Race/Ethnicity-Healey- Final Exam 3

c. The unequal distribution of valued goods and services

Stratification is another term for: Answers: a. Prejudice b. Discrimination c. The unequal distribution of valued goods and services d. Status symbol e. All of the above.

d. All of the above

Which of the following perspectives could be used to justify imperialism, land-grabbing, and exploitation? Answers: a. Monogenism b. Polygenism c. The idea of the Noble Savage d. All of the above

d. Land

According to Marx, the means of production in an agricultural society would include: Answers: a. Factories b. Social class c. Wealth d. Land e. Banks

d. Decreased dramatically

Between 1492 and 1890, the population of American Indians in the continental United States Answers: a. Increased rapidly b. Decreased until the Civil War, then increased rapidly c. Increased only on the east coast d. Decreased dramatically e. Remained stable, although they migrated westward

c. Prevented members of different races from intermarrying

Laws on miscegenation referred to laws that: Answers: a. Prevented people from passing as members of another race b. Prevented people of different races from eating together in public restaurants c. Prevented members of different races from intermarrying d. Prevented members of different races from going to the same schools e. Prevented members of the same sex from marrying

e. Mexican Americans were able to retain many more of the cultural traditions

One difference in the situations between Mexican Americans and African Americans in the 19th century was that Answers: a. Mexican Americans were more acculturated b. African Americans were exploited for their land, Mexican Americans for their labor c. Mexican Americans were exploited only for their land d. Mexican Americans were exploited only for their wealth e. Mexican Americans were able to retain many more of the cultural traditions

False

Racial typologies are useful and valid because they provide clear dividing lines between racial groups. Answers: True False

a. restrict voting rights

Recent state laws that require voters to show a government-issued photo ID are seen as a way to Answers: a. restrict voting rights b. decrease illegal immigration c. expand voting rights d. ameliorate past voting discrimination e. enfranchise more voters

b. Adopt to Anglo-American culture as quickly as possible

Under Anglo-conformity immigrant and minority groups are expected to Answers: a. Continue to observe the traditions of their homeland b. Adopt to Anglo-American culture as quickly as possible c. Serve the Anglo-American culture without assimilating structurally or culturally d. Attempt to compete in Anglo-American culture without full structural assimilation e. Code switch between their home culture and Anglo-American culture

False

Unlike race, gender has both a biological and a social component. Answers: True False

a. The closing of public schools in protest of desegregation.

"Massive Resistance" in Prince Edward County, Virginia is a term used to describe which of the following? Answers: a. The closing of public schools in protest of desegregation. b. A bus boycott to encourage desegregation of public buses c. Resistance to immigration d. Resistance to segregation in the workplace e. Resistance to segregation of the military

b. Class

According to Wilson, what has become more important than race in determining life outcomees of African Americans in the 20th and 21st centuries? Answers: a. Race b. Class c. Gender d. All of the above e. None of the above

b. Paternalism

A key feature of __________________ is a low rate of overt conflict. Answers: a. An estate system b. Paternalism c. A rigid competitive system d. A fluid competitive system e. None of the above

a. Lack of impulse control c. Present-time orientation d. Little ability to defer gratification f. High incidence of abandonment of mothers and children.

Accordind to Oscar Lewis, the "culture of poverty" is typified by which of the following (check multiple boxes)? Answers: a. Lack of impulse control b. Hoarding behavior c. Present-time orientation d. Little ability to defer gratification e. Extended childhood f. High incidence of abandonment of mothers and children.

b. Blatant discrimination by white Americans targeting middle class blacks

According to Joe Feagin, race continues to be significant in America because of Answers: a. Blatant discrimination against the underclass b. Blatant discrimination by white Americans targeting middle class blacks c. Blatant xenophobia d. None of the above

True

After Reconstruction, sharecropping replaced slavery as the main way that the South supported an agrarian economy. Answers: True False

a. Lost most of their land

As a result of the Dawes Act of 1887, American Indians: Answers: a. Lost most of their land b. Were barred from dominant group schools c. Lost the right to vote d. Were barred from the U. S Army e. Became increasingly independent

b. Levels of prejudice and racism increased

As de jure segregation formed and solidified in the South: Answers: a. Levels of residential separation between the races decreased b. Levels of prejudice and racism increased c. Lynchings virtually ceased d. African Americans began moving from the north back to the south e. Levels of education and economic opportunity increased for African Americans

a. Paternalistic to competitive forms

As societies industrialize, dominant-minority relations move from: Answers: a. Paternalistic to competitive forms b. Peaceful to conflict-oriented c. Equal to unequal d. Segregation to slavery e. Agrarian to paternalistic

