system in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed A totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production Europe at the End of WWII - What were both nations afraid of? The Soviet Union was afraid the US was trying to take over the world The US was afraid that the Soviet Union was trying to take over the world Iron Curtain Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain Speech" 1946 The iron curtain symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas Named by Winston Churchill The dividing line between capitalism and communism Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947 President Harry S. Truman asked Congress for 400 million in military and economic assistance for Turkey and Greece Why Important? The US would provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces Why Turkey & Greece? Turkey and Greece were experiencing a communist revolution to overthrow capitalism Marshall Plan Marshall Plan -1947 (European Recovery Plan) American Initiative to aid Europe US gave 17 billion in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War 2 Money to support capitalist governments NATO treaty, 1949 Warsaw Pact, 1955 Alliances in Europe NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization April 4th, 1949 Represents an alliance of capitalist countries located around the North Atlantic Ocean (Led by the united States) Warsaw Pact May 14, 1955 In response to NATO,eight communist countries created an alliance (led by Soviet Union).

MC carthyism notes

Contextualization Joseph McCarthy Wisconsin Senator from 1947-1957 Famous for making claims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere. What is McCarthyism? Definition: Campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950-54 HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee Definition: An investigative committee in the government that looked into suspected cases of subversion and disloyalty to the US government Communism in the Movies 1938- H.U.A.C released a report stating many in Hollywood were communist sympathizers Called some of the most famous celebrities to testify before Congress Hollywood Blacklist(1946-47) 10 individuals in Hollywood who refused to answer H.U.A.C 's questions if they were loyal to the communist party or not. Used their 1st amendment rights to not answer the questions These 10 men were blacklisted and never worked in Hollywood again Political Cartoon 1 - What is the message of this cartoon? A bunch of people in the HUAC is on the hunt to hunt communists and catch them. The car represents the HUAC going around causing chaos in the US, destroying the lives of people and their careers in order to find communists. Political Cartoon 2 - What is the message of this cartoon? McCarthy is standing up and saying that he has the information regarding communists. He has two documents on his table indicating that he faked the documentation and lied, making the whole thing up (as seen by the fire like drawing on the documents). Was it real? Joseph McCarthy's information was faked to push a message of fear within the United States.

Vietnam Notes

Contextualization Vietnamese History French ruled Vietnam from 1884-1941 Japan ruled Vietnam from 1941-1945 1945- France wants to regain control of Vietnam after World War II Viet Minh- communist political party that wanted Vietnamese independence from France and the "western world" Leader- Ho Chi Minh US & Soviet Union North Vietnam- communist and supported by the USSR South Vietnam-capitalist and supported by the USA US in South Vietnam Ngo Dihn Diem US supported dictator in South Vietnam (1954-1963) Living in New Jersey South Vietnamese did not support his as their leader Diem was Catholic Vietnamese were Buddhist How did Buddhist monks protest the rule of Diem in South VIetnam? Buddhist monks coordinated movements where they sit in the middle of streets, pour gasoline on themselves, set themselves on fire and meditate. Assassination 1963- The US organized a coup and removed Diem from power The CIA organized and carried out an assassination of Diem Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) Questionable activity and attacks happen here President Johnson given "war powers" to use direct military forces in Vietnam August 2nd 1964- US Maddox was attacked by North Vietnamese forces August 4th, 1954- US Turner Joy was attacked by North Vietnamese forces President Johnson "Open aggression on the high seas" August 7th,1964- United States started bombing North Vietnam "The Truth" US Maddox -They fired their guns on patrol on Aug 2nd at nothing "Those sailors out there may have been shooting at flying fish" US Turner Joy There was no attack on US Turner Joy on August 4th Completely fabricated story In Conclusion Gulf of Tonkin attacks will motivate the American public to approve a war in Vietnam. Domino Theory If one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

Who did E.D. Nixon choose to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

E.D Nixon chose the city and the King to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Compare and contrast the actions of the Nixon administration with the opinions of the American public.

EXPLANATION Although Americans wanted a deescalation in Vietnam, Nixon ordered troops to engage in fighting in Cambodia as well. Americans wanted to get out of Vietnam, yet bombing Cambodia was an escalation.

What impact did events like the Kent State Massacre, My Lai Massacre, and the release of the Pentagon Papers have on the American public?

EXPLANATION Finding out about the awful actions of government officials, soldiers at war and at home caused Americans to feel disillusioned about their leaders. Events shocked and enraged the public, causing great distrust of the government.

