Quiz 3 Patho
A baseball player was hit in the head with a bat during practice. In the emergency department, the physician tells the family that he has a "coup" injury. How will the nurse explain this to the family so they can understand?
"Your son has a contusion of the brain at the site where the bat hit his head."
During a flu shot clinic, one of the questions the student nurse asks relates to whether the client has a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The client asks, "What is that?" How should the nursing student reply?
"A type of paralysis that affects movement on both sides of the body. It may even involve the respiratory muscles."
An adult has sought care for treatment of headaches that have been increasing in severity and frequency. Recently, the client was diagnosed with migraines. Which teaching points should the health care provider emphasize?
"It would be helpful for you to take control of your diet, sleep schedule, and stress levels."
A client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of:
An immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelinization of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve
Following a collision while mountain biking, the diagnostic work up of a 22-year-old male has indicated the presence of an acute subdural hematoma. Which pathophysiologic process most likely underlies his diagnosis?
Blood has accumulated between the man's dura and subarachnoid space.
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson disease places the Parkinson's client most at risk for:
Falls and injury
A client has an increase in core body temperature. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?
Flushed skin
Which pathophysiologic process occurs in cases of bacterial meningitis?
Inflammation allows pathogens to cross into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Neurotransmitters like catecholamines (e.g., dopamine and epinephrine) have a reaction time of:
Milliseconds
A client asks why his temperature is always below 98.6°F (37°C). The nurse responds:
Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97°F (36.1°C) to 99.5°F (37.5°C).
A client who has experienced a spinal cord injury still has use of the arms but has impaired motor and sensory function of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs. Which term best describes how this injury is classified?
Paraplegia
The nurse is providing client education to a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse most accurately describes the disease progression as:
Parkinson's is a chronic condition and treatment aims to manage symptoms.
Which intervention provides the most accurate information about core temperature?
Rectal temperature
The transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by which action?
Release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings
The nursing assistant reports to the registered nurse that a client with a brain tumor has a blood pressure of 180/100 mm Hg and a pulse of 50 bpm. Which action is the correct nursing intervention?
Report to physician the client's signs of increased intracranial pressure.
A 7-year-old child had an emergency appendectomy during the night. When trying to assess the child's pain, the nurse should:
Show the child a scale with faces of actual children and have the child point to the picture that best describes how he or she is feeling.
The MRA scan of a client with a suspected stroke reports ruptured berry aneurysm. The nurse plans care for a client with:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
As the nurse is performing a physical assessment of a client, the client begins to have seizure activity including loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse's priority is to:
protect the client from injury.
The nurse is aware that some drugs may be prevented from entering the brain as a function of:
the blood-brain barrier.
The most common cause of ischemic stroke is:
thrombosis