True

As urbanization increases, paternalistic controls of minority groups tend to decrease or grow irrelevant. Answers: True False

c. Domestic and agricultural work

By 1930, 90% of employed black women were still in two occupational categories: Answers: a. Agricultural and factory work b. Factory and domestic work c. Domestic and agricultural work d. Clerical and personal service work e. Agricultural and clerical work

e. All of the above

Deindustrialization, the shift from manufacturing to service and information jobs, has resulted: Answers: a. In the loss of millions of high-paying and unionized manufacturing jobs b. In the movement of many industrial jobs to other nations c. In automation and robotics increasing in factories d. Shift away from blue collar jobs e. All of the above

d. The tribe

Today, who decides membership of American Indian tribes? Answers: a. The federal government b. The state government c. The county government d. The tribe e. All of the above

a. A rigid caste system under the policy known as "Jim Crow"

Following Reconstruction, the South was characterized by: Answers: a. A rigid caste system under the policy known as "Jim Crow" b. African Americans becoming the dominant class c. An end to the white class system d. Increasing opportunity for African Americans

True

In South Africa, the structures of minority group control became stronger and more oppressive as the nation industrialized and modernized. Answers: True False

a. Opposed government intervention

In a recent study of modern racism, respondents who attributed continuing racial inequity to either the lack of ability or the lack of motivation of African Americans, also: Answers: a. Opposed government intervention b. Approved of government intervention c. Were more likely to vote for black politicians d. Were less likely to vote for black politicians e. Were sympathetic to the history of discrimination against blacks

a. Refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man

Rosa Parks, a seamstress and NAACP member, is famous for: Answers: a. Refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man b. Refusing to leave an all-white coffeehouse c. Being the first black student to integrate an all white school d. Founding the NAACP e. Founding the Freedom Party

e. All of the above

The BIA sent American Indian children to boarding schools. The children: Answers: a. Were intentionally separated from their culture and communal ties b. Were forbidden to speak their native languages c. Were prevented from visiting their families and tribes when school was not in session d. Were punished or ridiculed for practicing tribal religion and dress e. All of the above

b. Pluralism

The Black Power movement was an important move toward: Answers: a. Acculturation b. Pluralism c. Assimilation d. Integration e. Segregation

d. "Separate but equal"

The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision overturned the principle of _____________________ established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Answers: a. "Separate but equal" No representation without taxation" b. "Justice within inequality" c. "Equal access to all public facilities" d. "Separate but equal" e. "White teachers in black school houses"

a. It improved the status of white immigrants by providing a comparison that made immigrant whites seem less undesirable

The Great Migration of blacks to the north had which of the following effects on white immigrants? Answers: a. It improved the status of white immigrants by providing a comparison that made immigrant whites seem less undesirable b. It created unbearable tension between immigrant groups and newly arriving blacks c. It created a multicultural community of immigrant whites and newly arriving blacks - who struggled together against the dominant group d. All of the above e. Both a and c

True

The Moynihan Report, which supports the "culture of poverty" theory, could be considered by critics as an example of "blaming the victim." Answers: True False

e. Autonomy and independence, not integration into "the system"

The Nation of Islam is most closely aligned with which position regarding African Americans? Answers: a. A "Black is beautiful" media campaign b. Peaceful and patient assimilation c. Mobilization and marches on Washington similar to how A. Philip Randolph organized the sleeping car porters d. Separatism, with African Americans living in unique all-black communities throughout America e. Autonomy and independence, not integration into "the system"

b. 15th

The _____ Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1870 and stated that the right to vote cannot be denied on the grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Answers: a. 19th b. 15th c. 4th d. 2nd e. 10th

False

The black middle class has decreased since Reconstruction era. Answers: True False

a. Competition over land and water resources

The contact situation between Europeans and indigenous people of America and of Australia was characterized by Answers: a. Competition over land and water resources b. Mutual aid and cooperation c. Competition in the labor market d. Respect and dignity e. Competition for political office