Resistance to Vietnam War Notes

Event # 1 1969- Draft Lottery_____ Americans did not want to fight in the Vietnam War US was desperate for soldiers to serve Event # 2 _1969- Woodstock____ Music Festival to celebrate Peace and Music Woodstock was seminal event of the younger generation "Counter Culture" "Woodstock became a platform for the counterculture movement of the 60s, legitimizing young people's perspectives on the Vietnam war, civil rights, and freedom" Event # 3 _1970- Draft Card Protests____ Students across the country burned their draft cards in protest Illegal by government law Event # 4 _1970-Kent State Massacre____ Students were striking around the country Colleges campuses were closing down due to protests Ohio National Guard fired on college students at Kent State University 4 students are killed, 9 students are injured 4 million students walked out of schools in protest More Americans joined the anti-war movement Event # 5 _1972- My Lai Massacre____ 1968- Charlie Company had massacred 500 people in the small town of My Lai Army covered up the evidence to hide the truth The book-My Lai 4 showed Americans the brutality of war End of the War Why did the US lose? Anti-war movement in the United States North Vietnam had the support of Soviet Union/China The North Vietnamese were fighting for independence (Motivated) Americans were fighting a war they didn't believe in

Actively learn

How did early childhood experiences affect the course of Malcolm X's life? EXPLANATION Angered by the burning of his home and death of his father, Malcolm X blamed the white man for blacks' oppression. Malcolm X blamed whites for the tragedies that occurred in his childhood and was angry about slavery. What made the Nation of Islam so attractive to African Americans? EXPLANATION The Nation of Islam tried to restore what had been taken away by slavery; black pride and African traditions. It focused on black pride and tried to restore African heritage where it had been lost. How did the impact of the Nation of Islam affect the course of Malcolm X's life and philosophy? EXTRA HELP How did Malcolm X come into contact with the Nation of Islam? How were his views adjusted by their teachings? The impact of the Nation of Islam affected the course of Malcolm X's life and philosophy because he first came into contact with the Nation of Islam when he was in prison and the Nation of Islam encouraged African Americans to rely on each other and pushed blacks to create their own schools, churches, etc and when Malcolm X himself converted, Elijah Muhammad, made him a spokesperson of the black Muslims. This affected his view towards white Americans as stated in the text, "As Martin Luther King preached his gospel of peaceful change and integration in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Malcolm X delivered a different message: whites were not to be trusted. He called on African Americans to be proud of their heritage and to set up strong communities without the help of white Americans." This shows that Malcolm X learned to not trust white Americans and his views changed towards them. He now believed that African Americans should be proud of their heritage and to be strong without the aid of white Americans. He also changed his views on violence as a result of the nation of Islam. He believed that violence was a type of "self-defense" and not just an answer. He later preached his ideas to urban audiences from 1963-1965 and those ideas still live on today in black power movements.

What is one thing from the Civil Rights Movement that you are interested in learning more about?

I am interested in learning more about how women, latinos, and gay people played a role in the civil rights movement protests.

What was the impact of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution? *Select all that apply

In order to see the enemy, defoliants Agent Orange and napalm were dropped onto the jungle. The United States began an aggressive bombing campaign that stretched all over Southeast Asia.

What made the prosperity of the 1950s different from other periods of prosperity in American History?

It benefited about 60 percent of Americans. Allowing them to enjoy a middle class standard of living.

What did Jo Ann Robinson ask the black community to do in response to Park's arrest?

Jo Ann Robinson asked the black community to not ride the bus at all in response to Park's arrest.

According to the young interview subject from Harlem, which three heroes have been "cut down"?

John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr.

What leads to the narrator's conclusion that King "had to go"?

King was starting to publicly question our economic system.

Despite the Brown v. Board of Education and the dispatching of Federal troops, by the end ofthe 1950s how many black students attended integrated schools in the South?

Less than 2%

Explain what McCarthyism is and how it affected American society.

McCarthyism is the practice of accusing some Americans of being communist and doing communist actions even though they really were not communist. It is basically a campaign against alleged communists in the US government. Some Americans were afraid of Communists because they supported the Soviet Union USA and USSR were against Hitler, some communists spied for Russians, and they have been seen as a threat to national security. Joe McCarthy was an ambitious politician who used the hearings about communists in America as a "partisan" weapon to falsely accuse Democrats of being on communism. He is a Republican senator from Wisconsin who was known for creating lists of alleged communists in the state Department with the support of other politicians. The House Un-American Activities Committee was created in 1938 to investigate any communist action on private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties.

