Review

What is pernicious anemia?

A decrease in red blood cells when the body can't absorb enough vitamin B-12.

Which drug does a nurse anticipate may be prescribed to produce diuresis and inhibit formation of aqueous humor for a client with glaucoma?

AcetaZOLAMIDE is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases inflow of aqueous humor and controls intraocular pressure in acute angle-closure glaucoma attack.

Which interventions should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed initially for a client who had a hemorrhoidectomy?

Applying moist heat and administering stool softeners

Why is it important for the nurse to take the client's vital signs frequently during the compensatory stage of shock?

Arteriolar constriction occurs. The early compensation of shock is cardiovascular and is reflected in changes in pulse, blood pressure, and pulse pressure

When providing care for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube, the nurse should take measures to prevent what serious complication?

Aspiration pneumonia

Which clinical indicators of end-stage renal disease should the nurse expect?

Azotemia and Hypertension

A nurse assesses a client with the diagnosis of an intestinal obstruction in the descending colon. When auscultating the midabdomen, the nurse expects to hear:

Borborygmi, which are rapid high-pitched bowel sounds that are indicative of the hyperperistalsis that occurs behind an intestinal obstruction

A nurse identifies premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) on a client's cardiac monitor and concludes that these complexes are a sign of:

Cardiac irritability

When monitoring a client for hyponatremia, what clinical findings should the nurse consider significant?

Confusion and poor tissue turgor

Which physiological effect of nicotine should the nurse explain to a group of clients with peripheral vascular disease in a smoking cessation program?

Constriction of the peripheral vessels increases the force of flow. Its primary action is vasoconstriction resulting increase in blood pressure impair circulation and limit the amount of oxygen being delivered to body cells, particularly in the extremities. Nicotine constricts all peripheral vessels

A client with a cardiac dysrhythmia is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) and verapamil (Calan). Because of the combined effect of these two medications, the nurse assesses the client for:

Myocardial depression

What is the reason for a thallium scan?

Myocardial muscle viability is determined.

A client is diagnosed with calcium oxalate renal calculi. Which nutrients should the nurse teach the client to avoid?

Nuts, spinach, rhubarb

What is intermittent claudication?

Pain that results when the arterial system is unable to provide adequate blood flow to the tissues in the presence of increased demands for oxygen and nutrients during exercise; it is relieved by rest.

A client with a large fetus is to have a pudendal block during the second stage of labor. What does the nurse plan to instruct the client about the effectiveness of the block?

Perineal pain will not be felt and bearing-down reflex will be diminished

Which complications are associated with chlamydial infections in neonates?

Pneumonia, pre term birth, Conjunctivitis

What is Presbyopia?

Presbyopia is the decreased accommodative ability of the lens that occurs with aging

Which clinical findings in the lower extremity support a diagnosis of an arterial ulcer?

Prolonged lack of oxygen to hair follicles results in hair loss, yellow-thickened toenails, pain, and diminished pedal pulses

What should the nurse teach the client related to the medication clopidogrel (Plavix)?

Report multiple bruises on the extremities. Clopidogrel is a platelet aggregation inhibitor that decreases the probability of clots forming, but it also increases bleeding tendencies when the dosage is excessive. Take with food

Which type of drug should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for a client that is in mild hypovolemic shock?

Sympathomimetics. They are vasopressors that induce arterial constriction, which increases venous return and cardiac output.

A nurse is caring for a client with complications associated with peritoneal dialysis. For which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor the client?

Tachycardia, cloudy outflow, abdominal pain

The client's activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is now 98 seconds. What should the nurse do?

The heparin should be withheld & doctor notified, because 98 seconds is almost three times the normal time it takes a fibrin clot to form (25 to 36 seconds) and prolonged bleeding may result; the therapeutic range for heparin is one-and-a-half to two times the normal range

Why the health care provider has prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl)?

Treat Helicobacter pylori infection

What clinical indicator does the nurse expect to identify when assessing a client with a brain tumor in the occipital lobe?