False

The culture of poverty theory proves that the problem of urban poverty is due to female-headed families with "bad" or inappropriate values. Answers: True False

a. A return to the system of private land ownership imposed on the tribes

The federal policy of termination was intended to encourage: Answers: a. A return to the system of private land ownership imposed on the tribes b. The federal government was successfully forced to honor all treaty obligations c. Economic development of the reservations d. American Indians to leave the cities and return to their traditional homelands e. Increased control by the federal government

d. Assimilation

The goals of the Civil Rights movement were most compatible with the concept of: Answers: a. Separatism b. Pluralism c. Nationalism d. Assimilation e. Segregation

False

The statement that African Americans voted against Southern segregation "with their feet" referred to the dance and blues music that developed during this time period. Answers: True False

True

Under de jure segregation, separation of African Americans and European Americans in virtually all aspects of social life was required by law. Answers: True False

b. 1780's

When did "Indigenous Australian" become a named category? Answers: a. 1980's b. 1780's c. 1880's d. 2008

d. A system of farming where a tenant worked the land in exchange for a share of profits from an owner who also supplied a place to live and credit for food and clothing

Which of the following best describes the place of sharecropping? Answers: a. A system of farming where blacks and whites established elaborate rituals of crop exchange similar to the etiquette rituals of the antebellum south b. A system of farming, primarily in the north, where blacks and whites farmed the land equally after Reconstruction in an effort toward healing after the war c. A system of farming where whites and blacks shared labor on common plots of land d. A system of farming where a tenant worked the land in exchange for a share of profits from an owner who also supplied a place to live and credit for food and clothing e. None of the above

A, C, and D

Which of the following best examplifies racial profiling? The police: Choose the appropriate answers: A) Stopping a black man for "driving while black" B) "Getting tough" on drug crime C) Detaining a person they believe does not belong in a specific part of town because of that person's ethnicity or race D) Detaining a driver because they believed to be unlikely that he/she would drive a particular make of car (e.g., BMW, Mercedes) because of that person's ethnicity or race A, C, and D

d. Basing hiring on individual language skills

Which of the following is NOT an example of modern institutional discrimination? Answers: a. Basing hiring on education, when a minority group has had less opportunity to go to college b. Banks using strict economic criteria denying low-income minority loans in formerly segregated housing c. The principle of seniority, in which the last hired is the first fired, when minorities were not eligible for earlier positions d. Basing hiring on individual language skills e. When business moved out of the central city to reduce their over-head costs

e. All of the above

Which of the following statements about American Indian cultures is true? Answers: a. In the traditional view of many American Indian cultures, the universe is a unity b. The concept of property ownership was not prominent in American Indian cultures c. In many American Indian cultures, cooperative, group activities were stressed over those of a competitive, individualist nature d. Many American Indian tribes were organized around egalitarian values e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which would you expect to find in a rigid competitive system of group relations? Answers: a. Minority groups competing for jobs and other valued commodities with dominant group members b. Increased residential segregation c. The majority group handicaps the minority groups to preserve its advantage d. Increased hostility as competition increases e. All of the above

e. Black southerners who remained a rural peasantry

Who did NOT benefit from de jure segregation? Answers: a. White workers because they did not have to compete for jobs with African Americans b. Traditional political leadership because the threat of a populist class coalition was ended c. Traditional political leadership because the threat of a populist class coalition was ended d. White racists, who felt that they were entitled to better jobs and working conditions than blacks e. Black southerners who remained a rural peasantry

b. Apartheid

________ means "separate" or "apart" in Afrikaans. Answers: a. Anomie b. Apartheid c. Assimilation d. Gemeinschaft e. Praxis

b. Because of imbalances between the labor demands and wages of the sending and receiving communities