What are you initial take-aways after learning about the Little Rock Crisis? What was interesting to you? What frustrated you? Be specific about your thoughts.

My initial takeaways after learning about the little rock crisis is how the military protected black students, how mobs of white students harassed black students and the event of the first retaliation against white harassment. I was interested to learn that they actually had 101 paratroopers surrounding the 9 black teenagers who attended the white high school in order to prevent bullying/attacks, etc. I was also interested to see how one black student actually retaliated against white harassment (the chili incident). The parts that I thought were frustrating where how despite the mobs of white people kept harassing the black students, schools still remained integrated and I think at that point, schools should have become segregated.

Which three Presidential Candidates did Eldridge Cleaver claim represent "the very worst tradition to ever crawl from beneath the rocks of this bankrupt country"?

Nixon, Humphrey, Wallace

Actively Learn

Paraphrase the law described in Section 369. EXTRA HELP Think about the main goal of the law. Write it in your own words. The law described in Section 369 basically states that it is unlawful for a restaurant to have white and colored people in the same room unless they are separated by a distance of seven feet or more and if the colored had a separate entrance from the street. The laws were designed... to prevent african Americans and whites from socializing with each other Based on these laws, what can you infer about the attitudes and beliefs many Southerners had about African-Americans? Support your answer with evidence from the text. EXTRA HELP How do you think many people felt about African-Americans? I can infer that Southerners had a belief that African-Americans are lower than them and don't have the right to be treated equally. Southerners had an attitude towards African-Americans where they would not play or see or hang out with them. According to the text in section 369, it states that it is unlawful for a restaurant to have white and colored people in the same room unless they are separated by a distance of seven feet or more and if the colored had a separate entrance from the street. This shows that whites don't want to associate themselves along with the black community. Also, according to section 359, it states, "It shall be unlawful for any member of one race to use or occupy any entrance, exit or seating or standing section set aside for and assigned to the use of members of the other race. This shows that Southerners view blacks as a "toxic" community and as lower-class people. Finally, according to section 1413, it states, "Every owner or operator of any jitney, bus or taxicab in the city shall provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races." This shows that Southerners were fine with blacks having everything that whites did, but they did not want to be a part of the black community still, hence "Separate, but Equal". Basically, white Southerners believed that if anyone tried to do anything of a black person or helped black people, they are in trouble.

1980s notes 5/26/21 (Submitted already!)

Reagan wins in 1980 Reagan won the Electoral College 489-49 Republicans captured the senate for the first time since 1955 Conservatives were back Reaganomics guides the Economy Reagan based economic policy on supply-side economics More commonly known as Reaganomics What does this mean? If taxes are reduced, people will work more and have more money to spend, causing the economy to grow With more spending, the government will then collect more taxes Trickle Down Economics Money trickles from the rich to the poor Cut taxes on the rich-> the rich will invest that money and create jobs for everyone Tax Rates Today? What is the tax rate for the highest income earners in the US? 37% federal tax (for the highest income earner in the US) What is the highest tax rate in the world right now? Portugal- 61% (This is the highest) Slovenia- 61% Belgium- 58% Finland- 57.5% Sweden- 57% What do critics of Trickle Down Theory argue? (Image in slides) It doesn't work On the left image, the trickle down economy is presented in the fact that trickle down economics promises that the wealthy get the money (as they spend more) this will create jobs for the middle classes. (as they spend more) this will create jobs for the lower classes . On the right image, the trickle down economy is presented as a scam in the fact that it doesn't work because it's not guaranteed that the lower classes would get jobs as a result of the money investment of the middle and wealthy classes. Reaganomics guides the Economy (Part 2) Economic Recovery Act of 1981 Reduced taxes by 25% over three years Richest received the highest tax cut Why? Reagan argued that the wealthy would use the money to invest in new businesses Reagan also convinced Congress to cut about 40 billion from the federal budget. Where did this money come from? Mostly social programs Welfare Food Stamps Which group gained the most income in the 1980s? The wealthiest 5% gained the most income in the 1980s. Deregulation Reagan also reduced the government's role in the economy. This was called deregulation Removal of government control over industry By mid-1980s, airlines, tele-communications, and banking deregulated Cut funding for federal agencies that oversaw other industries Effects of Reaganomics Fixed Inflation (key problem of the 1970s) Less Taxes= more money for families and more jobs Less regulation= goods are cheaper Less taxes for social programs Large budget deficits National Debt (1 Trillion to 3 Trillion) 6) Massive Military Spending to end the Cold War Part 2 - Foreign and Domestic Entanglements What did Reagan label the Soviet Union? Reagan labeled the Soviet Union as an "Evil Empire" How did military spending change under Reagan? Military spending increased under Reagan since he believed that achieving concessions was possible when dealing from a position of superiority. What was the Reagan Doctrine? The Reagan Doctrine was a government policy that pledged american support to "Freedom Fighters" opposing communism anywhere in the world. And what are two examples given that support the vision of his "Doctrine" Funds and CIA training were awarded to the government of El Salvador in the effort of defeating the communist guerillas The US gave support to the Mujahideen Rebels who fought against soviet occupation of Afghanistan What other "international menace" was growing in the 1980s? The other international menace that was growing in the 1980s was state-sponsored terrorism. And what event occurred in October of 1983 to provide evidence of that? 239 Marines were killed in Lebanon by a suicide bomber to provide evidence of that. ** Do you see the growth of terrorist related activities in the 1970s & 1980s against the United States and western countries? Key Ideas: End of Cold War and Collapse of Communism Growth of Terrorism

