Sample-Set-4
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Changes in length of daylight are primarily a result of: W) Change in the distance Earth is from the Sun X) Change in the direction the Earth tilts relative to the Sun Y) Change in the Moon's position relative to the Sun Z) Change in how fast the Earth turns on its axis
ANSWER: X) CHANGE IN THE DIRECTION THE EARTH TILTS RELATIVE TO THE SUN
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following locations would you expect a scientist who was studying tundra to collect his or her samples? W) The Pacific Ocean X) Coastal Greenland Y) The tropics Z) The Sahara
ANSWER: X) COASTAL GREENLAND
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following types of physical weathering is referred to as onion skin weathering, where concentric shells of weathered material form around a rock? W) Freeze/thaw X) Exfoliation Y) Unloading Z) Thermal expansion
ANSWER: X) EXFOLIATION
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which part of Earth's atmosphere is farthest from Earth's surface? W) Stratosphere X) Exosphere Y) Thermosphere Z) Troposphere
ANSWER: X) EXOSPHERE
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following units is used to measure the diameter of protons? W) Attometer X) Femtometer Y) Leptometer Z) Ziggiometer
ANSWER: X) FEMTOMETER
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following sedimentary rocks is often formed in a tropical ocean? W) Sandstone X) Limestone Y) Breccia (read as: BREH-ch(ee)ah) Z) Shale
ANSWER: X) LIMESTONE
BONUS 3) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following characteristics best describes metals? W) Brittle, highly reactive, and have low melting points X) Lustrous, malleable, and are good conductors Y) Dense, form salts, and are highly reactive Z) Hard, form negatively charged ions, and are good resistors
ANSWER: X) LUSTROUS, MALLEABLE, AND ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS
TOSS-UP 20) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a mineral? W) Quartz X) Marble Y) Feldspar Z) Calcite
ANSWER: X) MARBLE
BONUS 11) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Protist habitats are often characterized by the presence of which of the following? W) Soil X) Moisture Y) Algae Z) High altitude
ANSWER: X) MOISTURE
TOSS-UP 23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice When you bombard uranium-235 with a slowmoving neutron, the resulting atomic change is called: W) Nuclear fusion X) Nuclear fission Y) Electron addition Z) Nuclear degradation
ANSWER: X) NUCLEAR FISSION
TOSS-UP 2) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a chemical reaction? W) Evaporating rubbing alcohol X) Burning lamp oil Y) Dissolving table salt in water Z) Forming frost
ANSWER: X) BURNING LAMP OIL
BONUS 23) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice When you have the flu, what part of the nervous system is responsible for elevating your body temperature? W) Medulla oblongata X) Pons Y) Hypothalamus Z) Brain stem
ANSWER: Y) HYPOTHALAMUS
TOSS-UP 10) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What type of feature would you least expect to find in an arid environment? W) Dunes X) Evaporites Y) Point bar Z) Alluvial fan
ANSWER: Y) POINT BAR
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What fossil fuel is responsible for most of the acid rain in the United States? W) Oil X) Natural Gas Y) Coal Z) Oil Shale
ANSWER: Y) COAL
BONUS 6) MATH Short Answer On a coordinate grid, a dashed line passes through the points (-5, 0) and (0, 5), and everything is shaded beneath that line. What inequality is represented by this image?
ANSWER: y < x + 5
TOSS-UP 1) MATH Short Answer How many cubic yards of concrete are needed to pour a sidewalk measuring 4 feet wide, 54 feet long, and 3 inches deep?
ANSWER: 2
TOSS-UP 16) MATH Short Answer How many positive factors does the number 1051 have?
ANSWER: 2
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Alpha decay occurs when an atom emits an alpha particle. What is an alpha particle?
ANSWER: 2 PROTONS AND 2 NEUTRONS (ACCEPT: HELIUM NUCLEUS)
TOSS-UP 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer In which direction do winds circulate during a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere?
ANSWER: COUNTERCLOCKWISE
TOSS-UP 23) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What kind of vertebrates have hair or fur and feed their young with milk?
ANSWER: MAMMALS
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer The linear momentum of a particle is directly proportional to which two quantities?
ANSWER: MASS AND VELOCITY
BONUS 20) MATH Short Answer Find the reference angle to angle A =
ANSWER:
TOSS-UP 4) MATH Short Answer Expressing your answer in exponential form, simplify: (8 ) (8 ) (read as: 8 to the fifth times 8 to the fifth).
ANSWER:
BONUS 4) MATH Short Answer Express the following in simplest exponential form: ( ) (3 +2)³ ( ) (read as: 6 to the fourth times the quantity 3 plus 2 cubed times 6 cubed).