According to neoclassical theories of immigration, people immigrate because Answers: a. Because they are seeking luxury b. Because of imbalances between the labor demands and wages of the sending and receiving communities c. Because they have limited information and make poor decisions d. Because they are seeking adventure e. None of the above

b. Some system of inequality between the groups

According to the Noel hypothesis, if two groups came together and the contact situation featured ethnocentrism, competition between groups, and differential in power, the result of the contact would be Answers: a. Assimilation b. Some system of inequality between the groups c. Some conflict followed by cultural pluralism d. Integration without acculturation e. Warfare

a. Highly visible

2. The social or physical characteristics that mark the boundaries between groups are usually: Answers: a. Highly visible b. Selected by the minority groups themselves c. Scientifically significant d. Selected for biologcial importance e. All of the above

e. Dwindle

About the same time that the plantation system began to emerge, the supply of white indentured servants from the British Isles began to _______________. Answers: a. Increase b. Decrease, then increase c. Mutliply d. Stabilize e. Dwindle

c. Non-

According to Hansen's theories of assimilation, as the second generation became adults and started to raised families of their own, they tended to raise their children in _________ ethnic settings. Answers: a. Primarily b. Strictly c. Non- d. Multi- e. Diverse

c. WASPs

According to Healey, Italians of third and fourth generations are virtually identical to Answers: a. Chinese Americans b. Mexican Americans c. WASPs d. African Americans e. Eastern European Americans

d. The nature of the contact situation

According to Healey, the single most important factor in the development of dominant minority relations is Answers: a. The size of the dominant group b. The degree of industrialization in the larger society c. Whether the dominant group is assimilationist or pluralistic d. The nature of the contact situation e. The degree of mutual ethnocentrism

d. Residential segregation

According to Massey and Denton, which of the following is the root cause of the "structural niche within which a deleterious set of attitudes and behaviors has arisan and flourished"? Answers: a. Segregation of schools b. Segregation of the workplace c. Segregation of places of worship d. Residential segregation e. None of the above

b. Because motivated social groups define categories to control the distribution of resources and power in society.

According to Omi and Winant, why are racial categories created? Answers: a. Because they reflect a natural and biological reality b. Because motivated social groups define categories to control the distribution of resources and power in society. c. Because humans have a natural tendency to sort things. d. None of the above.

b. focused almost exclusively on the first generation

According to Portes and Zhou research on immigration after the 1965 Immigration Act was passed has been Answers: a. practically nonexistent b. focused almost exclusively on the first generation c. focused entirely on women d. focused on the educational success of sixth generation e. focused exclusively on discrimination against the immigrants

b. They were white

According to Portes and Zhou, pre-World War I European immigrants experienced a reduction of the barriers to entry into the American mainstream because Answers: a. They were richer than other immigrants b. They were white c. They were WASPS d. They were Jewish e. None of the above

d. Predestination

According to Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, what aspect of Calvinism propelled the spread of capitalism? Answers: a. Good works b. Profit seeking c. Self interest d. Predestination e. None of the above

b. Distant from centers of modernization and industrialization

American Indian reservations were: Answers: a. Located on the tribal homelands b. Distant from centers of modernization and industrialization c. Always east of the Mississippi d. On locations chosen by the tribes e. Located on land that amply supported traditional hunting, fishing, and agriculture roles

e. 90

An estimates ___________ % of the Indigenous Australian population died from a wave of European epidemic diseases following contact. Answers: a. 10 b. 30 c. 40 d. 60 e. 90

c. 1820s to acquire land for agriculture

Anglo-Americans started moving into the Southwest of the United States in the: Answers: a. 1690s to escape religious persecution. b. 1720 to remove the American Indians c. 1820s to acquire land for agriculture d. 1890s in order to continue the practice of slavery. e. 1850s to avoid the Civil War

c. European

Assimilation and integration were significantly easier for _______________ immigrant groups than for groups formed under conquest or colonization. Answers: a. African b. Asian c. European d. Australian e. South American

e. All of the above.

Blumenbach based his racial typology upon which of the following characteristics Answers: a. Skin color b. Cranial profile c. Geography d. Custom e. All of the above.

False

Blumenbach was in agreement with painter Peter Camper's facial angles arguments. Answers: True False

c. Singled out for differential and unequal treatment

By definition, a minority group is always a group: Answers: a. Smaller in number than the dominant group b. Residentially segregated from the dominant group c. Singled out for differential and unequal treatment d. Distinguishable from the dominant group by its racial characteristics e. Distinguished from the dominant group by its ethnic origins

a. American Indians

Competition with _________________ centered on control of land. Answers: a. American Indians b. the Dutch c. Asians d. Africans e. Women

a. Encourage breeding among only the most "fit" members of society.

