Race and Ethnic Relations

In the next 50 years, the total percentage of ethnic minority group Americans is projected to increase to ______. 50% 30% 65% 25%

30

as late as the 1920s, -- of employed Irish-born women in the US worked as domestics -81 -55 -66 -40

55

the population of the US is currently -- -affected by long-standing unresolved minority issues -affected by low immigration rates -less diverse than the past -limited to three main languages

affected by long-standing unresolved minority issues

Which of the following would be classified as primarily an ethnic minority group? African Americans native Americans Jewish Americans Asian Americans

african americans

The majority of hate crimes __. -are committed by people that search out random victims -are committed by people that know their victims -are committed by people who feel personally threatened by their victims -are committed by members of the same group

are committed by people that know their victims

the idea that racism is changing form to a more subtle way of expressing negative feelings is called -- -blaming the victim -declining prejudice -social distance -modern racism

blaming the victim

Park felt that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that he called ______. rational cycle of inter-group relations conflictual and competitive cycle he cycle of interpenetration and fusion race relations cycle

conflictual and competitive cycle

a small town experiences a wave of anti-minority group violence in the weeks following the announcement of massive layoffs at the local factory. these incidents would be consistent with the predictions of -- -selective perception -contact hypothesis -the cognitive stereotype hypothesis -the scapegoat hypothesis

contact hypothesis

several nation-states have re-formed into smaller units based on which of the following? -gender norms -culture -birth status -gender

culture

migrants have moved to more -- crossing routes to get to southern arizona -time-saving -public -dangerous -individual

dangerous

Skin color is an important marker of group membership in our society because its construction ______. derives from shared historical experiences communicates intelligence levels has scientific significance determines personality traits

derives from shared historical experiences

One of the variables that researchers suggest is a cause of the decline in prejudice is ______. good race relations higher paying jobs education minorities on the nightly news

education

______ who subordinate a minority group will develop and institutionalize ideologies to justify social arrangements. Elite classes Working classes Middle classes Impoverished classes

elite classes

What are two general stereotypes of minority groups? extreme inferiority and social class extreme inferiority and power and status differences ethnic differences and exploitation exaggerated fear of higher intellect and physicality

ethnic differences and exploitation

______ in the United States generally has been a coercive and one-sided process described as Anglo-Conformity. Incorporation Exploitation Emigration Assimilation

exploition

Pluralism exists when -- -some groups in society may be assimilating -groups remain separate and their cultural and social differences persist over time -groups live in urban areas and speak only their native languages -some members work to revive and save cultural heritage

groups remain separate and their cultural and social differences persist over time

One problem with Park's theory of assimilation is that ______. he ignored the impact of social class on minority groups he ignored the impact of industrialization on minority groups he argued that assimilation could never be complete he does not describe the nature of the assimilation process in much detail

he does not describe the nature of the assimilation process in much detail

the process of assimilation could be illustrated by -immigrants celebrating the holidays of their native country -the great grandson of an immigrant changing this name back to the original spelling -a minority group member being expelled from high school because of fighting -an immigrant learning the language of her new country

immigrants celebrating the holidays of their native country

Some social scientists believe that the "traditional" perspective on ______ does not apply and that the experiences of contemporary immigrant groups will differ greatly from those of historical European immigrants. cultural identity assimilation immigration segmented assimilation

immigration

the US is often referred to as a(n)-- -postindustrial society -industrial society -preindustrial agricultural society -historic society

industrial society

anti-micegenation laws prevented -- -people from passing as members of another race -people of different races from eating together in public restaurants -members of different races from intermarrying -members of different races from going to the same schools

members of different races from intermarrying

a politician states in a campaign speech that "it is inevitable that the differences between our groups will disappear as we grow and mature as a society." This statement echoes the thinking of --. -robert park -milton gordon -andrew greeley -robert blauner

milton gordon

social structure is divided into primary and secondary sectors. primary sector refers to -- -networks of social relationships, groups, organizations, stratification systems, communities, and families -organizing the work of the society -interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal such as families and friendship groups -large organizations including factories, schools, and bureaucracies

organizing the work of the society

Minority group status affects access to different "life chances," health, wealth, and success including ______. romantic relationships physical fitness quality of friendships access to education

physical fitness

--- is the term used to refer to immigrants who intended to remain in the US to accumulate wealth before returning to the old country. -sojouneers -pioneers -voyagers -martial assimilators