ANSWER: (67 ) (53 )
BONUS 19) MATH Short Answer What is the product of the first three even negative integers?
ANSWER: - 48
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Short Answer What is the coefficient of x in 10y - 6x + 13?
ANSWER: -6
TOSS-UP 6) MATH Short Answer Evaluate: 3 - |6 - 15| (read as: 3 minus the absolute value of the quantity 6 minus 15).
ANSWER: -6
BONUS 11) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In a given ecosystem, there are 1 million kilojoules of energy contained in the primary producer biomass. How much energy is available, in kilojoules, to secondary consumers if primary consumers are 10% efficient at converting energy to biomass?
ANSWER: 100,000
TOSS-UP 24) MATH Short Answer What is the largest prime number less than 20?
ANSWER: 19
BONUS 20) MATH Short Answer If you had a stem-and-leaf plot in which the first stem 1 had leaves of 2, 2, and 4; the second stem 2 had leaves of 1, 4, and 5; and the third stem 3 had leaves of 0, 0, and 1; what is the median?
ANSWER: 24
BONUS 24) MATH Short Answer What is the sum of the largest prime number less than 50 and the largest square number less than 50?
ANSWER: 96
BONUS 20) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer To which phylum do jellyfish currently belong?
ANSWER: CNIDARIA (DO NOT ACCEPT: COELENTERATA)
TOSS-UP 15) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Due to the construction of the Hoover Dam, the delta of what river has been affected by changes in water flow?
ANSWER: COLORADO RIVER
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What color does copper burn in a flame?
ANSWER: GREEN
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What ion is known as the stable identity of the proton?
ANSWER: HYDROGEN ION (ACCEPT: H+)
TOSS-UP 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer In which of the three spheres of Earth does life exist throughout much of the sphere?
ANSWER: HYDROSPHERE
TOSS-UP 2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Hinge and ball-and-socket are two examples of which kind of body part?
ANSWER: JOINT
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the specific term for the mutualistic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant?
ANSWER: MYCORRHIZA
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name given to the supercontinent believed to have existed around 250 million years ago, before the continents split apart and drifted to where they are today?
ANSWER: PANGAEA
BONUS 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Neglecting the effect of air resistance, what is the shape of the trajectory of a projectile launched upward at a 50 degree angle from ground level?
ANSWER: PARABOLA
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the SI unit for pressure?
ANSWER: PASCAL
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the best known product made from organisms classified as imperfect fungi.
ANSWER: PENICILLIN
BONUS 3) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer During what stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?
ANSWER: PROPASE ONE
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What body organ destroys and recycles old and damaged red blood cells?
ANSWER: SPLEEN
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer By what name is our galaxy typically called?
ANSWER: THE MILKY WAY
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer El Niño and La Niña conditions are a result of surface temperature anomalies in which ocean basin?
ANSWER: THE PACIFIC OCEAN
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following characteristics is the least reliable when identifying minerals? W) Color X) Streak Y) Cleavage Z) Hardness
ANSWER: W) COLOR
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Fossil fuels form through the decomposition of organic materials. You're studying a map that shows ancient environments. If you went hunting tomorrow for fossil fuels, which of these ancient habitats would you avoid? W) Desert X) Swamp Y) Forest Z) Coral reef
ANSWER: W) DESERT
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about the kingdom Fungi? W) Fungi are more closely related to plants than animals X) Fungi are not dependent on light Y) Fungi can grow in any direction Z) Fungi usually reproduce by wind-disseminated spores
ANSWER: W) FUNGI ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO PLANTS THAN ANIMALS
BONUS 20) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following types of radiation has the shortest wavelength? W) Gamma rays X) X-rays Y) Infrared radiation Z) Ultraviolet radiation
ANSWER: W) GAMMA RAYS
TOSS-UP 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following intermolecular forces is strongest? W) Hydrogen bonding X) London dispersion force Y) Dipole-dipole interaction Z) Hydrophobic interaction
ANSWER: W) HYDROGEN BONDING
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Apatosaurus? W) It was an omnivore X) It could crack its tail like a whip to ward off would-be attackers Y) It had a small jaw Z) An adult weighed as much as 20 elephants
ANSWER: W) IT WAS AN OMNIVORE
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following materials has the greatest density? W) Lead X) Silver Y) Zinc Z) Copper
ANSWER: W) LEAD
TOSS-UP 11) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Most scientists believe that protists evolved from which of the following? W) Prokaryotes (read as: prōe-KAHR-ee-ōets) X) Fungi Y) Plants Z) Euglenoids (read as: yuh-GLEE-nohids)
ANSWER: W) PROKARYOTES
TOSS-UP 14) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Gary and Paul were conducting a science experiment to determine how far an egg could drop before it broke. Gary tested 20 total eggs: 4 cracked at 2 feet, 6 cracked at 3 feet, and the rest did not break after dropping. The data that he collected represents which of the following parts of the scientific method? W) Results X) Conclusions Y) Hypothesis Z) Variables
ANSWER: W) RESULTS
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following geologic periods is the oldest? W) Silurian X) Devonian Y) Jurassic Z) Permian
ANSWER: W) SILURIAN
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following substances is likely to be the most reactive in water? W) Sodium X) Mercury Y) Aluminum Z) Gold
ANSWER: W) SODIUM
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the primary component of Saturn's rings?