Eugenics attempts to Answers: a. Encourage breeding among only the most "fit" members of society. b. Encourage interbreeding among different segments of society. c. Encourage the wealthy to give charity to the poor. d. None of the above.

e. Malcolm X

Which of the following leaders is most closely associated with the Black Power movement? Answers: a. Martin Luther King b. A. Philip Randolph c. Thurgood Marshall d. Fannie Lou Hamer e. Malcolm X

a. Variable; their status relative to men sometimes rose, although always in the context of conquest and colonization

For Native American and Mexican American women, the results of contact with Anglo culture were Answers: a. Variable; their status relative to men sometimes rose, although always in the context of conquest and colonization b. Extremely negative; they lost much more status and power than men c. Extremely positive; they gained power and status relative to men d. Positive only for married women; single women always lost power and status e. Generally negative, as they were often forced to become the heads of household

True

Ideological racism is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior. Answers: True False

False

In the United States, minority group status has never been an important determinant of life chances. Answers: True False

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

In the ____________________ case in 1896, the Supreme Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine. Answers: a. Dred Scott b. Roe v. Wade c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Marvin v. Mitchell e. Amistad v. Virginia

a. Often occupied important economic and political roles

In American Indian tribes, women: Answers: a. Often occupied important economic and political roles b. Were always subordinate to men c. Sometimes held economic power but never political power d. Were excluded from all forms of gardening and farming e. Could not be healers or teachers

b. "Black Americans lacked the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty"

In a recent study of modern racism, the most commonly endorsed explanation for continuing black-white inequality was that: Answers: a. "Black Americans lacked the ability to learn" b. "Black Americans lacked the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty" c. "Black Americans don't have the chance for the education that it takes to rise out of poverty" d. "Discrimination against black Americans is too strong" e. "Blacks take too much advantage of affirmative action"

a. There was little power differential between colonists and American Indians that remained

In colonial America, American Indians were not enslaved. According to the Noel hypothesis, this was because Answers: a. There was little power differential between colonists and American Indians that remained b. There was no competition between colonists and American Indians c. The colonists were, by and large, opposed to slavery d. The colonists felt no ethnocentrism against American Indians e. The colonists preferred the white indentured servants, who were more available and reliable

c. Three

In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that there are _________ dimensions of inequality. Answers: a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four e. Dozens

False

In the 16th century, Pope Julius II degreed that monogenic thinking was heretical. Answers: True False

False

Interracial marriages were illegal in some states in the United States until the late 1990s. Answers: True False

False

Kinship terminology systems reveal that the way humans create categories is the same around the world. Answers: True False

False

Linnaean taxonomy is based soley on objective measurements and naturalistic observation Answers: True False

a. Cultural assimilation

Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal's given name was "Piyush" by his Indian-American parents. His use of the American name "Bobby" reflects: Answers: a. Cultural assimilation b. Cultural pluralism c. Structural assimilation d. Cultural rejection e. Marital assimilation

True

Minority groups are disadvantaged usually as the result of the actions of another group or groups who benefit from the arrangement. Answers: True False

a. Phenotypic visibility affects rates of assimilation

Margaret Cho's stand-up comedy about her experiences as an Asian American illustrate how Answers: a. Phenotypic visibility affects rates of assimilation b. Wealth affects rates of assimilation c. Education affects rates of assimilation d. Entrepreneurship affects rates of assimilation e. None of the above

a. Inequality

Marxism is a complex theory of history and social change in which ________ is a central concept of concern. Answers: a. Inequality b. Prejudice c. Fame or respect d. International war e. Consensus

a. matrix of domination

Michelle is a poor African American woman. Her race, class, and gender may combine to produce a unique kind of inequality. The concept that describes this phenomenon is known as: Answers: a. matrix of domination b. Marx's class oppression c. minority group d. triple discrimination e. triple melting pot

False

Monogenism of the 16th—19th centuries explained variation among humans by multiple and separate origins. Answers: True False

b. White indentured servants would eventually fulfill their contracts and be released

One reason that African slaves were more attractive than White indentured servants was that Answers: a. Whites intermarried with Africans at a high rate b. White indentured servants would eventually fulfill their contracts and be released c. Africans had high turnover rates d. Whites had low turnover rates e. African slaves were better trained workers

