Rocks and the Rock Cycle Final Exam
How are igneous rocks classified?
Classification is based on the rock's texture (grain size) and composition.
How are cooling rates and crystal sizes related in igneous rocks?
The activity relates to the process of igneous rock formation by the cooling of magma. It can be used to illustrate how the rate at which molten rock cools affects the size of the crystals that form within the solid rock - rapid cooling producing small crystals, slower cooling producing larger ones.
What is crystallization?
The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure
What rock type crystallizes?
igneous
What are the three types of rocks?
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
What can the sorting and rounding of sand tell you about how far it has traveled from its source?
is a measure of the variation in the range of grain sizes in a rock or sediment. Well-sorted sediments are all about the same size and may have been subjected to prolonged water or wind action. Poorly-sorted sediments show a wide variation in size and may have undergone very little transport.
Which igneous rocks are darker in color felsic or mafic?
mafic
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock
metamorphic rock that does not exhibit a banded or layered appearance
What are clastic sedimentary rocks formed from? Select all that apply. particles of other rocks sediments rapidly cooled lava crystals that grew in place matrix or cement
particles of other rocks sediments matrix or cement
clastic sediments
physically deposited particles derived from weathered rocks
intrusive igneous rock
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface
extrusive igneous rock
rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
The best evidence for determining the cooling rate of an igneous rock during its solidification is provided by: fossils faults in the rock the disintegration of radioactive substances the crystal size of its minerals
the crystal size of its minerals
metamorphic rock
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
Metamorphic rocks...
Are formed via some combination of heat, pressure, and fluids. Are either foliated or non-foliated. Can be formed from any rock type.
Lithification is the process of turning lava or magma into solid rock. True False
False
Igneous rocks...
Form via cooling and crystallization Are classified based on their texture and composition. Have crystals. Cool from lava or magma.
Is molten rock at the surface of Earth (for example, at Hawai'i) called magma, or lava?
Lava
chemical and biochemical sediments
New chemical substances that form by precipitation when some of a rock's components dissolve during weathering and are carried in river waters to the sea.
What is the difference between plutonic and volcanic rocks?
Plutonic rocks are rocks formed when magma cools and solidifies below the earth's surface, and volcanic rocks are rocks formed when lava cools and solidifies on the earth's surface.
By what criteria are sedimentary rocks classified?
Sedimentary rocks are classified degree of sorting degree of rounding particle or grain size cement type
All types of rocks are categorized based on their texture and composition. True False
True
Fine sediments create finely textured sedimentary rocks. True False
True
How is igneous rock formed?
When magma cools
foliated metamorphic rock
a metamorphic rock with a texture that gives the rock a layered appearance
Which igneous rocks contain more silica (SiO2): felsic or mafic?
felsic
How is sedimentary rock formed?
formed from sediments being compressed by other overlying sediments