ANSWER: WATER ICE
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What greenhouse gas has the greatest impact on Earth's climate?
ANSWER: WATER VAPOR
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A vinaigrette salad dressing is an example of: W) Solution X) Emulsion Y) Suspension Z) Alloy
ANSWER: X) EMULSION
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following processes represents the restoration of severed appendages? W) Sporulation X) Regeneration Y) Vegetative propagation Z) Budding
ANSWER: X) REGENERATION
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is an inevitable consequence of the global climate change we are facing today? W) Extinction of humans X) Rise in sea level Y) World war Z) Closing down of Arctic waterways
ANSWER: X) RISE IN SEA LEVEL
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT an accurate representation of cladograms? W) They emphasize the sequence in which derived characteristics arose X) They illustrate the benefits provided by the derived characteristic Y) They visually organize the relationships between organisms that share characteristics Z) They can be constructed for any group of organisms
ANSWER: X) THEY ILLUSTRATE THE BENEFITS PROVIDED BY THE DERIVED
BONUS 2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Muscle, connective, nerve, and epithelial are four basic types of animal: W) Cells X) Tissues Y) Organs Z) Organ systems
ANSWER: X) TISSUES
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The reactivity of an element depends predominantly on its: W) Atomic mass X) Valence electron configuration Y) Electronegativity Z) Relative abundance
ANSWER: X) VALENCE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
BONUS 23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Of the following choices, which one best describes the way snowflakes form? W) Raindrops freeze X) Water vapor freezes onto ice crystals inside clouds Y) Ice attaches to dust particles in the air Z) Sleet freezes
ANSWER: X) WATER VAPOR FREEZES ONTO ICE CRYSTALS INSIDE CLOUDS
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the approximate salinity of the ocean in parts per thousand? W) 15 X) 25 Y) 35 Z) 45
ANSWER: Y) 35
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Our sun is expected to last for approximately how many more years? W) 50 million X) 500 million Y) 5 billion Z) 50 billion
ANSWER: Y) 5 billion
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy? W) Infrared X) Long UV Y) Gamma rays Z) Short UV
ANSWER: Y) GAMMA RAYS
BONUS 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT an SI unit? W) Meter X) Kilogram Y) Liter Z) Ampere
ANSWER: Y) LITER
TOSS-UP 11) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Rabbits eat grass and foxes eat rabbits. What role do foxes play in the food chain? W) Primary producer X) Primary consumer Y) Secondary consumer Z) Tertiary consumer
ANSWER: Y) SECONDARY CONSUMER
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of Newton's laws tells us that when a force acts upon an object, an equal and opposite force acts on another body? W) First X) Second Y) Third Z) Fourth
ANSWER: Y) THIRD
TOSS-UP 15) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following geologic periods is the most recent? W) Permian X) Silurian Y) Devonian Z) Jurassic
ANSWER: Z) JURASSIC
TOSS-UP 3) MATH Short Answer Simplify completely the fraction
ANSWER:
BONUS 14) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer The intersection between the femur and the hipbone can be described as what kind of joint?
ANSWER: BALL AND SOCKET
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What kind of wetland is characterized by spongy peat deposits, acidic waters, and a floor covered by a thick carpet of sphagnum (read as: SFAHGnuhm) moss?
ANSWER: BOG
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the term for the structural geologic feature in which there is an increased dip in otherwise gently dipping strata?
ANSWER: MONOCLINE
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Recently, deposits of which natural resource were found in the Marcellus shale of the Appalachian Basin?