False

Research shows that prejudice and racism have largely disappeared. Answers: True False

True

Over the past three decades, the number of immigrants arriving in the United States each year has significantly increased. Answers: True False

False

Polygenism argued that diversity among humans is the result of degeneration of certain races from the ideal, original, type. Answers: True False

a. Cultural heritage

Prejudice and racism come to us through our _______________ as package of stereotypes, emotions, and ideas. Answers: a. Cultural heritage b. Racial heritage c. Genetic inheritance d. Biological imperative e. Historical underpinnings

a. Institutional discrimination

When entire groups are treated unfairly and unequally in the institutions of the larger society, this is called: Answers: a. Institutional discrimination b. Prejudice c. Racism d. Society prejudice e. Personal discrimination

e. there is more genetic variation within traditional racial groups than between groups

Recent advances in genetic research shows that Answers: a. there is less genetic variation within traditional racial groups than between groups b. there is an equal amount of genetic variation between and within traditional racial groups c. biology matters much more in thinking about race than previously known d. it is possible to group people in discrete and homogenous racial categories e. there is more genetic variation within traditional racial groups than between groups

d. None of the above.

Scientific racialism Answers: a. Offers clear empirical evidence of distinct biological races. b. Conclusively and accurately identified a biological basis for inequality. c. Correctly linked intelligence with objective measurements of race. d. None of the above.

b. A closed

Slavery was a caste system, or ________________ stratification system. Answers: a. An opened b. A closed c. A flexible d. A fluid e. A pliable

e. All of the above

Slaves used a variety of methods of resistance. Among them were Answers: a. Intentional carelessness b. Sabotage c. Work slowdowns d. Dragging their feet e. All of the above

True

The awareness of minority group members of their differentiation from the dominant group provides the basis for strong bonds and a sense of group solidarity. Answers: True False

c. Getting a good education

Which of the following is the most important factor of success according the status attainment theory? Answers: a. Coming from a wealthy family b. Working hard c. Getting a good education d. Superior intellect e. Religious beliefs that are consistent with American values

a. Limited the number of immigrants to the United States

The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924: Answers: a. Limited the number of immigrants to the United States b. Was aimed at restricting Western European immigrants. c. Was aimed at encouring Jews to immigrate to the US. d. None of the above.

b. Western Europe

The U.S. concept of race has its origins in Answers: a. Sub-Saharan Africa b. Western Europe c. Native American lands d. the antebellum South e. Latin America

c. Melting pot

The ______________ metaphor sees assimilation as benign and egalitarian, a process that emphasizes sharing and inclusion. Answers: a. Anglo-conformity b. Americanization c. Melting pot d. Ethnic enclave e. Middleman minority

a. Structure

The ___________________ includes networks of social relationships, groups, organizations, stratification systems, communities, and families. Answers: a. Structure b. Pluralistic state c. Acculturation system d. Culture e. Democracy

a. The idea of mutual respect for all groups and heritages

The concept of multiculturalism includes Answers: a. The idea of mutual respect for all groups and heritages b. The ultimate goal that we will all be one nationality--Americans. c. The intermarriage of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews d. Segregation from people who are "racially inferior" to you e. Being tolerant toward people who are less accomplished than you

a. People living in traditional societies exhibit a childlike innocence.

The concept of the Noble Savage argues that Answers: a. People living in traditional societies exhibit a childlike innocence. b. People living in traditional societies cannot be trained to be civilized. c. Contact could be bad for people living in traditional societies. d. European civilization should return to the old ways of traditional society. e. None of the above.

a. Asian and Pacific Islanders

The fastest growing groups in the United States are: Answers: a. Asian and Pacific Islanders b. Non-Hispanic white Americans c. Irish Americans d. African Americans e. Africans

e. All of the above

The population of the United States is currently: Answers: a. Affected by long-standing unresolved minority issues b. Affected by rising immigration rates c. Increasingly diverse d. Increasingly multilingual e. All of the above

d. An immigrant learning the language of her new country.

