RPTM 277 Exam 2

Communicate Respect

-Avoid words inferring deviancy and helplessness -Avoid: geezer, moron, dummy, retard -Use: people with developmental disabilities, intellectual disabilities, psychological disorders

Consider Person First

-Avoid words that stigmatize and stereotype -Avoid "those muslims, the disabled kids or the lesbian" -Use: people who are of the muslim faith, children with disabilities and a woman who is lesbian -Avoid words that focus on groups:asians, amputee, poor -Use: individual of asian descent, person with amputation, people living in poverty

Increase chances for active participation

-Divide participants -> small groups -Provide areas for small group participation -Partner people with similar interests -make accommodations for everyone -determine interests -promote interactions between those with similar interests -modify rules for everyone, not just some

How do people become advocates and allies?

-prepare -do it -evaluate -does not take extensive expertise

Cultivate friendship

-reciprocity -voluntary -enjoy each others company -share interests

Focus on similarities

-search and find commonalities -that create bonds -results in accepting/celebrating differences

Design cooperative activities

-small working groups who share -assign steps of tasks to different people Example: make collage

Focus on Similarities

-Intill we or us versus you and them -Avoid "special" -Label only when necessary

What are examples of programs promoting social interactions?

-after-school -shared interests at home (invite friends) -drama groups -positive purpose

Evaluate attempts at being an advocate and ally

-analyze content -examine process -identify successful advocacy

How can we prepare people to promote social interaction?

-be aware of isolation -learn about benefits of friendship -Include participants and families in planning -Teach leisure service providers

What is advocacy and being an ally?

-commitment to a cause -doing more than a routine -direct, distract, delegate -involves risk -seek to correct and remove barriers to equity

Impairment

-diminish in strength

Humanness

-everyone can think -every person is an individual (has own identity and uniqueness) -reciprocity -social place

Structure interactions:

-facilitate proximity: be physically close -Foster familiarity: get to know one another -Promote interdependence: reciprocal

Adopt a person-centered approach

-focus on abilities -focus on interests -communicate participants importance -foster relationships -develop sense of community

How do we adopt inclusive leisure beliefs?

-focus on similarities -view all people as part of humanity -adopt a person-centered approach

Benefits of inclusion for service providers

-increase acceptance -improve financial situation

Benefits of friendship

-learn social skills -engage in reciprocity -Develop sense of autonomy -Enhance self-esteem -Instill sense of belonging -Experience intimacy -Feel valued and loved

Select interactive materials/equipment

-limit number to promote sharing -use fantasy materials -provide props for drama -play table card games -include creative arts

Prepare

-listen to peoples perspective -become informed -set goals

Teach social skills and promote friendship

-make eye contact -consider speech volume -use body language -respect space -be an active listener -provide social supports: volunteers, reminders, assistance

Research on isolation: people tend to:

-make friends with peers similar to themselves -sit next to those similar peers -communicate with people similar -Avoid people who appear different from them in some way

Make Indirect Contact via Media

Counter plethora of negative images Use media constructively Represent people oppressed in positive manner Dispel stereotypes Reduces anxiety Develop a sense of connection

View all people as part of humanity

Humanness

Disability

Deprivation of a skill

Emphasize Abilities

Use words describing mobilization -Avoid: confined, wheelchair-bound, dependent on -Use: uses a wheelchair Use words describing characteristic -Avoid: suffers from, victim of, it is a shame that, a pity that -Use: the person has, the condition is caused by, a situation resulting from

Use Consistent terms

Use: sexual orientation Avoid: sexual preference

Contact Theory =

The more we do with people (interpersonal contact) the more we develop an appreciation for their uniqueness.

Structure interactions

mutual respect

Who is responsible for being an ally?

everyone

Do it

approach -ask if you can be of assistance -listen -present information -be clear -be tactful (suggest alternatives) -be honest -seek out those in authority -consider humor: laugh with not at -be ethical

ACCCCT Right

awareness convictions competence character courage trust

Bigotry

stubborn intolerance of others, beliefs, opinions different from own

Handicap

varies between situation -social- negative attitudes -Personal- lack information -Physical- architectural and ecological -Resources-lack funds, training, people to support

Participate in Simulations

-Develop empathy -Counteract sympathy -Feelings of pity and sorrow for another's misfortune -We put us on a different level when we sypathise with them -You want to try to see where they are coming from

How can we cultivate professional competence?

-Acquire knowledge/skills (competence) -Attend presentations and discussions -Engage in self-reflection -Develop an awareness of attitudes -Make structured direct contact -Experience positive images -Make indirect contact via media -Simulate experiences: Vicarious take place of another -Professional Competence <=> Positive Attitudes

Include participants and families in planning

-Administer surveys and questionnaires -Conduct observations

How can we encourage positive contact

-Structure interactions -Design cooperative activities -Increase active participation -Select interactive materials -Teach social skills -Promote friendships

Why is it helpful to use sensitive terminology?

-Treat individuals with respect -Instill sense of dignity -Promote acceptance -Counteract oppression

Consider Privilege

-Use: women who earned degree, people without disability, child whose family is affluent, individuals who are heterosexual -Avoid: normal -Use: woman who is a young adult or boy who is caucasian

9 ways to improve attitudes

1. structure interactions 2. encourage personal contact 3. promote joint participation 4. facilitate equal status 5. foster cooperative interdependence 6. develop effective communication 7. create natural proportions 8. model positive interactions 9. encourage age-appropriateness

Bigot

devoted to own opinion, prejudices reflecting intolerance of those different from own