ANSWER: NATURAL GAS
TOSS-UP 19) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following correctly describes a triangle with side lengths of 2 inches, 3 inches, and 4 inches? W) Equilateral X) Isosceles Y) Scalene Z) Right
ANSWER: Y) SCALENE
TOSS-UP 3) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following can be equal to positive 4? W) |-3| x |1| (read as: the absolute value of negative 3 times the absolute value of 1) X) 23 (read as: 2 cubed) Y) − 16 (read as: the square root of negative 16) Z) 4 2 (read as: the square root of 4 squared)
ANSWER: Z) 4 2
BONUS 13) MATH Short Answer Assuming all functions are defined, and expressing your answer in simplest form, evaluate (n2 + 7n - 8)/(n - 1) x (n2 - 4)/(n2 + 6n - 16) Read as: open parenthesis n squared plus 7n minus 8 close parenthesis over open parenthesis n minus 1 close parenthesis times the quantity open parenthesis n squared minus 4 close parenthesis over open parenthesis n squared plus 6n minus 16 close parenthesis.
ANSWER: n + 2
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Short Answer What values of p make the following inequality true: - p / 3 < -12 (read as: negative p over 3 is less than negative 12)?
ANSWER: p > 36
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer A rhombus has side lengths of 15 centimeters, a diagonal of 24 centimeters, and another diagonal of 18 centimeters. What is its area in square centimeters?
ANSWER: 216
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following flowers is NOT a monocot? W) Geranium X) Lily Y) Iris Z) Tulip
ANSWER: W) GERANIUM
BONUS 8) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice When larvae emerge from fruit fly eggs, where do they tend to feed? W) Near the surface of the fermenting fruit X) Deep within the fermenting fruit Y) In the non-fermenting portion of the fruit next to the overripe portion Z) In the seed
ANSWER: W) NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE FERMENTING FRUIT
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel? W) Oil X) Hydrogen gas Y) Natural gas Z) Coal
ANSWER: X) HYDROGEN GAS
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following minerals is the softest? W) Quartz X) Diamond Y) Talc Z) Iron
ANSWER: Y) TALC
BONUS 1) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer By name or number, which of the following information can be detected with an electron microscope: 1) topography, 2) morphology, 3) composition, or 4) crystallographic information?
ANSWER: TOPOGRAPHY, MORPHOLOGY, COMPOSITION, OR CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer In which direction does the vector of centripetal (read as: sehn-TRI-peh-tahl) acceleration point in uniform circular motion?
ANSWER: TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE
TOSS-UP 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer There are two circuits with the same voltage applied and one resistor each. Circuit A's resistor has twice the resistance of Circuit B's resistor. How does Circuit B's current compare to Circuit A's?
ANSWER: TWICE (ALSO ACCEPT: DOUBLE)
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What was the first planet discovered with a telescope?
ANSWER: URANUS
TOSS-UP 25) MATH Short Answer Express 4 factorial as a whole number.
ANSWER: 24
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer If an atom of neutral nitrogen has 7 neutrons, what is its weight in atomic mass units?
ANSWER: 14 ATOMIC MASS UNITS
BONUS 21) MATH Short Answer If a 4-inch plant grows at the rate of 1 4 inch per day, in how many days will the plant reach 48 inches?
ANSWER: 176
BONUS 3) MATH Short Answer What is the sum of the measures of all interior angles of a regular hexagon and a regular octagon?
ANSWER: 1800
BONUS 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If a superconductor's temperature rises above its critical point, the superconductor transitions back to a regular conductor with resistance. If this occurred, and a conductor had a resistance of 1 ohm, what voltage would drive 2 amps of current through the conductor?
ANSWER: 2
BONUS 16) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The oxygen released by plants and other autotrophs (read as: AW-toh-trōefs) comes from which compound? W) Carbon dioxide X) Water Y) Hydrogen peroxide Z) Carbon monoxide
ANSWER: X) WATER
BONUS 25) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the oxidation state of copper in copper sulfate?
ANSWER: +2
TOSS-UP 1) MATH Short Answer You are given three oranges. You then double the original number of oranges twice. What is the resulting number of oranges?
ANSWER: 12
TOSS-UP 18) MATH Short Answer What is the largest integer smaller than ?
ANSWER: 12
TOSS-UP 6) MATH Short Answer How many 4 inch square tiles will be needed to cover a rectangular surface 8 inches by 24 inches?
ANSWER: 12
BONUS 23) MATH Short Answer Point D with coordinates (-1, -3) is reflected over the y-axis. The result is then reflected through the line y = x. What are the coordinates of the first image of the point D?
ANSWER: (-3, 1)
TOSS-UP 9) MATH Short Answer What is 4(z + 3) - 2 (read as: 4 times the quantity z plus 3) when z = 6?
ANSWER: 34
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Glucose is the main source of energy for most animals. What form of energy is glucose?