The process of assimilation can be illustrated by: Answers: a. Immigrants celebrating the holidays of their native country b. The great-grandson of an immigrant changing his name back to the original spelling. c. A minority group member being expelled from high school because of fighting. d. An immigrant learning the language of her new country. e. An immigrant refusing to speak English with her family.

False

The trait that identifies minority group membership is an achieved status, and minority group status usually is involuntary and for life. Answers: True False

a. Twice as high

The unemployment rate for African Americans is about ________________ as that for European Americans. Answers: a. Twice as high b. Ten times as high c. Half as high d. The same as e. Three times as high

b. Based on criteria that society deems important

To say that race is socially constructed is to say that it is: Answers: a. Not real b. Based on criteria that society deems important c. Based on birth and heredity d. Irrelevant

a. Cultural

When __________ assimilation occurs, two or more groups come to share common attitudes, values, and lifestyles. Answers: a. Cultural b. Structural c. Generational d. Fluid competitive e. Intergenerational

a. Balance the dangers of exposure to sunlight with the need for vitamin D

Variations in human skin color: Answers: a. Balance the dangers of exposure to sunlight with the need for vitamin D b. Have no relationship to climate or geography c. Are inversely related to the concentration of melanin: the greater the melanin, the lighter the skin d. Are related to the distance from the equator: the closer to the equator, the lighter the skin e. Have clear and definite points of demarcation

c. On the household rather than on the individual

What does the New Economics of Migration focus on? Answers: a. Only on individual economic decision making b. On social strategies, not economic strategies c. On the household rather than on the individual d. On entrepreneurship e. None of the above

a. The assignment of offspring of mixed-race couples to the subordinate racial category

What is hypodescent? Answers: a. The assignment of offspring of mixed-race couples to the subordinate racial category. b. The assignment of offspring of mixed-race couples to the dominant racial category. c. The assignment of offspring of mixed-race couples to a unique racial category. d. None of the above.

d. Laws requiring blacks to use different water fountains than whites

Which of the following best exemplifies de jure segregation? Answers: a. Whites and blacks choosing to attend different churches b. Whites and blacks choosing to live in different neighborhoods c. Customs suggesting that blacks should act deferential to whites d. Laws requiring blacks to use different water fountains than whites e. All of the above

a. Chinatown, located in San Francisco

Which of the following best illustrates an "enclave minority"? Answers: a. Chinatown, located in San Francisco b. A Native American reservation in South Dakota c. Isolated ethnic stores in a run-down urban area d. The Amish in rural Ohio e. A commune in a college town

d. It can be altered through hard work and motivation

Which of the following characteristcs in NOT typical of ascribed status? Answers: a. It is usually acquired at birth b. It typically cannot be changed easily c. It is usually involuntary d. It can be altered through hard work and motivation e. It is usually for life

a. African Americans

Which of the following groups is considered a colonized minority group? Answers: a. African Americans b. Italian Americans c. Cuban Americans d. Japanese Americans e. Irish Americans

e. All of the above

Which of the following groups is considered a middleman minority group? Answers: a. Cuban American b. Chinese American c. Korean American d. Indian American e. All of the above

e. Both c and d

Which of the following groups is considered an immigrant minority group? Answers: a. American Indians b. African Americans c. German Americans d. Irish Americans e. Both c and d

d. All of the above

Which of the following in true regarding the contact situations between American Indians and Spanish, French, and English? Answers: a. The Spanish found large, well-organized social systems and therefore found it useful to adapt to Aztec practices b. The French needed to cooperate with at least some Native American tribes to maximize the benefits of the economy they created c. The English met with smaller, less developed tribes and had no specific reasons to adapt to those social structures d. All of the above e. None of the above

e. Cheekbones

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cultural trait that is usually be associated with minority status? Answers: a. Language b. Religion c. Types of foods eaten d. Speech patterns e. Cheekbones

d. Small group size

Which of the following is NOT one of the defining characteristics of a minority group? Answers: a. Inequality b. A pattern of disadvantage or inequality c. Visible identifying traits or characteristics d. Small group size e. Usually determined by birth

d. Cultural differences among populations, usually based upon attributes such as language, religion, lifestyle, and cultural ideas about common descent or a specific territory.

