Race and Ethnicity Final Exam
The clip points out that since 1492, approximately 300 Native American languages in North America have become extinct. Which of the following best explains why many these languages have been lost?
: Many languages were lost when whites sought to "civilize" America's indigenous people by forcing them to assimilate to Anglo-American society.
Racial Terrorism
A form of ethnic violence which continued in the United States even after the end of slavery, often in the form of lynch mobs. (page 177)
Minstrelsy
A form of popular entertainment that ruled the American stage between 1830 and 1910, in which whites performed in blackface and purported to represent authentic African-American life. Minstrel shows featured a collection of stock characters that portrayed blacks as lazy, ignorant, subservient, buffoonish, and childish. (page 282)
Education Gap
A gap in educational opportunities that separates whites and Asians, on the one hand, and African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, on the other. (page 259)
Narrowcasting
A kind of artistic segregation, in which television producers target specific racial or ethnic groups with programs supposedly designed to speak to those groups' unique needs and lifestyles, where 'black programs' are pitched at black viewers, 'Jewish programs' at Jewish viewers, 'Hispanic programs' at Hispanic viewers, and so forth. (page 304)
Split Labor Force
A labor market in which there are at least two groups of workers whose price of labor differs for the same work, or would differ if they did the same work. (page 154)
White Flight
A migratory process whereby many whites, fearing racial integration, sold their houses in the city and fled to the suburbs. (page 176)
Single Motherhood
A mother not living with a spouse or partner, who has most of the responsibilities in raising her child or children. At least since the presidency of Ronald Reagan, single mothers have been stereotyped as immoral delinquents who have more children in order to collect bigger welfare checks. But the truth is that single mothers are 'a remarkably diverse group who have arrived at single parenthood through divergent, and often class-segregated paths.' (page 375)
Stereotype Threat
A negative stereotype about a racial group can make members of that group conscious of the fact that any of their actions that happen to align with that stereotype end up verifying the stereotype, making it more real in the eyes of others and, perhaps, even of themselves; being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group. (page 269)
Eugenics
A program set forth in the nineteenth century by Francis Galton to ensure genetic purity by attempting to 'solve' the 'natural inferiority of the lower races' through such extreme measures as forced sterilization. (page 82)
Racial Polarization
A relationship between the racial identity of a voter and the way in which the voter votes. For example, the American electorate is racially polarized: the majority of whites tilt toward the Republican Party while the majority of nonwhites support the Democratic Party. (page 108)
White Affirmative Action
A series of exceptions, put forth by the southern arm of the Democratic party, which precluded a large majority of nonwhites from benefiting from Roosevelt's New Deal by disqualifying certain jobs (those dominated by nonwhite workers) from the policy. (page 130)
Gerrymandering
A set of processes by which elected politicians redraw and manipulate the borders of political districts to secure political advantage. (page 113)
principle-implementation gap
A set of processes by which elected politicians redraw and manipulate the borders of political districts to secure political advantage. (page 113)
Ethnicity
A shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, and/or national affiliations. (page 26)
Color Blindness
A society in which racial differences exist but no one pays them heed, a world in which race no longer serves as the basis for social stigmatization, discrimination, inequality, or injustice. (page 395)
Racial Demography
A society's racial categories
Slavery
A system wherein workers are the property of their masters and are not paid for their labor. (page 57)
Lowbrow art
Also known as 'popular culture,' comprises art forms that are considered more ordinary and associated with the tastes and lifestyles of 'the masses,' and which is more or less bereft of cultural capital. (page 305)
The young people featured in the clip are attempting to relearn their native language as a part of their education with Native elders. According to the text, why would this type of education been unlikely before the Civil Rights Movement?
American Indians did not regain full control over the education of their children until the Civil Rights Era.
antiracist aesthetic
An artistic approach that seeks somehow to throw a wrench in the grinding gears of racism, forcing its audience to confront American racial history honestly and courageously. (page 287)
double consciousness
An insider's vantage point, which suggests that nonwhites have a double vision as part of a racial survival strategy used to navigate white America. (page 378)
Nonwhite Affirmative Action
An umbrella term referring to a collection of policies and practices designed to address past wrongs, institutional racism, and sexism by offering people of color and women both employment and educational opportunities. (page 160)
Fear of crime
Anxiety about becoming a victim of a crime as opposed to the actual probability of becoming a victim of a crime. (page 214)
Environmental Racism
Any environmental policy, practice, or directive that disproportionately disadvantages (intentionally or unintentionally) nonwhite communities. (page 196)
In the film clip from Race: The Power of an Illusion, Sociologist Melvin Oliver argues that "the things that we identify as the racial markers mean nothing unless they are given social meaning and unless there is public policy and private action that act upon those characteristics." Which of the following examples from the text best illustrates his argument?