What was the "rule" throughout the country?

Rigid segregation

Who refused to move to the back of the bus in Montgomery?

Rosa Parks

What actions did Rosa Parks take in her second interaction with James Blake?

Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus and she was arrested as a result.

Why was Minnie Jean Brown kicked out of Central High School?

She retalliated against the white harassment

How did the small Communist Party in America attract the attention of the American public?

Some had spied for the Soviet Union during World War II.

Exit Slip

Some of the differences that I see between the non-violent approach to the Civil Rights movement and the aggressive approach of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael is that according to the Black power Mixtape video 1967, Stokely Carmichael took an active approach by delivering numerous speeches about what is right for the black people and what black people should believe which lead to more chaos eventually. Likewise, Malcolm X, on the other hand, was influenced by the Nation of Islam which affected the course of his life and he first came into contact with the Nation of Islam when he was in prison and the Nation of Islam encouraged African Americans to rely on each other and pushed blacks to create their own schools, churches, etc and when Malcolm X himself converted, Elijah Muhammad, made him a spokesperson of the black Muslims. This affected his view towards white Americans as stated in the actively learn article, "As Martin Luther King preached his gospel of peaceful change and integration in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Malcolm X delivered a different message: whites were not to be trusted. He called on African Americans to be proud of their heritage and to set up strong communities without the help of white Americans." This shows that Malcolm X learned to not trust white Americans and his views changed towards them. He now believed that African Americans should be proud of their heritage and to be strong without the aid of white Americans. He also changed his views on violence as a result of the nation of Islam. He believed that violence was a type of "self-defense" and not just an answer. He later preached his ideas to urban audiences from 1963-1965 and those ideas still live on today in black power movements, which is part of his aggressive approach. On the other hand, in the non-violent approach to the Civil Rights Movement, there were more parades, marches, and protests (as presented in the documentary for Black power mixtapes of 1967 and 1968) which were more peaceful as well. There were also boycotts (black people would sit in a restaurant and not order anything just in the effort to end segregation), sit-ins that occurred as well which did not lead to chaos and more destruction. While some were outspoken, others decided to peacefully end racial segregation and inequality.

All of the following happened when the students went to school

Students were taken to school in a military style convoy Students were assigned soldiers as personal guards between classes White students still harassed the African American students

According to John Green, what is the greatest invention in human history that began to make its way into American homes in the 1950s?

Television

Even though the American public's opinion of the war in Vietnam was souring, explain why the government took so long to withdraw troops from Vietnam. Then explain the results of their strategy.

The government took so long to withdraw troops from Vietnam because it would have lead to a defeat of the non-communist south Vietnamese allies if they pulled the troops immediately. As a result, they executed a plan for Vietnamization: the South Vietnamese became able to defend themselves, the US troops would slowly pull out of the war. The results of this strategy were that it did little to end the anti-war movement and further led to the invasion of Cambodia (bombing of Vietcong bases) the Kent State and My Lai Massacres (due to the anger from the war) and finally escalated to the bombing of the North Vietnamese cities by December of 1972. Soon there was a "peace with honor" agreement made among North and South Vietnam, followed by an attack by the North to capture Saigon, and by this point, the US was out, but their "political objectives" for the region ended up in a failure. I American troops withdrew before the Vietcong surrendered, there would have been a communist takeover with Saigon which is why president Nixon had the idea to allow South Vietnamese troops to stand on their own. Once the US pulled out, they opened fire on young peasants in MyLai, Vietnam.

