Technology in Action: Chapter 1

True or False: Hacktivism is different from cyberterrorism.

True

True or False: Intellectual property can be legally protected even though it is not a physical object.

True

True or False: The move toward access instead of ownership is a sign of cognitive surplus.

True

True or False: Artificial intelligence systems think exactly like human beings do.

False

True or False: Web-based databases cannot be used to help investigators solve criminal cases.

False

A working definition of ethics is a. impossible because it means different things to different people. b. the laws of a given society. c. the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices individuals make. d. the rules of conduct presented in Christian religions.

a. impossible because it means different things to different people.

__________ is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating computer systems or computer-controlled machines that have an ability to perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence. a. Computer literacy b. Artificial intelligence c. Natural language d. Information technology

b. Artificial intelligence

Which of the following would not impact the digital divide? a. A decline in the price of internet access b. Less sharing of the work we produce c. Expansion of free wificonnectivity in major cities d. Legislation allowing communications companies to charge per website for access

b. Less sharing of the work we produce

Collaborative consumption is when people get together to a. find the best prices on products. b. increase the use of a single product by sharing access to it. c. fight diseases of the respiratory tract. d. exchange reviews on services and goods they have purchased.

b. increase the use of a single product by sharing access to it.

The digital divide occurred because a. the United States has the fastest Internet access. b. not everyone has equal access to the Internet. c. crowdfunding is increasing. d. everyone now has a smartphone.

b. not everyone has equal access to the Internet.

Crowdfunding sites include a. Citi Bike and Zipcar. b. Bing and Google. c. Kickstarter and GoFundMe. d. Amazon and Kiva.

c. Kickstarter and GoFundMe.

All of the following are current focuses of AI research EXCEPT a. natural language processing. b. perception. c. cognitive surplus. d. knowledge representation.

c. cognitive surplus.

Crowdfunding helps startup businesses by a. selling stock more easily. b. using QR codes to advertise and market products. c. gathering financial contributions from supporters. d. replacing Web 2.0 technology.

c. gathering financial contributions from supporters.

The set of formal or informal ethical principles you use to make decisions is your a. mindset. b. instinct. c. personal ethics. d. personality.

c. personal ethics.

AI systems that help people discover things they may like but may not discover on their own are known as a. crowdsourcing systems. b. Turing testers. c. recommendation engines. d. intelligent personal assistants.

c. recommendation engines.

The crisis-mapping tool Ushahidi a. prevents two-way dialog between people. b. is only available in the United States. c. shows that a free software product can have great value. d. relies on people using their desktop computing power to help others.

c. shows that a free software product can have great value.

Automated bot accounts use social media a. responsibly. b. to help humans who are busy. c. to manipulate opinion by posting news stories and quotes massive numbers of times. d. in some countries but they are illegal in the U.S.

c. to manipulate opinion by posting news stories and quotes

Bike-sharing programs like Citi Bike are an example of a. principled psychology. b. crowdfunding. c. crowdsourcing. d. a subscription-style business model made possible by technology.

d. a subscription-style business model made possible by technology.

Being computer literate includes being able to a. avoid spam, adware, and spyware. b. use the web effectively. c. diagnose and fix hardware and software problems. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The analysis of a computer system to gather potential legal evidence is a. affective computing. b. data mining. c. hacktivism. d. computer forensics.

d. computer forensics.

Cognitive surplus means that we now find many people with a. more money than free time. b. limited access to the Internet. c. mobile devices. d. excess time and free tools for collaboration.

d. excess time and free tools for collaboration.

Sophisticated modeling software is helping international researchers a. create more intricate screenplays and movie scripts. b. analyze computer systems to gather potential legal evidence. c. market new types of products to a wider audience. d. increase the pace of research in finding and producing vaccines.

d. increase the pace of research in finding and producing vaccines.