Arabs and Indian Americans have been classified as "white" at some points in time and "not white" at other points.
Identity Policies
Arising in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, identity politics refers to political action intended to address the unique interests and hardships of groups (such as nonwhites, women, and gays) who historically have faced oppression and who continue to be excluded from mainstream society. (page 332)
Collective action
As history attests, bold reform and transformative social change also are brought about (perhaps most consequentially) through public protest: through strikes, sustained boycotts, public demonstrations, civil disobedience, and racial uprisings. To participate in collective political action -- to employ the time-honored methods of public protest -- is to engage as fully and completely as possible in civil society and to refuse to 'become victims in a democratic society.' (page 418)
Boarding Schools
As part of the white agenda to Anglicize America's indigenous population at the beginning of the twentieth century, American Indian parents were forced to send their children to boarding schools run by Christian missionaries and, later on, by the federal government. (page 246)
Authenticity
Being true to one's ethnic or racial heritage, including in that discussion the choice of some whites to reject whiteness for an alternative ethnic identity. (page 382)
White terrorism, as described in the film clip, along with literacy tests and "grandfather clauses," worked together to enforce
Black disenfranchisement
1.According to the text and the clip, which of the following statements best describes the majority of American Indian Reservations in the United States, including the Pima tribe in Arizona?
By and large, American Indian reservations are plagued by dire poverty, joblessness, and poor living conditions.
According to the film clip and text, how were people of both black and white heritage classified in the slavery era?
By and large, people of white and black descent were considered black.
Religious Associations
By and large, religious associations do not overcome racial divides; in fact, the opposite is true. Religious life is racialized to a high degree. Certain religions, denominations within religions, and places of worship within denominations correspond to certain racial and ethnic groups. (page 344)
Out of wedlock births
Children who are born to parents who are not married at the time of the birth. In 2011, out-of-wedlock births accounted for 41% of all births in the United States. Out-of-wedlock births have increased steadily over the last few decades. In fact, the number of American children living in single-parent homes nearly doubled between 1960 and 2010. In 1970, only 12% of all children lived with one parent; in 2000, 25% of children did. Today, a third of all American children are not being raised by two parents, the majority of whom live in single-mother households. (page 371)
Colonialism
Colonialism occurs when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes enduring systems of exploitation and domination over that territory's indigenous populations. (page 50)
Mass Incarceration
Comparatively and historically high rates of imprisonment in the United States, predominantly of African-American men. (page 207)
Culture Appropriation
Cultural appropriation occurs when members of one ethnic or racial group adopt a cultural product associated with another. (page 308)
culture and social capital
Cultural capital refers to the sum total of one's knowledge of established and exalted cultural activities and practices, while social capital includes all the resources one accrues by virtue of being connected to a network of people. (page 261)
The film clip discusses how white supremacists designed a targeted campaign to inspire white resentment and fear of black men by claiming that they were a danger to white women. Who would ultimately be one of the most well-known victims of this legacy of propaganda many years later?
Emmett Till
model minority
Ever since the nineteenth century, white America has regarded its Asian inhabitants as constituting a 'model minority.' That is, 'more obedient and industrious' than other minorities. (page 266)
Interpersonal Racism
Everyday interactions and practices; either overt, as in old-fashioned bigotry, wherein people act out their prejudices and give direct expression to their negative attitudes guided by demeaning stereotypes of others, or covert, wherein it is found in the habitual, commonsensical, and ordinary practices of our lives. (page 11)
4.Southern whites, like those described in the clip, were prolific in creating associations and organizations in the postwar era (compared to northern whites and blacks), motivated in large part by their desire to exclude African Americans and reestablish the racial order.
False
Race is the genetic difference between groups of people in society
False
Welfare
Government provisions intended to help disadvantaged people, including those who are poor, elderly, war veterans, unemployed, and disabled. (page 157)
Which of the following best describes the opinion of Judge Bazile in Mildred and Richard Loving's case?
He argued that God did not intend for different races to intermarry.
Based on what you know from the clip, what would most likely be Tim Wise's perspective on the color-blind racial ideal described in the text?