Which of the following is a definition of ethnicity? Answers: a. The sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed b. Simultaneously an interpretation, representation, or explanation of racial dynamics, and an effort to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular racial lines. c. The belief that the human species is divided into biological subdivisions thought to be easily identified by the similarity of their biological characteristics so that populations can easily be sorted into while, yellow, and black, or Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid. d. Cultural differences among populations, usually based upon attributes such as language, religion, lifestyle, and cultural ideas about common descent or a specific territory.

b. The belief that the human species is divided into biological subdivisions thought to be easily identified by the similarity of their biological characteristics so that populations can easily be sorted into while, yellow, and black, or Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid.

Which of the following is a definition of race? Answers: a. Cultural differences among populations, usually based upon attributes such as language, religion, lifestyle, and cultural ideas about common descent or a specific territory. b. The belief that the human species is divided into biological subdivisions thought to be easily identified by the similarity of their biological characteristics so that populations can easily be sorted into while, yellow, and black, or Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid. c. An ideology or doctrine, a set of beliefs suggesting that 'races' exist and that there are significant differences among them. d. Simultaneously an interpretation, representation, or explanation of racial dynamics, and an effort to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular racial lines.

c. An ideology or doctrine, a set of beliefs suggesting that 'races' exist and that there are significant differences among them.

Which of the following is a definition of scientific racialism? Answers: a. Simultaneously, an interpretation, representation, and an effort to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular racial lines. b. The belief that the human species is divided into biological subdivisions thought to be easily identified by the similarity of their biological characteristics so that populations can easily be sorted into while, yellow, and black, or Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid. c. An ideology or doctrine, a set of beliefs suggesting that 'races' exist and that there are significant differences among them. d. The sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed.

e. All of the above

Which of the following is a reason that categories and labels are inappropriate as applied to humans? Answers: a. Members of the group may have little in common with each other b. People do not necessarily use these labels when they think about themselves c. There is no clear placement for some groups within the current naming system d. There is no clear placement for people who are members of more than one group within the current naming system e. All of the above

c. Inferior races are the source of social problems

Which of the following premises is associated with the eugenics movement in the United States? Answers: a. Races do not constitute distinctive divisions in the human species. b. Races are internally heterogeneous c. Inferior races are the source of social problems d. Interbreeding between inferior and superior races will improve the stock of the total population

e. All of the above

Which of the following statements is true about Mexican society in the southwest prior to the arrival of Anglo-Americans? Answers: a. Most Mexican Americans lived in small villages or farms b. Mexican American women devoted their energies to the family and household c. Mexican society was patriarchal d. Mexican society maintained a clear gender-based division of labor e. All of the above

e. Merit

Which of the following variables is not among the variables that affect rates of assimilation according to Van den Berghe? Answers: a. Group size b. Geographic distribution c. Cultural similarity d. Visibility e. Merit

c. Jewish Americans

Which of the following would be classified as primarily an ethnic minority group? Answers: a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Jewish Americans d. Asian Americans e. None of the above.

d. Because they lack contacts and information in foreign countries.

Why don't the poorest of the poor immigrate? Answers: a. Because they are lazy. b. Because they lack the intelligence to make it in a foreign country. c. Because they are comfortable where they are living. d. Because they lack contacts and information in foreign countries. e. None of the above.

d. They were barred from agricultural production

Why might Russian and Eastern European Jews have specialized in commerce? Answers: a. They were innately good with numbers b. They were known to be trustworthy c. They were the best-regarded people in their communities d. They were barred from agricultural production e. All of the above

b. They are physically identifiable as different from men d. They have less property, prestige, and power in our society

Women can be viewed as a minority group because: Choose (2) Answers: a. There are fewer women than men in the United States b. They are physically identifiable as different from men c. They have a consciousness of being "inferior" to men d. They have less property, prestige, and power in our society

d. Culture

____________ encompasses all aspects of the way of life associated with a group of people. Answers: a. Structure b. Acceptance c. Social stratification d. Culture e. Amalgamation

c. Structural

________________ pluralism exists when a group has acculturated but not integrated. Answers: a. Segmented b. Cultural c. Structural d. Multicultural e. None of the above

a. Prejudice and racism

__________________ are more the resulsts of systems of racial and ethnic inequality than they are the causes. Answers: a. Prejudice and racism b. Sexism and homophobia c. Mistrust and fear d. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism e. Misanthropy and misogyny