RSPT Test 3

While percussing a patient's chest wall, you detect an abnormal increase in resonance. Which of the following are possible causes of this finding?

1. Asthma 2. Pneumothorax 3. Emphysema

In which of the following disorders is digital clubbing a common physical sign?

1. Congenital heart disease 2. Lung cancer 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Which of the following conditions would tend to shift the point of maximal impulse (PMI) farther to the left?

2. Collapse of the left lower lobe 4. Right-sided tension pneumothorax

While percussing a patient's chest wall, you encounter an area that produces a decreased resonance to percussion. Which of the following are potential causes of this finding?

2. Pleural effusion 3. Pneumonia 4. Atelectasis

What is indicated by retractions?

An increase in the work of breathing

abnormally low respiratory rate

Bradypnea

Loud, tubular breath sounds with an expiratory component equal to the inspiratory component best describes which of the following breath sounds?

Bronchial

While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then decrease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Which of the following would cause an increase in tactile fremitus?

Pneumonia

While palpating the chest of a patient who repeats the words "ninety-nine," you note an area of increased tactile fremitus over the left lower lobe. Which of the following could explain this finding?

Pneumonia

Which of the following can cause decreased breath sounds?

1. Air or fluid in the pleural space 2. Hyperinflation of lung tissue 3. Mucus plugging of the airways 4. Shallow or slow breathing

While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then decrease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following are potential causes of this abnormality?

1. Central nervous system disorder 2. Congestive heart failure

Which of the following abnormalities should the practitioner be on the lookout for during inspection of the extremities?

1. Digital clubbing 2. Peripheral cyanosis 4. Impaired capillary refill

In which of the following conditions might the intensity of the heart sounds be reduced?

1. Heart failure 3. Pneumothorax 4. Pleural effusion

Which of the following represent proper chest auscultation technique?

1. The practitioner should begin auscultation at the lung bases. 2. The patient should be instructed to breathe through an open mouth. 3. The patient should be placed in a comfortable upright position.

A clinician unsuccessfully tried to take the pulse of a patient who is suffering from an asthma attack in the ER. The patient's breath sounds are diminished to absent bilaterally with a BP of 110 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic. What can be concluded about this patient's condition?

2) Lung hyperinflation is present. 3) Pulsus paradoxus is present.

In which of the following conditions would late-inspiratory crackles be most likely to occur?

2. Pulmonary fibrosis 3. Pneumonia 4. Pulmonary edema

While palpating the thorax of a patient who repeats the words "ninety-nine," you note a localized area of decreased tactile fremitus on the lower right side. Which of the following could explain this finding?

2. Right-sided lower pneumothorax 3. Right-sided lower pleural effusion 4. Obstruction of a bronchus in the right lung

A 55-year-old patient has been smoking a pack and a half of cigarettes (30 cigarettes) per day for 30 years. What is the patient's smoking history?

45 pack years

Inspiratory crackles in patients without excess secretions are most commonly associated with which of the following?

Airways popping open during inspiration

Which of the following pulmonary disorders is most likely to result in hepatomegaly?

Cor pulmonale

What is indicated by the breathing pattern known as abdominal paradox?

Diaphragm fatigue

What disease is associated with a barrel chest?

Emphysema

Normal Breathing Pattern

Eupnea

Labored breathing in the upright position

Hyperpnea

You observe a patient's breathing pattern as very irregular and interspersed with long periods of apnea. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?

Increased intracranial pressure

What breathing pattern is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Kussmaul breathing

During auscultation of a patient's chest, you hear coarse crackles throughout both inspiration and expiration. These sounds clear when the patient coughs. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these adventitious sounds?

Movement of excessive secretions in the airways

A patient with asthma would tend to exhibit which of the following?

Prolonged exhalation

During examination of a patient's extremities, you press firmly for a brief period on a fingernail. You observe that it takes approximately 5 sec for the color to return to the nail bed. This finding is most consistent with

Reduction in cardiac output or poor peripheral perfusion

In patients with chronic respiratory disease, what does pedal edema indicate?

Right ventricular failure

Which of the following is true of peripheral cyanosis?

Sign of inadequate tissue perfusion.

On palpating the neck region of a patient on a mechanical ventilator, you notice a crackling sound and sensation. What is the most likely cause of this observation?

Subcutaneous emphysema

Abnormally high respiratory rate

Tachypnea

What does the presence of stridor indicate?

Upper airway obstruction

During an interview, the patient states he has been coughing up thick, foul-smelling sputum. This finding is most consistent with

a bacterial infection of the lung

A 23-year-old patient enters the emergency room complaining of dyspnea. The RT places the patient on oxygen as per hospital protocol and begins to interview the patient about her symptoms. She states that she is having difficulty taking a breath with chest tightness. Patient has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min with a loose productive cough. During auscultation, the RT hears bilateral wheezing in the lungs. What is the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms?

asthma

A patient's medical record indicates that he has orthopnea. Which of the following best describes this condition?

difficulty breathing when lying down

What term is used to describe an abnormal anteroposterior curvature of the spine?

kyphosis

Difficulty Breathing in Supine Position

orthopnea

There are vibrations on exhalation over the upper chest. What action should be taken at this time?

pt should be suctioned

A child is brought to the ER for severe respiratory distress. Upon entering the room, the RT hears a high-pitched sound when the child inhales. This is most likely

stridor

What term best describes a loud, high-pitched continuous sound heard (often with the unaided ear) primarily over the larynx or trachea during inhalation in patients with upper airway obstruction?

stridor

Soft, muffled sounds heard mainly during inspiration over the peripheral lung parenchyma best describe which of the following breath sounds?

vesicular