He would argue that the color-blind perspective ignores the many ways that white people are privileged.
Marriage and Divorce
If the U.S. has a fairly high marriage rate, it has an enormously high divorce rate, ranking second only to Aruba in the number of divorces per 1,000 people. Divorce rates have risen since the 1970s, but like marriage rates, they fluctuate widely across race. (page 355)
racist aesthetic
If the white aesthetic seeks to normalize whiteness, the racist aesthetic seeks to depict people of color in negative ways. If the white aesthetic ignores people of color, the racist aesthetic represents them -- but never in their full humanity. Rather, it distorts and stereotypes; it infantilizes and demonizes. (page 287)
white aesthetic
Images of whiteness often are understated and subtle. They rely on an unspoken edict that treats the white body and the white experience as normal, an edict that, for some of us, connects with our innermost presuppositions about the world. (page 287)
According to the film clip, in the postslavery era, when some newly freed slaves were beginning to gain some political power, white supremacists were determined to end black political power. Which of the following examples from the text most clearly signifies white supremacists' success in stifling the political power of black Americans at this time?
In 1960, fewer than 2 percent of Mississippi's black adults were registered to vote.
brave new families
In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional in Loving v. Virginia, marking a significant civil rights victory. Today the United States is home to over 4.8 million interracially married couples; that's one in twelve. (page 358)
Racial Democracy
In the abstract, racial justice means that persons of all racial groups draw returns on societal resources commensurate with the value they themselves have added to them; moreover, all are recognized in their full humanity as contributors to the social whole. (page 403)
Coded Language
Indirect allusions to physical appearance, class upbringing, or sexual attractiveness; code words that give voice to dormant racialized dispositions (such as 'welfare queen,' 'urban unrest,' 'illegal immigrants,' 'Islamic terrorists' ). (page 124)
The clip from White Like Me delineates several government policies that have been instrumental in giving white people opportunities for advancement. To address those types of privileges and attempt to even out the "playing field" would require change at what level?
Institutional
The clip from Crips and Bloods: Made in America focuses on police harassment of young black men and women in Los Angeles in the 1960s. According to the text, such racial targeting is caused in large part by
Institutional racism is policing
cultural labor
Interracial relationships require each person to engage in a fair amount of cultural labor, which involves learning the history and culture of one another's racial and ethnic identities. Cultural labor requires broadening your cultural competence, stepping out of your comfort zone, and trying as much as possible to adopt another perspective on the world. (page 369)
Changing Institutions
It is difficult to imagine changing patterns of racial interaction in any far-reaching way without also reconstructing the institutional frameworks within which they unfold. (page 416)
2.Gentrification is a contentious issue in many cities throughout the United States, such as San Francisco and Washington, DC. Based on the findings in the clip from My Brooklyn, we would conclude which of the following about gentrification in these other cities?
It is not an inevitable process, but is driven by political factors and government policy
3.Which of the following organizations referenced in the text is most similar to the Mardi Gras balls introduced in the clip?
Jack and Jill of America
According to the film clip, which of the following is true about Jim Crow laws in the American South?
Jim Crow laws emerged as a backlash to the increasing political power of some African American communities.
In the film clip from Race: The Power of an Illusion, Historian James Horton states, "You give me the power, I can make you any race I want you to be." In the history of race in the US, who has played the largest role in dictating racial categories, as we understand them today?
Judges
Homophily
Literally meaning 'love of the same,' homophily refers to the practice of associating with people like you. (page 327)
Eurocentric Curriculum
Many educators favor Eurocentric knowledge and cultural styles over non-Eurocentric ones, even if the latter are not avowedly anti-intellectual. (page 255)
Interracial unions
Marriages between individuals of different racial or ethnic groups. Racism can shape-shift and adjust to demographic changes. It can make -- and has made -- room in its wide enterprise for degrading multiracial people. Some parents, white and nonwhite alike, actively discourage their children from interracial dating, many times cloaking their own prejudices or ethnic chauvinism in a concern over mixed-race children or 'other people's' racism. (page 358)
Multiculturalism
Much like color blindness, multiculturalism aspires to a world in which all persons' inherent dignity as human beings is recognized. But in contrast to color blindness, which hopes to abolish race as a relevant criterion in law, public policy, and everyday social practices, multiculturalism envisions a society in which racial diversity is taken fully into account and valued for its own sake. (page 398)
What are the origins of the term "redlining"?
Neighborhoods with 5 percent or more African Americans were colored red on a map and made ineligible for government-backed loans.