What was the lasting impact of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? (it say it in the last sentence)

The lasting impact of the Montgomery Bus Boycott was that it triggered the national civil rights movement and made King a leader and ended desegregation of public buses.

Was the protest effective? How?

The protest was effective by the boycotters organizing a system of carpools that people would transit in instead of buses, therefore causing economic distress. The boycott leaders also arranged policies with Lloyd's of London which helped take care of the pressure put on insurance companies to stop insuring cars in the carpool. Though many were arrested and ordered to stay in Jail, it rather brought more national attention to the protest, making the protest beneficial.

What happened once the 9 African American students were allowed to enter Central High School?

The students were sent home due to violence from the white mob

List two factors that led many Americans to question the United States' involvement in Vietnam.

The two factors that led many Americans to question the United States' involvement in Vietnam was that the intense bombing campaign that stretched all across southeast Asia did not deter the communists because they burrowed underground in order to keep the supply lines open and the "search and destroy mission" backfiring because the VC were very adept at keeping their identity hidden and it was very hard for the US to just attack the North Vietnamese and not the South Vietnamese. Also, many Americans were dying at a rate of 100 per week which proves that the US is not winning and that's the cost that the Americans were paying as a result of their effort in Vietnam. Since the VC were always one step ahead of the US no matter what the US tried to do, shows that the US involvement in Vietnam isn't very beneficial. (Media was a big cause as well)

How did McCarthy and Hoover react to the idea of Communists in America?

They launched investigations on anyone they suspected of being a Communist.

Black Power Mixtape 1967

This interview subject is most likely: vietnam war veteran Abiodun Oyewole, the narrator of this section, was a founding member of this first hip-hop group: the last poets Who was Stokely Carmichael? socialist organizer in the Civil Rights Movement Stokely Carmichael's main criticism of Dr. King's non-violent approach is: it relies upon the conscience of its opponent. According to the narrator, what led many civil rights activists to stand up for themselves? common sense

What tactic did the Vietnamese Communists find effective as they fought American soldiers?

Vietcong burrowed tunnels under the earth and infiltrated the villages so they were not easily identified.

Actively Learn

What does it mean to have "a more diplomatic approach?" To have a more diplomatic approach means to have an approach where good relations between two countries are maintained in order to solve a problem. How was history changed when JFK was assassinated? Use specifics from the text to defend your response. History changed when JFK was assassinated because Kennedy's plan was to "exit Vietnam as quickly as possible without losing a soldier" according to the text. This shows that because of President Kennedy's assassination that plan changed. According to the text it states, "58,220 U.S. military personnel died. So did well over a million Vietnamese". This shows that this is what changed really as a result of JFK being assassinated and how JFK would have handled Vietnam during an election year became unknown.

North & South Korea Edpuzzle

What two countries are at war? North and South Korea Which of the following is NOT required of the guards at the DMZ? (they have to be tall and have black belts) What country colonized Korea in 1910? Japan Along which latitude line is North Korea split from South Korea? 38th parallel Which country started the Korean War? north korea Did the US support North Korea or South Korea? south korea Who's flag along the DMZ is larger? north korea's We know of 4 tunnels dug through the rock by the North Koreans to invade the South. How many more are believed to exist? 20 Koreans hope to... reunite north and south korea TRUE or FALSE: The DMZ is both a physical and an ideological separation between North and South Korea. true

Brown Decision Notes (Submitted)

What was the immediate cause of the Civil Rights Movement? The immediate cause of the Civil Rights Movement was World War 2 The Brown Decision In 1954, the US supreme court ruled in Brown v Board of Education that separate public schools for black and white children were unconstitutional. Linda Brown 1951- 3rd grade student in Topeka, Kansas Walk 6 blocks to her bus-stop Take the bus one-mile to her school- Monroe Elementary White school- 7 blocks from Brown's house Board of Education - Topeka, Kansas Segregation of white and black children was legal Plessy v Ferguson (1896)- Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal in public facilities "Separate, but equal" Used to justify segregation in the United States Supreme Court You must have a Constitutional Argument in front of the Court. Thurgood Marshall 14th amendment- guarantees equal protection under the law Psychologist Arguments "Sense of Inferiority" "..any efforts to prove they were not inferior to whites "would be doomed to failure." Earl Warren Changed the Supreme Court's opinion "Separate but equal" is unconstitutional Overturned Plessy v Ferguson All schools in the US need to integrate Warrens Arguments "Feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds..." "Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children...." Effects Linda Brown attended an integrated junior high school in Topeka, Kansas All schools in Kansas integrated smoothly Problem... Earl Warren's opinion "Schools must integrate with all deliberate speed" Little Rock Crisis (finished the edpuzzle 10:35 am) 1957- President Eisenhower had to call the 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School