ANSWER: CHEMICAL (ACCEPT: FOOD)
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the insoluble siliceous nodules that can form within limestone.
ANSWER: CHERT
BONUS 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What ion has 17 protons and 18 electrons?
ANSWER: CHLORIDE (ACCEPT: CL-)
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name by words or numbers all of the following four organelles found in plant cells that may have arisen as a result of a symbiotic relationship with prokaryotes (read as: prōe-KAHR-ee- ōets): 1) chloroplast, 2) endoplasmic reticulum (read as: ri-TI-kyuh-luhm), 3) ribosome (read as: RY-boh-sōem), or 4) mitochondria (read as: my-tohKOHN-dree-ah)?
ANSWER: CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIA (ACCEPT: 1, 4)
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which phylum of animals possesses a dorsal nerve cord?
ANSWER: CHORDATA
BONUS 10) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the general term for the alteration of land to desert-like conditions as the result of human activities?
ANSWER: DESERTIFICATION
TOSS-UP 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is a tool used to identify organisms that consists of a series of paired statements or questions that describes alternative possible characteristics of the organism and the presence or absence of certain visible structures or characteristics?
ANSWER: DICHOTOMOUS KEY
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the term for a chemical species having two ionizable hydrogen atoms?
ANSWER: DIPROTIC
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer To calculate the escape velocity for an object when it is much smaller than the larger body, name all of the of the following that can be neglected: 1) drag force, 2) atmospheric pressure, and/or 3) relative angle at which the smaller object travels?
ANSWER: DRAG FORCE, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AND RELATIVE ANGLE AT WHICH
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name the two living monotremes.
ANSWER: DUCKBILLED PLATYPUS AND ECHIDNA
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Of what kingdom are yeast members?
ANSWER: FUNGI
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In which kingdom could you find an eukaryotic (read as: yuhKEHR-ee-ōetik) heterotroph with cell walls?
ANSWER: FUNGI OR PROTISTA
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What are the three states of matter that are fluids?
ANSWER: GASES, LIQUIDS, AND PLASMA
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What are the basic units of heredity?
ANSWER: GENES (ACCEPT: DNA)
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which element derives its symbol from the Latin word Aurum?
ANSWER: GOLD
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for a narrow, cylindrical container that is scaled and used in a laboratory to measure exact amounts of a liquid, which is then poured out of the top?
ANSWER: GRADUATED CYLINDER
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Pikes Peak in the Rockies, Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills, Stone Mountain in Georgia, and Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada are all areas where large quantities of what kind of rock are exposed at the surface?
ANSWER: GRANITE
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the force that determines the shape of planets, stars, and the Solar System?
ANSWER: GRAVITY
BONUS 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer You are standing on a scale in an elevator that is accelerating upwards as it goes from the basement to the roof. How does the reading of the scale compare with that obtained when the elevator was standing still?
ANSWER: GREATER (ACCEPT: HIGHER, LARGER)
BONUS 8) Physical SCIENCE Short Answer According to the laws of entropy, all useful forms of energy are converted into what form of energy?
ANSWER: HEAT
BONUS 6) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the protein that transports oxygen to cells via the circulatory system.
ANSWER: HEMOGLOBIN
TOSS-UP 23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Although snowflakes can have many forms, generally, snow crystals have what basic shape?
ANSWER: HEXAGONAL (ALSO ACCEPT: SIX-SIDED)
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of our current geologic epoch?
ANSWER: HOLOCENE
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most abundant element in the universe?
ANSWER: HYDROGEN
BONUS 5) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the smallest non-divisible unit of a covalent compound?
ANSWER: MOLECULE
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In addition to bioluminescent marine and insect life, there are also over 70 known bioluminescent species of this kind of organism, which, like insects, uses chitin as a structural carbohydrate.
ANSWER: MUSHROOM (ACCEPT: FUNGUS, FUNGI)
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of the tide that has the lowest high tide and highest low tide?
ANSWER: NEAP TIDE
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the Gibbs energy sign in aerobic cellular respiration during the Krebs cycle?
ANSWER: NEGATIVE
TOSS-UP 6) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Sometimes brightly-colored signs advertising objects or places use a noble gas. Which noble gas is most commonly used to make these signs?
ANSWER: NEON
BONUS 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the SI unit of force?