White Collar Crime
Nonviolent and often financially motivated crimes committed by more privileged members of society, such as computer hacking, fraud, identity theft, environmental law violations, tax evasion, bribery, counterfeiting, money laundering, and embezzling. (page 224)
Individualistic Fallacy
Racism assumed to belong to the realm of ideas and attitudes; racism is only the collection of nasty thoughts a 'racist individual' has about another group
Teters and others who opposed the University of Illinois Chief Illiniwek mascot would consider the mascot a form of what the text terms
Racist appropriation
Hate Groups
Racist hate groups present a threat to a multiracial democratic society and are often closely tied with white nationalist organizations, which believe whites to be superior to African Americans and Hispanics and vie for a separate, exclusively white country. (page 336)
Police State
Refers to the heightened surveillance and police repression, such as curfews, found in nonwhite metropolitan areas. (page 231)
The clip from The Loving Story and the text make the case that strict racial segregation was ultimately about
Sex and sexuality
In the clip from In Whose Honor? Charlene Teters, a Native American, was interviewed about her attitude about the Chief Illiniwek mascot. She held which of the following positions on the mascot?
She opposed the mascot because it symbolized that people in power controlled and owned Illiniwek culture.
Which of the following terms is defined as "something we build and maintain, something we learn and come to understand, but not something objective that exists in the world"?
Social Construction
Political Correctness
Some commentators have suggested that American civil society is now guided by an ethic of 'political correctness,' which discourages free thought and honest debate, because people are afraid to offend their fellow citizens or, worst of all, to be labeled as 'racists.' In its most recent incarnation, political correctness usually refers to discourse that, while designed to minimize offense to marginalized groups, ends up censoring certain speech or attitudes deemed off-limits. (page 334)
Civil Society
Some critics believe identity politics is responsible for splintering civil society, but in post-Civil Rights America, civil society has widened to include a cacophony of voices and opinions. (page 332)
Digital Divide
Studies have shown that nonwhite citizens disproportionately are less likely to own computers and to have regular access to the Internet than their white peers, which results in many nonwhites being excluded from virtual associations, on account of them not having regular access to the Internet. (page 340)
institutional racism
Systemic white domination of people of color, embedded and operating in corporations, universities, legal systems, political bodies, cultural life, and other social collectives. (page 11)
The Civil Rights Movement
That collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation, nonwhite disenfranchisement, and racial economic exploitation. (page 89)
The text points out that historically, police officers "have served as the primary guardians of white supremacy" (p. 233). The clip shows that, in 1965, this was still true in some important ways. What example from the film clip best illustrates these racially motivated injustices?
The LAPD used force to keep black residents away from white neighborhoods.
Political Representation
The activity of integrating citizen perspectives and concerns in the public policy making process. Very few nonwhites are elected at the national, state, and local levels, resulting in the underrepresentation of nonwhite perspectives and concerns. (page 112)
Deterrent Effect
The argument that prisons discourage would-be criminals from committing crimes. (page 240)
Legalistic Fallacy
The assumption that abolishing racist laws (racism in principle) automatically leads to the abolition of racism in everyday life (racism in practice). (page 8)
Fixed Fallacy
The assumption that racism is fixed, that it is immutable, constant across time and space, and that it does not develop in any way, often defining racism only by its most heinous forms, such as racial violence. (page 9)
Ahistorical Fallacy
The bold claim that most United States history, including the legacies of slavery and colonialism, is inconsequential today.
Separate is not equal
The case put forth by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP in 1954 that racially segregated schools were separate but anything but equal; the Supreme Court ruled on behalf of the NAACP, dismantling the legal basis of racial segregation. (page 251)
Multiethnic heritage
The category by which many Americans identify, claiming heritages from two or more ethnicities or races. (page 85)
Highbrow art
The collection of art forms associated with an upper-class taste and lifestyle, which is rich in cultural capital. (page 305)
Underground Economy
The combined forms of enterprise classified as criminal under current law, as well as any other economic activity that is unrecorded and untaxed by the government. (page 224)
Racial Disparities in Income and Wealth
The concept that, due to historical and current circumstances, certain racial groups have more income and wealth than others as a result of their race. On average, a white worker will make more than a black or Hispanic worker, even if all these people work exactly the same hours, possess exactly the same work experience, and hold exactly the same educational credentials. (page 134)
Reflexivity
The defensive reaction many privileged whites have to being confronted with societal racism. (page 409)
Whiteness
The dominant racial category which normalizes racial domination and reproduces many cultural, political, economic, and social advantages and privileges for white people and withholds such advantages and privileges from nonwhite people. (page 25)
Interaction order
The face-to-face domain of social life, the mezzanine level between large-scale structure and individual psychology. (page 377)
Race is a Social reality
The idea, as put forth by James Baldwin, that race is not a biological reality, but rather a political reality, or what we might call a social construction. (page 32)
According the text, "Racist appropriation can be used to exoticize the nonwhite groups and, therefore, to contribute to their status as Other" (p. 311). How does this statement relate to the University of Illinois Chief Illiniwek mascot controversy?
