Reading Assignment 18

What is a contig?

A set of overlapping cloned fragments of chromosomal DNA

What is subcloning?

Cloning of a small DNA fragment from a larger DNA fragment that was previously cloned

Identifying and localizing millions of genetic markers was an important procedure for the Human Genome Project's goal of obtaining a genetic _______ map of the human genome

Linkage

Which of the following is an accurate description of shotgun sequencing?

Random DNA fragments are sequenced, and overlapping parts of the sequence are identified.

The complete sequencing of the approximately 3 billion bp that make up the human genome was ______

accomplished in several drafts and published in 2006

One technique used for physical mapping involves repeated rounds of subcloning and library screening to identify successive DNA fragments between a known starting location and a gene of interest. This technique is called

chromosome walking

Obtaining a physical map of the human genome was one of the goals of the Human Genome Project. Accomplishing this goal required ______.

cloning many segments of chromosomal DNA into BACs, YACs, and cosmids

A collection of clones containing overlapping pieces of chromosomal DNA that can be organized into a physical map is called a ______.

contig

One of the advantages of shotgun DNA sequencing compared to other methods is that it ______.

does not require extensive mapping

To map a large eukaryotic genome, researchers typically use vectors that can accept large chromosomal DNA inserts because ______.

fewer recombinant vectors will be needed

In physical mapping, the alignment of members of a contig can be determined by ______ from a DNA library.

hybridizing many combinations of clones

One of the goals of the Human Genome Project was to obtain a genetic linkage map of the human genome. This was accomplished by ______.

identifying millions of genetic markers and their locations on chromosomes

In positional cloning, a gene is cloned based on ______.

its location along a chromosome

It is easier to construct a contig from a library in which the cloned DNA fragments are large because the entire DNA contig can be represented in_________ recombinant vectors.

less

When using a DNA library to align the members of a contig, researchers hybridize many combinations of clones to determine which clones have common ________ regions.

overlapping

Cloning many segments of human chromosomal DNA into YACs, BACs, and cosmids was an important step in obtaining a(n) ____ map of the human genome.

physical

The strategy in which a gene is cloned based on its mapped location along a chromosome is called _______ cloning

positional

One of the methods that is used for genome-sequencing projects involves the sequencing of randomly generated DNA fragments followed by identification of overlapping regions in the DNA sequence. This method is called __________ sequencing.

shotgun

The cloning of a small piece of DNA that is part of the DNA insert of a larger clone is called

subcloning

Because of the experimental strategy used for shotgun sequencing, researchers using this strategy may ______.

waste time sequencing the same region of DNA many times