Rhetoric Cornell Notes
either or reasoning
Presenting an unavoidable need to chose between two alternatives; being limited to two options.
non sequitar
a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.
begging the question
assume without proof the stand/position, or a significant part of the stand, that is in question.
constructing an argument
author's verdibility
hasty generalization
based on insufficient evidence—essentially making a rushed conclusion without considering all of the variables.
strategies for an arguement
cause/effect, chain of reasoning, rebuttal, concession/restitution, process analysis, rhetorical methods
4 main components of an argumentation essay
concession, confirmation, refutation,concluding
reasoning
controlled thinking in which you come to accept or reject an idea based on validity
modes of discourse
describe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of language-based communication, particularly writing and speaking. most common: rhetorical modes and their purpose are narration, description, exposition, and argumentation.
Ad hominem
directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.
pathos
emotional appeal used to obtain certain response from audience, uses bias, prejudice, connotative lang
logical fallacy
errors in reasoning - leads to an argument being invalid. Don't oversimplify complex issues, claim too much
ehtos
ethical appeal, establishing credibility as a way to persuade, show written voice, builds trust, support reasons with logical agreement
pedantry
excessive concern with minor details and rules, display of narrow minded
effective argument contains
ideas that take a position on an issue
writer's responsibility in writing confirmation paragraphs in argumentative essay
introduces other side of argument, provides further concrete info on position
Ad populem
is a fallacious argument that concludes that a proposition is true because many or most people believe it
logos
logical appeal, use of logic to persuade audience. Inductive, deductive reasoning syllogism, cite beliefs/culture, manipulates style
induction
method of reasoning that moves from specific instances to a general conclusion.
logic
methods of ascertaining and preserving the truth
argumentation/persuasion
persuading audience by repeating point of view
writer's responsibility on concluding paragraph in argumentative essay
present issue with concrete image, reinstatement of position
circular reasoning
proving an idea with another
requirements for writing an effective arguement
specific purpose addressed, and targeted audience that you direct your purpose to
purpose
specific reasons for the writing, conveys what the reader has to gain
what is the purpose of the study of rhetoric?
to convey a message through elements of diction to achieve a specific purpose
elements of audience appeal
type of audience, knowledge appeal, language
post hoc, ergo propter hoc
used to indicate that a causal relationship has erroneously been assumed from a merely sequential one, idea of assuming
why should logical fallacies be avoided?
weakens an arguement