pioneers

the distinction between prejudice and discrimination is -- -prejudice is a behavior; discrimination is an attitude -prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is a behavior -prejudice is an ideology; discrimination is an attitude -prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an ideology

prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is a behavior

In Gordon's view, ______ typically precedes intermarriage. primary immigration integration secondary immigration integration primary functional integration secondary structural immigration

primary function integration

most reported hate crimes are -- -sexually motivated, with gays, bisexuals, and lesbians as the target group -motivated by gender, with women as the target -racially motivated, with blacks as the target -religiously motivated, with Muslims as the target

racially motivated, with blacks as the target

when the unequal treatment of an entire group is built into the daily operation of society, this is called --. -institutional discrimination -prejudice -racism -societal prejudice

racism

according to marxism, the capitalist class in the early twentieth century controlled the racially mixed working class by -- a strategy of divide and conquer urging higher priced labor to exclude cheaper labor reducing wages manipulating individual personalities

reducing wages

People classified as "Asian and Pacific Islander" ______. represent many different national and linguistic backgrounds have unchanging divisions between people do not vary by social class, religion, or gender all have large families

represent many different national and linguistic backgrounds

Mary and her brother, Patrick, are immigrants. They both speak English and have many American friends but Mary does well in school and gets a good job that pays a lot. Patrick does poorly in school and does not have a consistent job, making only minimum wage when he works. The two of them together are an example of ______. segmented assimilation structural assimilationist traditional assimilation cultural assimilation

segmented assimilation

______ is the tendency to see only what one expects to see. Intentional perception Selective perception Ethnocentric perception Modern perception

selective perception

when the goal of a minority group is to sever all ties with the larger society, it is called - - separatism -pluralism -revolution -expulsion

separatism

people may learn racist behavior through -assimilation -acculturation -socialization -marginalization

socialization

according to weber, a person who became rich by cleaning septic tanks would be higher on __ but lower on __ -power; class -status; position -class; prestige -equality; inequality

status; position

a non-hispanic white woman sees a mexican american male and assumes he is undocumented. this is an example of -- -probable logic -stereotyping -individual discrimination -legal discrimination

stereotyping

______ assimilation occurs when a minority group enters the secondary sector of the larger society and occupies the same public institutions as the majority population such as schools, workplaces, and places of worship. Cultural Structural Generational Fluid competitive

structural

White ethnic identity is often described as ______ ethnicity. symbolic superficial voluntary traditional

superficial

the one common factor that seems to account for the origin of all prejudice is -- -selective perception -the affective dimension of prejudice -stereotypes -competition between groups

the affective dimension of prejudice

The traditional views of assimilation appear not to have explained ______. the ethnic revival of the 1960s increasing equality for all minority groups the decline of multiculturalism decreasing immigration and consequent social diversity

the decline of multiculturalism

In The American Dilemma, Dr. Gunnar Myrdal suggests that there is a basic conflict (or dissonance) between ______. the projection hypothesis and the scapegoat hypothesis the emotional functions of projection authoritarian personality theory and the Noel hypothesis basically egalitarian values and the discriminatory behaviors simultaneously found in U.S. culture

the emotional functions of projection

many years ago, a european american storeowner is a racist town succumbed to pressures form others agreed to ban african americans from his shop, even though he himself was not prejudiced at all. this merchant was an example of merton's -all-weather bigot -timid bigot -all-weather liberal -fair-weather liberal

timid bigot

When minority groups in a society are exploited and held in a powerless status by the dominant group, which of the following stereotypes is most likely to emerge about that minority group? too crafty too materialistic too smart lazy

too smart

______ often believe they are not actually racist. Modern racists Contemporary racists Traditional racists American racists

traditional racists

The dynamics of ______ relations in the United States are not unique. outergroup dual-groups triads intergroups

triads

______ illustrates a connection between group competition and prejudice Robber's Cave Weber's Analysis Marxist Communism Split Labor Market Theory

weber's analysis

according to your book, which of the following could not be considered minorities -very obese americans -the aged -lgbtq individuals -whites

whites

Changes in social environment ______. will remove some types of prejudice will completely transform some types of prejudice will have significant impact on some types of prejudice will have relatively little impact on some types of prejudice

will have relatively little impact on some types of prejudice

Strong norms of patriarchy determined the appropriate work for female Italian immigrants. They tended to work ______. in jobs that cannot be done at home in single-sex settings among other immigrant women with older men in factory settings with younger men in factory settings

with older men in factory settings