ANSWER: NEWTON
TOSS-UP 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following could be used to neutralize an acid spill? W) Hydrogen sulfide X) Calcium oxide Y) Water Z) Bromine
ANSWER: X) CALCIUM OXIDE
TOSS-UP 1) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following choices is an example of a continuous variation? W) Family size X) Height Y) Pierced ears Z) Gender
ANSWER: X) HEIGHT
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes what kinds of rocks are formed because of plate tectonics? W) Volcanic rocks only X) Igneous (read as: IG-nee-ehs), metamorphic, and sedimentary Y) Sandstones and marble Z) Coal and fossil fuels
ANSWER: X) IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC, AND SEDIMENTARY
TOSS-UP 16) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT necessarily a regular polygon? W) Square X) Isosceles triangle Y) Octagon with all internal angles of 135° Z) Hexagon with all internal angles of 120°
ANSWER: X) ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT considered connective tissue? W) Cartilage X) Muscle Y) Blood Z) Ligaments
ANSWER: X) MUSCLE
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the SI (read as: S-eye) unit prefix that represents the largest power of 10? W) Giga X) Mega Y) Peta Z) Tera
ANSWER: Y) PETA
BONUS 6) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice When the Earth's interior finally cools, which of the following will stop? W) Water cycle X) Weathering and erosion Y) Plate tectonics Z) Solar energy reaching Earth
ANSWER: Y) PLATE TECTONICS
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following does not belong to the alkaline earth metal group? W) Magnesium X) Calcium Y) Potassium Z) Barium
ANSWER: Y) POTASSIUM
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A yellow ball has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters. What is the density of the yellow ball in grams per cubic centimeter?
ANSWER: 2.5
TOSS-UP 18) MATH Short Answer Simplify 8/52 to a fraction in simplest terms.
ANSWER: 2/13
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Short Answer What fraction represents the repeating decimal 0 .2 (read as: 0 point repeated 2)?
ANSWER: 2/9
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The three components required for an oil reservoir to form are a source rock, a porous and permeable reservoir rock, and:
ANSWER: A CAP ROCK (ACCEPT: SEAL, TRAP)
BONUS 4) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which type of wave interference will give you a flat line?
ANSWER: DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
BONUS 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What disease was the first vaccination intended to prevent?
ANSWER: SMALLPOX
BONUS 2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What type of muscle is the intestine?
ANSWER: SMOOTH
TOSS-UP 18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the chemical name for the compound NaCl?
ANSWER: SODIUM CHLORIDE
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer In what state of matter are convection currents unable to transfer heat?
ANSWER: SOLID
TOSS-UP 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer At room temperature, what is the state of matter of most elements?
ANSWER: SOLID
BONUS 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What geological feature is responsible for the dark spots on the moon?
ANSWER: SOLID POOLS OF LAVA (ACCEPT: BASALTIC LAVA)
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer For solid and liquid solutes, changes in pressure have practically no effect on solubility. For gaseous solutes, what happens to solubility with an increase in pressure?
ANSWER: SOLUBILITY INCREASES
TOSS-UP 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What do we call the injection of a weakened form of a pathogen, or a similar but less dangerous pathogen, to produce immunity?
ANSWER: VACCINATION
TOSS-UP 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer According to Charles's law, which property of a gas increases as its temperature increases?
ANSWER: VOLUME
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Without a greenhouse effect, what would be Earth's approximate average temperature in degrees Celsius? W) -18 X) -8 Y) 8 Z) 18
ANSWER: W) -18
BONUS 18) MATH Short Answer What is the equation of the axis of symmetry for the parabola: y = 2x2 - 3x - 5?
ANSWER: x = 3/4 OR x = 0.75
TOSS-UP 18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A box weighing 20 newtons is moving at a constant speed along a flat surface. It is being pushed with a force of 10 newtons. What is the coefficient of friction?
ANSWER: 0.5
BONUS 13) MATH Short Answer Give an algebraic equation to express the following situation: A certain tree is 6 feet tall at the very beginning of spring, and grows 2 inches per day during the spring and summer. Use n to represent the number of days, and h for the tree's total height in feet.
ANSWER:
BONUS 16) MATH Short Answer In right triangle ABC, angle A = 60°, angle C = 90°, and side AB = 10 centimeters. What is the length of side BC in centimeters?
ANSWER:
BONUS 16) MATH Short Answer What is the multiplicative inverse, in simplest form, of 43 times 25?
ANSWER:
BONUS 18) MATH Short Answer What is the multiplicative inverse of the rational number halfway between -1/3 and -1/4?
ANSWER:
TOSS-UP 8) MATH Short Answer Simplify y2 y -3 (read as y squared times y to the power of negative 3).
ANSWER:
BONUS 25) MATH Short Answer Maria and Jonathon were selling shirts at a flea market for $13 per shirt. However, they had the ability to bargain with purchasers down to a minimum price of $10. At the end of the day, they had sold 2 shirts for $10, 3 shirts for $12, 2 shirts for $12.50, and 5 shirts for $13. To the nearest cent, what was their mean price?