The mascot could be understood as presenting Native Americans as an ancient people, not a community that still exists today.
Manifest destiny
The nineteenth century belief that it was God's will that the United States conquer the American continent. (page 69)
According to the text, which of the following statements best describes the history of interracial relaionships like Mildred and Richard Loving's?
The number of interracial relationships declined after the fall of slavery.
The film illustrates a disagreement between younger and older generations about how to collectively respond to police brutality after the incidents that led to the Watts riots. Which of the following best describes this disagreement?
The older generation felt that reserved, nonviolent protest was preferable.
.Associations are essential to a healthy democracy. However, as the text points out, associations can also work to exclude people. Which of the following best describes how the association detailed in the clip from By Invitation Only is exclusionary?
The organization was based in racial exclusion and that legacy lives on.
Intersectionality
The overlapping system of advantages and disadvantages, wherein racism intersects with other forms of domination, such as those based on gender, class, sexuality, religion, nationhood, ability, and so forth. (page 16)
Immigration
The process of entering and establishing permanent residence in a place other than one's country of origin; during the mid-nineteenth century, immigrants flocked to America by the millions. (page 75)
Racialization of Neighborhoods
The rise of industrialism, which facilitated the rise of cities, attracted thousands of people -- immigrants, blacks, Mexicans, whites, Asians -- to roiling metropolises. As they poured into cities, some ethnic groups tended to cluster together in neighborhoods, many living in crowded, dilapidated slums. (page 170)
Advanced Marginality
The severe spatial and social segregation of the ghetto's residents, marked by their amputation from America's economic prosperity, national security, collective imagination and memory, and state services. (page 189)
In the early 20th century, American nativists and many scientists argued that the new European immigrants were "lower races of Europe." Their poverty and lower social status was understood as inheritable and immutable. Which of the following examples from the text relates most closely to this understanding of race?
There is a common understanding that African American are superior athletes
In what way are the young people featured in The Young Ancestors similar to many of Native American youth of the Indian boarding schools era described at the beginning of Chapter 7?
They are resisting the demise of their tribal languages and cultures.
What role did many real estate agents play in "white flight"?
They exploited whites' fears of racial integration and encouraged them to sell their homes fast.
Cause and Consequence of Segregation
Throughout the nineteenth century, whites and nonwhites lived relatively close together, interacting with one another on a daily basis, but the rise of industrialism brought thousands to live in crowded, dilapidated slums. As the twentieth century marched forward, prosperous European immigrant families were able to move out of the slums and assimilate into the white American mainstream. Meanwhile, those who wore the badge of otherness -- the 'racial uniform,' in the words of American sociologist Robert Park -- were forbidden by law and custom to live anywhere else. (page 183)
Disenfranchisement
To deprive a group or an individual of certain privileges. Practices, which often mirror, in a softer and shrewder form, techniques deployed by southern whites during the mid-twentieth century to deter voters and revoke voting rights among racial minorities, such as voter ID laws. (page 119)
Most theorists agree that identity exists, not solely within an individual or category of individuals but through the difference in the relationship with others.
True
The author suggests that one of the ten things you can do to help improve race relations is "Be a Good Citizen - Vote in every election. Take time to find out candidates' positions on policies that have implications for race relations. Don't support politicians who are racially divisive or manipulate people's fears."
True
The author suggests that we be introspective and ask ourselves these questions to help change race relations in our society: How can we live our lives so that social or peer pressure do not push us toward racist, prejudiced, or bigoted beliefs or actions? If you find yourself being prejudiced, ask yourself why you acted or behaved that way. If you are a bystander and did nothing, ask yourself why.
