QUIZ 8 (Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction)

a sperm cell.

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids.

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

C) produces offspring genetically identical to the parent

Asexual reproduction _____. A) leads to a loss of genetic material B) is limited to plants C) produces offspring genetically identical to the parent D) is limited to single-cell organisms E) requires both meiosis and mitosis

E) all of these

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are different in that A) individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%. B) asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring. C) asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. D) asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. E) all of these

telophase II

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.

C) telophase I

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. A) interphase B) metaphase II C) telophase I D) telophase II E) telophase

telophase I and cytokinesis

At the end of _______ there are two haploid cells.

telophase I

At the end of ________ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.

B) two haploid cells

At the end of telophase I of meiosis and cytokinesis, there are _____. A) four diploid cells B) two haploid cells C) two diploid cells D) one haploid ovum and three polar bodies E) four haploid cells

prophase I

Crossing over occurs during _____.

prophase I

Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

division of one cell into two

Cytokinesis is the _____.

prophase II

During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.

metaphase II

During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.

anaphase II

During _____ sister chromatids separate.

metaphase I

During _____ tetrads align along the metaphase plate.

interphase

During ______ the centrosome duplicates and the chromosomes are not condensed.

homologues separate and migrate toward opposite poles

During anaphase I _____.

sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles

During anaphase II _____.

A) Prophase I of Meiosis

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur. A) Prophase I of Meiosis B) Prophase II of Meiosis C) Metaphse I of Meiosis D) Telophase I of Meiosis E) Interphase

telophase II and cytokinesis.

Four haploid cells are present at the end of ______.

meiosis

Gametes are produced by _____.

anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during

E) anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____. A) telophase II and cytokinesis B) prophase II C) metaphase II D) metaphase I E) anaphase I

meiosis I

Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of a dividing cell during

prophase I

Homologous chromosomes pair during _____..

the precise sequence of the DNA within each of the chromosomes

How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other?

by allowing independent assortment of chromosomes, by allowing random fertilization, and by allowing crossing over

How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?

22

How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?

12 (HALF)

If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have?

5 (HALF)

In a diploid cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing _____ chromosomes. A) 40 B) 0 C) 5 D) 20 E) 10

zygotes

In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in

gametes

In animals, somatic cells are produced by mitosis and ________ are produced by meiosis.

two ... haploid

Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

sister chromatids separate during anaphase

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

four ... haploid

Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

two diploid cells ... four haploid cells

Mitosis results in the formation of _____; meiosis results in the formation of _____.

23

Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.

two ... diploid

Somatic cells in humans contain _____ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed _____.

prophase I

Synapsis occurs during _____.

called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.

The human X and Y chromosomes are

the complete complement of an organism's genes

What is a genome?

a display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape

What is a karyotype?

C) A monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for a single character, whereas a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters.

What is the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross? A) A monohybrid cross involves a single parent, whereas a dihybrid cross involves two parents. B) A monohybrid cross produces a single progeny, whereas a dihybrid cross produces two progeny. C) A monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for a single character, whereas a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters. D) A monohybrid cross is performed only once, whereas a dihybrid cross is performed twice. E) A monohybrid cross results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio whereas a dihybrid cross gives a 3:1 ratio.

to make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes

What is the function of meiosis?

four haploid cells

What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis?

B) Tetrads form.

When comparing prophase I of meiosis with prophase of mitosis, which of the following occurs only in meiosis? A)The chromosomes condense. B) Tetrads form. C) The nuclear envelope disassembles. D) A spindle forms. E) Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids.

the sister chromatids remain linked to one another.

When pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I,

its cells have a single set of chromosomes

When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____.

Homologous chromosomes are separated.

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

D) a female somatic cell

Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes? A) an unfertilized egg cell B) a sperm cell C) a male somatic cell D) a female somatic cell E) an unfertilized egg cell and a female somatic cell

C) Four haploid cells result.

Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis? A) Two diploid cells result. B) Four diploid cells result. C) Four haploid cells result. D) Four autosomes result. E) Four chiasmata result.

synapsis and alignment of tetrads at metaphase plate

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

B) Crossing over plays a role in both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Which of the following statements about crossing over is incorrect? A) Crossing over combines sections of the maternal and paternal chromosomes. B) Crossing over plays a role in both sexual and asexual reproduction. C) There are on average one to three crossover events per chromosome. D) Crossing over increases the extent of genetic variation beyond what is possible through independent assortment alone. E) Crossing over results in recombinant chromosomes.

D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.

Which of these statements is false? A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). C) Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization.

crossing over

the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Synapsis

the pairing of homologous chromosomes, is followed by crossing over