ANSWER: $12.17
BONUS 12) MATH Short Answer Ira puts 20% of his paycheck in savings. If his check is $60 per week, how much money will he save in four weeks?
ANSWER: $48
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer Stating your answer as an improper fraction in simplest form, if 17s + 8 is 9 more than 6s - 14, then what is the value of s?
ANSWER: -13/11
BONUS 11) MATH Short Answer At the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, underwater robots dove down in the water 5000 feet. If the robot dove down another 3000 feet, then rose up 6500 feet, where would the robot be in relation to sea level?
ANSWER: -1500 (ACCEPT: 1500 BELOW SEA LEVEL)
BONUS 23) MATH Short Answer Put these values in order from least to greatest: 0.99, 1.25, 14/15, 0.0099, -17.
ANSWER: -17, 0.0099, 14/15, 0.99, 1.25
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Short Answer What is the additive inverse of 3?
ANSWER: -3
TOSS-UP 6) MATH Short Answer What inequality would be represented by a number line with an open circle at -3, a closed circle at 10, and shading in between?
ANSWER: -3 < x ≤ 10 (NOTE: ANY VARIABLE IS FINE. x COULD BE REPLACED WITH ANY
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Two planets of the same mass are orbiting around the same star. Planet A is three times as far away from the star as Planet B. How does the star's gravitational force on Planet A compare to the gravitational force on Planet B?
ANSWER: 1/9 (DO NOT ACCEPT: 9 TIMES LESS)
BONUS 21) MATH Short Answer A right circular cone has a 6-inch radius, a slant height of 10 inches and a perpendicular height of 8 inches. If we remove the base and then cut the cone along the slant height and open it out flat, what is the radius in inches of the formed sector?
ANSWER: 10
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer A 25 watt lamp has a resistance of 4 ohms. What is the voltage applied across the lamp?
ANSWER: 10
BONUS 9) MATH Short Answer A pyramid is 14 meters tall and has a square base that is approximately 15 meters on a side. What is its volume in cubic meters?
ANSWER: 1050
TOSS-UP 3) MATH Short Answer What is the measure in degrees of an interior angle of a regular pentagon?
ANSWER: 108
TOSS-UP 9) MATH Short Answer Convert 50 degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius.
ANSWER: 10o CELSIUS
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Short Answer Evaluate (8 × 5 × 3 + 1) (read as: the square root of open parenthesis 8 times 5 times 3 plus 1 close parenthesis).
ANSWER: 11
TOSS-UP 13) MATH Short Answer What is the sum of all positive integer factors of 6?
ANSWER: 12
TOSS-UP 21) MATH Short Answer What is the area in square inches of an isosceles triangle with legs of 5 inches and a base of 6 inches?
ANSWER: 12
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Short Answer Evaluate: |4 - (-8)| (read as: open absolute value, 4 minus negative 8, close absolute value).
ANSWER: 12
BONUS 24) MATH Short Answer What is the radius in units of a cone with a volume of 384π cubic units and a height of 8 units?
ANSWER: 12
BONUS 20) MATH Short Answer What is the fifth positive integer multiple of 252?
ANSWER: 1260
TOSS-UP 4) MATH Short Answer Rounding your answer to the nearest whole number, what is 732.15 + 641.43?
ANSWER: 1374
BONUS 8) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer How many phalanges do most people have in their left foot?
ANSWER: 14
TOSS-UP 24) MATH Short Answer The dimensions of a rectangular prism are 12 centimeters by 12 centimeters by 10 centimeters. What is its volume in cubic centimeters?
ANSWER: 1440
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer A circle circumscribes a regular hexagon with side lengths of 8 centimeters. In terms of pi, what is the circumference of the circle?
ANSWER: 16π
BONUS 10) MATH Short Answer Giving your answer as a fraction in simplest form, what is the difference between 13/15 and 19/21?
ANSWER: -4/105
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Short Answer What is the degree of the polynomial function f(x) = 7 (read as: f of x equals 7)?
ANSWER: 0
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many hours of daylight does the South Pole receive on June 21?
ANSWER: 0
TOSS-UP 8) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In a symbiotic relationship, what is the minimum number of organisms that benefits from the relationship?
ANSWER: 0
BONUS 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the approximate range of the pH scale?
ANSWER: 0 TO 14
TOSS-UP 18) MATH Short Answer A doctor orders 15 milligrams of a certain drug. The drug is only available as 60 milligrams per cubic centimeter. How many ccs should the nurse administer?