Edpuzzle

What were some of the tactics utilized by the police to try and shut the protests down? You should be able to name at least 3. Firehoses, using police dogs, and mass arrest were some of the tactics utilized by the police to try and shut the protests down. According to the video, how did the TV have a positive effect on the Civil Rights Movement, especially there in Birmingham? The TV had a positive effect on the Civil Rights Movement because it demonstrated how black people continued to fight for their freedom and rose public awareness as to what was going on in birmingham, Alabama.

Women's Daily Routine (document is submitted! Done!)

What were suburban women doing? (Provide evidence to support your answer?) How did they feel? (Provide evidence to support your answer?) Suburban women made breakfast for their husband while they get ready and spend time with them before the kids get up. According to the text, it states, "In most cases the wife rises with her husband, makes breakfast while he shaves, and has a cup of coffee with him." This shows that suburban women often did things for their husbands to make them happy. Following that, during the day, women helped their children, kept the house clean, and even did some shopping. To end it all, they had to wash the enormous amount of dishes at the end of the day. According to the text it states, "Often by the time the husband returns the children are ready for bed. Then he and his wife eat their supper and wash the Dishes." This shows how this type of routine is what suburban women did on a daily basis back then nonstop. Suburban women felt like this was a tiring, boring, and monotonous process. According to the text it states, "For the women this is a long, monotonous (boring) daily routine.... the women want a "change". This shows that women felt that trying to make breakfast/spend time with their husband, trying to cope with the needs of children with housekeeping and shopping to do, and washing the dishes at the end of the night was a long exhausting daily routine that was boring and they felt like they needed a change from that, so they often went to the movies.

Korean War Edpuzzle

Which country, that became communist in 1949, was the MAJOR communist power that we fought during the Korean Conflict? China The combined forces in South Korea were placed under the command of ___, a former WWII hero in the Pacific. Gen Doug. McArthur What is the approximate border between North and South Korea before the war, at multiple times during the war, and after the war? 38th parallel Approximately how many Americans died in the Korean Conflict? 33,000 Approximately how many Korean and Chinese citizens were killed between 1950-1953? 4 million True or False: The US alone came to South Korea's aid. false Why did Truman fire General MacArthur? He argued with the president and wanted to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese. How did the war end in 1953? They agreed to a ceasefire and it "ended" in a stalemate. Neither side won anything.

Check in Edpuzzle

Which of the following is a characteristic of Malcolm's father? He was a follower of Marcus Garvey He was most likely murdered by the Ku Klux Klan He was a Baptist preacher After dropping out of school and moving north, what type of life did Malcolm take on? criminal What malcolm did in prison: Became a Muslim Joined the Nation of Islam (NOI) led by Elijah Muhammad Changed his last name to X To overcome white oppression, what did Malcolm X 's version of Black Nationalism NOT rule out? violence What did Malcolm X realize after his 1963 pilgrimage to Mecca? Racial equality could be achieved peacefully Why is Malcolm X historically significant? in a forceful way, he communicated the nature of racial inequality (an issue still present today)

