RPTM 277 Exam 2
Communicate Respect
-Avoid words inferring deviancy and helplessness -Avoid: geezer, moron, dummy, retard -Use: people with developmental disabilities, intellectual disabilities, psychological disorders
Consider Person First
-Avoid words that stigmatize and stereotype -Avoid "those muslims, the disabled kids or the lesbian" -Use: people who are of the muslim faith, children with disabilities and a woman who is lesbian -Avoid words that focus on groups:asians, amputee, poor -Use: individual of asian descent, person with amputation, people living in poverty
Increase chances for active participation
-Divide participants -> small groups -Provide areas for small group participation -Partner people with similar interests -make accommodations for everyone -determine interests -promote interactions between those with similar interests -modify rules for everyone, not just some
How do people become advocates and allies?
-prepare -do it -evaluate -does not take extensive expertise
Cultivate friendship
-reciprocity -voluntary -enjoy each others company -share interests
Focus on similarities
-search and find commonalities -that create bonds -results in accepting/celebrating differences
Design cooperative activities
-small working groups who share -assign steps of tasks to different people Example: make collage
Focus on Similarities
-Intill we or us versus you and them -Avoid "special" -Label only when necessary
What are examples of programs promoting social interactions?
-after-school -shared interests at home (invite friends) -drama groups -positive purpose
Evaluate attempts at being an advocate and ally
-analyze content -examine process -identify successful advocacy
How can we prepare people to promote social interaction?
-be aware of isolation -learn about benefits of friendship -Include participants and families in planning -Teach leisure service providers
What is advocacy and being an ally?
-commitment to a cause -doing more than a routine -direct, distract, delegate -involves risk -seek to correct and remove barriers to equity
Impairment
-diminish in strength
Humanness
-everyone can think -every person is an individual (has own identity and uniqueness) -reciprocity -social place
Structure interactions:
-facilitate proximity: be physically close -Foster familiarity: get to know one another -Promote interdependence: reciprocal
Adopt a person-centered approach
-focus on abilities -focus on interests -communicate participants importance -foster relationships -develop sense of community
How do we adopt inclusive leisure beliefs?
-focus on similarities -view all people as part of humanity -adopt a person-centered approach
Benefits of inclusion for service providers
-increase acceptance -improve financial situation
Benefits of friendship
-learn social skills -engage in reciprocity -Develop sense of autonomy -Enhance self-esteem -Instill sense of belonging -Experience intimacy -Feel valued and loved
Select interactive materials/equipment
-limit number to promote sharing -use fantasy materials -provide props for drama -play table card games -include creative arts
Prepare
-listen to peoples perspective -become informed -set goals
Teach social skills and promote friendship
-make eye contact -consider speech volume -use body language -respect space -be an active listener -provide social supports: volunteers, reminders, assistance
Research on isolation: people tend to:
-make friends with peers similar to themselves -sit next to those similar peers -communicate with people similar -Avoid people who appear different from them in some way
Make Indirect Contact via Media
Counter plethora of negative images Use media constructively Represent people oppressed in positive manner Dispel stereotypes Reduces anxiety Develop a sense of connection
View all people as part of humanity
Humanness
Disability
Deprivation of a skill
Emphasize Abilities
Use words describing mobilization -Avoid: confined, wheelchair-bound, dependent on -Use: uses a wheelchair Use words describing characteristic -Avoid: suffers from, victim of, it is a shame that, a pity that -Use: the person has, the condition is caused by, a situation resulting from
Use Consistent terms
Use: sexual orientation Avoid: sexual preference
Contact Theory =
The more we do with people (interpersonal contact) the more we develop an appreciation for their uniqueness.
Structure interactions
mutual respect
Who is responsible for being an ally?
everyone
Do it
approach -ask if you can be of assistance -listen -present information -be clear -be tactful (suggest alternatives) -be honest -seek out those in authority -consider humor: laugh with not at -be ethical
ACCCCT Right
awareness convictions competence character courage trust
Bigotry
stubborn intolerance of others, beliefs, opinions different from own
Handicap
varies between situation -social- negative attitudes -Personal- lack information -Physical- architectural and ecological -Resources-lack funds, training, people to support
Participate in Simulations
-Develop empathy -Counteract sympathy -Feelings of pity and sorrow for another's misfortune -We put us on a different level when we sypathise with them -You want to try to see where they are coming from
How can we cultivate professional competence?
-Acquire knowledge/skills (competence) -Attend presentations and discussions -Engage in self-reflection -Develop an awareness of attitudes -Make structured direct contact -Experience positive images -Make indirect contact via media -Simulate experiences: Vicarious take place of another -Professional Competence <=> Positive Attitudes
Include participants and families in planning
-Administer surveys and questionnaires -Conduct observations
How can we encourage positive contact
-Structure interactions -Design cooperative activities -Increase active participation -Select interactive materials -Teach social skills -Promote friendships
Why is it helpful to use sensitive terminology?
-Treat individuals with respect -Instill sense of dignity -Promote acceptance -Counteract oppression
Consider Privilege
-Use: women who earned degree, people without disability, child whose family is affluent, individuals who are heterosexual -Avoid: normal -Use: woman who is a young adult or boy who is caucasian
9 ways to improve attitudes
1. structure interactions 2. encourage personal contact 3. promote joint participation 4. facilitate equal status 5. foster cooperative interdependence 6. develop effective communication 7. create natural proportions 8. model positive interactions 9. encourage age-appropriateness
Bigot
devoted to own opinion, prejudices reflecting intolerance of those different from own