Visual hallucinations

the nurse explains to the client that the major purpose for cardiac catheterization is to:

Visualize the disease process in the coronary arteries

A client is hospitalized with joint pain, loss of hair, yellow pigmentation of the skin, and an enlarged liver is suspects of what type of toxicity?

Vitamin A

A vitamin that may be related to aging because of its relationship to the structure of cell walls is?

Vitamin E, which hinders oxidative breakdown of structural lipid membranes in body tissues caused by free radicals in the cells.

What drug class protects the ischemic myocardium by decreasing the catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation?

beta-adrenergic blockers

Which condition is the most direct cause of an MI?

coronary artery thrombosis

What is pancytopenia?

deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets)

During which phase do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow?

diastole

Which following an MI would be a metabolic change?

increased serum glucose and free fatty acid protein levels

After an anterior wall MI, which problem is indicated by auscultation of crackles in the lungs?

left sided heart failure

A client has been diagnosed as "brain dead". The nurse understands that this means that the client has:

no cortical functioning with some reflex breathing.

What is the treatment for CAD?

oral medications

Which is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis that the nurse needs to consider when caring for this client?

presence of infection

What are symptoms of left sided heart failure?

syncope, orthopnea, peripheral edema

Which artery primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?

the left anterior descending artery

What are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia to a client with type 1 diabetes?

thirst, fruity breath, excessive urination

Which complication is indicated by a third heart sound (s3)?

ventricular dilation

The nurse is caring for a client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm before surgery. Which nursing care is essential preoperatively?

Maintaining a low blood pressure, to reduce the risk of aortic rupture

A nurse is preparing a client with a ruptured tubal pregnancy for immediate surgery. What type of surgery should the informed consent include?

Salpingectomy

What is the most common complication of an MI?

arrhythmias

A client develops peritonitis and sepsis after the surgical repair of a ruptured diverticulum. What signs should the nurse expect when assessing the client?

Fever, tachypnea, abdominal rigidity

What is hemianopsia?

Hemianopsia, or hemianopia, is a decreased vision or blindness in half the visual field, usually on one side of the vertical midline. The most common causes of this damage are stroke, brain tumor, and trauma

For which possible side effects should the nurse monitor the client taking the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, Valsartan (Diovan)?

Irregular pulse rate and orthostatic hypotension

What is the purpose of isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)?

It dilates the coronary vasculature, improving the supply of oxygen to the hypoxic myocardium

An early clinical manifestation of meningeal irritation for which the nurse assesses the client is:

Kernig's sign, which is an inability to completely extend the legs

When a client is experiencing hypovolemic shock with decreased tissue perfusion, the body initially attempts to compensate by:

Maintaining peripheral vasoconstriction

Which are key features of right-sided heart failure?

Dependent edema, distended abdomen, polyuria at night

What assessments are consistent with peripheral arterial disease?

Absence of hair on toes and reports of pain associated with exercising

For which clinical indicators should the nurse assess the client with left ventricular heart failure?

Crackles and dyspnea on exertion

Which clinical indicators should the nurse determine are consistent with hypokalemia?

Decreased heart rate and bowel sounds

What is the function of calcium channel blockers?

Dialates coronary arteries, decrease afterload, reduces cardiac contractility, & slows heart rate

A patient complains of severe nausea, and the client's heartbeat is irregular and slow. These signs and symptoms are toxic effects of:

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A nurse is administering hydroxyzine (Vistaril) to a client. For which common side effects of this drug should the nurse monitor the client?

Drowsiness and dry mouth. This drug suppresses activity in key regions of the subcortical area of the central nervous system; it also has antihistaminic and anticholinergic effects

Which side effects or adverse reactions should the nurse assess this client after administering nalbuphine (Nubain) for pain?

Dry mouth, palpitations, constipation, orthosatic hypotension

Hydramnios is diagnosed in a primigravida at 35 weeks' gestation. What condition of the newborn is associated with hydramnios?

Esophageal atresia