Actively Learn american vs unamerican

Who and what defined what it meant to be an "American" in the 1950s? Be sure to use at least two examples from the text. EXTRA HELP How did McCarthy feel about those who believed in Communism? What efforts did he and others like him make to get rid of people who didn't agree with him? Why were homosexuals grouped in with Communists? Following by societal standards (following a certain religion, social status, and beliefs) was the line drawn for who was considered an "American" in the 1950s. Americans viewed communism as a potential to create a radical revolution and a way of people leaking information to the Russians. McCarthy viewed people who believed in communism as people who challenged the status quo and tried to overthrow the US government. The efforts that McCarthy and others made to get rid of people who didn't agree with him are the HUAC which helped with getting rid of any possible mark of communism as well, altering the pledge of allegiance to "one nation under God", confiscating the passport of those US citizens who believed in communism, asking people whether or not they were communist before they entered a building, and also as propaganda through entertainment industries, also according to the text. As a result of all of this hysteria, homosexuals were grouped in with Communists due to the adaptation of most Americans trying to blend in with the society around them during such a turbulent time. Why was homosexuality linked with communism? Homosexuality was linked with communism because in order to avoid persecution as a communist Americans learned to be like the people around them and so this gave a rise to the lavender scare where homosexuality was linked with being communist. What was the job of the HUAC? EXPLANATION Paragraph 21 states, "After the war, the H.U.A.C. was given the explicit task of investigating Communism." to find all possible Communist spies in America, in government, entertainment, or wherever What were the Rosenberg's accused of? The Rosenbergs were accused of passing secret documents (that Julius had access to since he was in the army) regarding the atomic bomb to the soviet officials. What ideas were people in the 1950s extremely opposed to? EXPLANATION Paragraph 11 states, "The public feared the possibility of Communists infiltrating the federal government." They were afraid of Communist ideas or opinions. The Communist Party grew in popularity during the great depression True Did McCarthy have evidence of communists in the government? no What does it mean to be "American," and what does it mean to be "Un-American"? Brainstorm a list for both based on your personal opinion and experience. To be American means to follow the principles of democracy while being Un-American means to go against Democracy and follow the practices of communism and supporting government control over the people. Being un-American means trying to attack the capital (as it has been in 2021) and physically destroy the symbols of democracy while being American is trying to peacefully protest for what one wants. It is the ability for one to state their opinions abiding by their rights.

Bombingham Notes

Why Bombingham? 50 dynamite explosions between 1947 and 1965 At first, used against black families attempting to move into white neighborhoods Later, used against anyone working towards desegregation 2) Neighborhood- "Dynamite Hill" Who was bombing Birmingham? Ku Klux Klan Sept. 15, 1963 Bomb exploded before Sunday service at a predominantly black church 16th street church Meeting place for civil rights leaders Aftermath of the 16th street Church Four young girls were killed in the blast 20 others injured Why? Federal Judges ordered all Alabama schools to integrate Bombs started to go off in birmingham again Protestors will gather in Birmingham show support for the Civil Rights Movement MLK will arrive to speak at the funeral for the girls killed in the church BIG IDEA By 1963, the civil Rights movement was not widely successful Bull Connor Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham Strong segregationist Strongly opposed the Civil Rights movement 2) Worked with KKK to intimidate Civil Rights protestors Impact of Birmingham Bull Connor's use of fire hoses and dogs backfired National News recorded the protests First time, All Americans viewed the hardships faced by Black americans in the South JFK "The Civil Rights Movement should thank god for Bull Connor. He's helped it as much as Abraham Lincoln." Federal Government Response National Outrage forced Congress and LBJ to pass reform Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965

Edpuzzle Cold War Crash Course

Why is the conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union considered a "COLD" War? It never resulted in armed conflict betwwen nations Which of these is a FALSE STATEMENT? The Soviet Union had atomic weapons right after WWII The Soviet goal after WWII was to set up communist governments in Eastern Europe to create what? A "buffer" with the west What was overall U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism worldwide? containment How did the Truman Doctrine push the view on Americans of the divide of America and Communism? America Free, Communist Tyrannical The Marshall Plan was created to prevent communism and rebuild___________after WWII. Europe How was Germany/Berlin divided after WWII? Soviets/Stalin controlled East Germany/East Berlin Which of the following did NOT happen in 1949? Germany surrendered in WWII. Which forms of entertainment showed the public fear of communism in the United States? Movies and art Why was the U.S. highway system created during the Cold War? Evacuation routes in case of nuclear attack The "Red Scare" refers to... The Anti-Communist sentiment and fear that spread throughout the United States during the Cold War

The NAACP, led by Thurgood Marshall, challenged the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that stated:

all public facilities are to be separate but equal

How did President Eisenshower respond to the events in Little Rock?

called in US military

Black power mixtape 1968The narrator implies that Martin Luther King Jr. was killed because he:

challenged War profiteering

What two factors helped create a culture of "Consensus" (widespread agreement)?

cold war and affluence

The 1950s established our ideas of American _____ culture.

consumer (buy and sell stuff)

The viewer can infer that the narrator:

disagrees with King's philosophy of non-violence.

The Last Poets (arguable the first hip-hop group) are described as:

disciples of Malcolm X.