True
ethnic nationalism
When racial integration did not lead to liberation but only to more oppression for many nonwhites, racial segregation and complete independence from whites was the only answer. Ambassadors of ethnic nationalism resist cultural and social assimilation and instead champion self-determination, race pride, separatism, and, in some cases, the creation of an independent nation based on racial identity. (page 322)
Based on what you learned from the clip and the text, which of the following most accurately describes the response to the increase in black political power after the fall of slavery?
Whites often responded with fear and violence with the goal of returning the racial order to one based on white supremacy.
Tokenistic Fallacy
assumes that the presence of people of color in influential positions is evidence that racism no longer exists
The fact that a person with both white ancestry and black ancestry will most likely be understood as __________ in the United States makes clear that we are still influenced by the legacies of the "one-drop rule."
black
Which of the following concepts from the text is most clearly represented in the film clip from Crips and Bloods: Made in America?
criminalization of dark skin
2.Diverting the Gila River away from the Pima Indians in order to benefit white communities is best described as
economic racism
5.Identity claims in Native American communities are not influenced by economic and political structures.
false
Nonwhite urban neighborhoods like the ones described in the film have seen a DECREASE in surveillance and police repression since the era of Civil Rights protest.
false
Racialization matters because it is always implicated in the community.
false
1.Based on the clip from My Brooklyn, white flight after the Great Depression was driven by which of the following?
government incentives encouraging whites to move to the suburbs
According to the film, the assignment of mixed race children to the race that is considered subordinate or inferior is called __________. For black Americans in the United States, this process was also known as __________.
hypodescent; the one-drop rule
. In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled antimiscegenation laws unconstitutional in Loving v. Virginia. At the time of the decision, interracial marriage was illegal
in 16 states
After the Loving decision, the rates of interracial marriage
increased
Spanish colonizers of the Americas encouraged miscegenation, while the United States government outlawed the practice for many years. What is miscegenation?
intermarriage between people with different skin tones
According to the clip from White Like Me, unemployment insurance, the GI bill, and FHA loans all disproportionally benefited
middle class whites
The film clip from Race: The Power of an Illusion explains that when an influx of eastern and southern European immigrants arrived in the United States at the start of the twentieth century, they were generally considered __________. According to the text, the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 changed their classification to _________
not white; white
4.Without the ability to grow crops and provide for themselves, the Pima began to depend on aid from the U.S. government. What was one major result from this dependence?
overall levels of health decreased
The film clip from Race: The Power of an Illusion shows that racial classifications are based in part on the way we look (skin color, eye shape and color, hair texture and color, etc.). Which of the following terms from the text refers to these physical differences?
phenotype
Based on what you learned from the clip from White Like Me, Tim Wise's reflections on whiteness align most closely with which "racial ideal" discussed in the chapter?
racial democracy
3.The clip from My Brooklyn documents redlining in some neighborhoods but not others. What was the result of this process of redlining?
racial residential segregation
Which of the following terms is defined as "assigning racial meaning to a previously unclassified relationship, social practice, or group"?
racialization
3.The text offers some recommendations for how to address poverty on Native American reservations. Based on those recommendations, what would be the most effective way to address the problems of the Pima Indians?
supporting tribal sovereignty by restoring the Gila River to its original state
Which of the following terms describes "a nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generation, or that of the old country; a love for and pride in a tradition that can be felt without having to be incorporated in everyday behavior"?
symbolic ethnicity
The debate over Chief Illiniwek is ultimately a debate about
the ethics of cultural appropriation.
According to the text, what was the main purpose of Indian boarding schools in the first few decades of the twentieth century?
to force Native Americans to assimilate to into Anglo-American society and strip them of their Indian culture
African American gains in economic power and political power resulted in whites creating news stories and laws to slow or reverse those gains.
true
Charles A. Gallagher is the author of "Ten Simple Things You Can Do to Improve Race Relations"
true
Hypodescent is the practice of determining the classification of a child of mixed-race ancestry by assigning the child the race of his or her more socially subordinate parent.
true
Identity cannot exist apart from of a group.
true
Identity is a combination of internal self-identification and the external perceptions of others.
true
People can find their identity by 'affiliating' with an abstract collectivity which does not exist as an interacting group. That group collectivity can be mythic or real, contemporary or historical.
true
Social construction defined as "something we build and maintain, something we learn and come to understand, but not something objective that exists in the world"?
true
The author of this week's article suggests looking at the website Southern Poverty Law Center in order to become more politically informed and aware of who is running for political offices.
true
The constructionist approach to representation states that meaning is constructed through language.
true