1980s part 2 notes (submitted)

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14h89ubbEUlkhzeZep0Pq5WL-nIwKggUQFcv_hYv5UXI/edit

1970s day 2 notes may 21 2021

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_dpG7pWEN0coTsv_2NQTaMgfBuM1Z8pKPebPxF0PeOY/edit

JFK Assassination Edpuzzle

https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/60995dd89d0b1d4154298acc/watch

Vietnam War Edpuzzle May 14th

https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/609e8913dd0ce84191eb508e/watch

Edpuzzle may 21 2021

https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/60a7e007275f3f411c2e909f/watch

Edpuzzle 1980s culture 5/26

https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/60ae8564d93da7414bb1d013/watch

berlin wall fall edpuzzle (submitted)

https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/60b1176034feaa414c8dbc44/watch

Actively learn (The cold War ends) (Submitted)

https://read.activelylearn.com/#student/reader/3665685/notes

According to narrator Angela Davis, what connection did King criticize?

militarism and racism

According to the wealthy, which of the following qualify as "tampering with the playground of the wealthy"?

providing free education for all citizens providing a living wage to workers providing free healthcare for all citizens

Levittown is an example of the rapid growth of _____ during the 1950s

suburbs

This frame shows King meeting with Kung Gustaf VI Adolf. Through context, you can infer that this footage was shot in:

sweden

Suburbs that sprang up during the 1950's were almost completely white, and remained that way for decades.

true

1970s notes r submitted!! Done!

"A Time of Malaise" Malaise An indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health A vague sense of mental or moral ill-being 1968 Election Richard Nixon won the election in 1968 because he promised "Peace in Vietnam" Vietnamization- Training South Vietnamese to fight the war themselves Operation Menu Secret bombing campaign in Cambodia between 1969-1970 Nixon hoped the secret bombing would end the Vietnam War quietly Keep the public happy with "Peace in Vietnam" 270 million cluster bombs dropped on Laos "A plane load of bombs every 8 minutes, 24 hours a day, for 9 years" Election of 1972 Americans start to learn about the secret bombings of Cambodia and Laos Nixon was terrified he would not win his re-election campaign Watergate Hotel June 17, 1972- Headquarters of the Democratic National Committee was broken into overnight by burglars. Attempting to wiretap phones and stealing secret documents Janitor found tape covering the latches to the door (stay unlocked) All 5 burglars were arrested that evening by the police All 5 burglars were being paid from Nixon's Committee to Re-elect the president CREEP Woodward & Bernstein Reporters from the Washington Post Secret Informant from inside the government Deepthroat- code name for the informant "Follow the money trail of the burglars" Results of Investigation Nixon had sent hundreds of thousands of dollars in "hush money" to the burglars Nixon was using the CIA to stop the FBI's investigation of him Nixon was using the IRS to investigate his enemies to keep them quiet "I'm not a crook" John Dean, White House Counsel Admitted under oath, Nixon was covering up the Watergate Scandal Told the court,"Nixon had every conversation in the Oval Office recorded" Nixon's Response Nixon refused to hand over the recorded tapes "Executive Privilege" 2) Saturday Night Massacre- Nixon fired all government lawyers who were investigating him 3) Justice Department- forced Nixon to hand over the recorded tapes He sent them copies with 20 minutes edited and erased Supreme Court 1974- Supreme Court ordered all tapes to be turned over to the DOJ August 8, 1974- Richard Nixon will resign as President of the United States Why is this important? Watergate forever changed the idea of "a politician" in our country Politicians will now be viewed as corrupt and scandalous 1970's Music After Watergate,Vietnam War,Civil Rights Mvt.,and major assassinations, Americans withdrew from politics. Turned to pop-culture friendly music Wanted music that escaped the political turmoil of the 1960s At one time, "everybody believed what the government said...people disagreed over policy, but not over honesty," Goldford said. "The myth of the president as always a great, trustful, moral leader ended. You went from taking what a politician said with a grain of salt to a huge block of salt."

According to this speaker (Stokely Carmichael), who "killed Dr. King last night"?

"White America"

1980s exit slip 5/26

1) Reagan changed the economy in the 1980s by increasing military spending and further promoting the idea of a trickle-down economy (by cutting taxes, more investments are made in order to create jobs) 2) Reagan changed international policy in the 1980s by using the "Reagan Doctrine" which stated that the US will support anyone trying to get rid of communism around the world. 3) Fashion, music, technology, radio, and sports/news advertising are what defined 1980s culture.