ANSWER: 0.25 (ACCEPT: 1/4)
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the acceleration, in meters per second squared, of a 20 kilogram object that is being pushed with an unbalanced force of 10 newtons?
ANSWER: 0.5
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Short Answer Right triangle DEF has a hypotenuse with a length of the square root of 90. One leg's length is 9. What is the length of the other leg?
ANSWER: 3
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many carbon atoms are in a molecule of propanol?
ANSWER: 3
TOSS-UP 14) MATH Short Answer 4 What is !34 (read as: the fourth root of 3 to the fourth)?
ANSWER: 3 (DO NOT ACCEPT: - 3)
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Short Answer Two boys and three girls are in a small group. Expressing your answer as a fraction in lowest terms, if a student is chosen at random, what is the probability that a girl is chosen?
ANSWER: 3/5
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer The station KDOE is broadcasting at 1000 kiloHertz. What is its broadcasting wavelength in meters?
ANSWER: 300
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer What is the sum of the numbers 1 through 250?
ANSWER: 31,375
TOSS-UP 1) MATH Short Answer A number is obtained by doubling an original value a total of 5 times. What is the final result if the original number is 1?
ANSWER: 32
BONUS 6) MATH Short Answer Evaluate: |(-7)(-5)| - 2 (read as: the absolute value of the product of negative 7 and negative 5 minus 2).
ANSWER: 33
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer The surface area of the Earth is 510,000,000 square kilometers. If 30% of the Earth's surface is land mass, how many square kilometers are covered in water?
ANSWER: 357,000,000
BONUS 16) MATH Short Answer If you double a number, then double that result, and continue that doubling process, how many times must you double a number in order to make the result greater than 10 times the original number?
ANSWER: 4
BONUS 4) MATH Short Answer Round 63,159.456 to the hundreds' (read as: hun-DREDS) place.
ANSWER: 63,200
BONUS 3) MATH Short Answer A triangle has an area of 9y2 - 9y -10. The base of the triangle is 3y - 5. In terms of y, what is the height of the triangle?
ANSWER: 6y + 4
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What pH is considered neutral?
ANSWER: 7
BONUS 18) MATH Short Answer What is the cube root of 343?
ANSWER: 7
TOSS-UP 24) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer If an atom of neutral nitrogen has 7 protons, how many electrons will it have?
ANSWER: 7
TOSS-UP 8) MATH Short Answer What is the largest prime number less than 9?
ANSWER: 7
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer What is the sum of the multiplicative inverse of 2 and the multiplicative inverse of 5 as a fraction in simplest form?
ANSWER: 7/10
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In a cross of two mice that are heterozygous (read as: heteh-roe-ZI-gus) for coat color with brown the dominant allele, what proportion of their offspring would you expect to be brown?
ANSWER: 75%
BONUS 9) MATH Short Answer What would the outer perimeter be in inches of a picture frame that is two inches wider all the way around a picture that measures 12 inches by 18 inches?
ANSWER: 76
BONUS 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer In millimeters of mercury, what is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?
ANSWER: 760
BONUS 25) MATH Short Answer Expressing your answer in terms of pi, simplify 4x³ - 6(x² + 2) - 3 + 3x(x²) + 6 - 8 (read as: 4 x cubed minus 6, open parenthesis, x squared plus 2, close parenthesis, minus 3 pi plus 3x times x squared plus 6 pi minus 8).
ANSWER: 7x³ - 6x² - 20 + 3 (ACCEPT: OTHER ORDERS OF TERMS)
BONUS 4) MATH Short Answer What is the length, in inches to the nearest whole number, of the arc corresponding to a sector with angle 45 degrees and radius 10 inches?
ANSWER: 8
BONUS 6) MATH Short Answer How many triangular pieces with side lengths of 3 inches, 4 inches, and 5 inches can be cut from a rectangular sheet measuring 8 inches by 6 inches?
ANSWER: 8
TOSS-UP 16) MATH Short Answer Solve for a: a -‐ 2 2 9 3 = (read as: the quantity a minus two over 9 equals two thirds)
ANSWER: 8
BONUS 13) MATH Short Answer Rectangle A has a length of 53 inches and a height of 28 inches. If rectangle B is similar to A such that the scale factor of B to A is 5 to 1, what is the perimeter of rectangle B in inches?
ANSWER: 810
BONUS 21) MATH Short Answer ABC is a 3-4-5 triangle. If a similar triangle, DEF, has a perimeter of 144, find the area of DEF in square units.
ANSWER: 864
BONUS 20) MATH Short Answer A rectangular landscape box has a base measuring 2 feet by 6 feet, with a height of one foot. If 9 cubic feet of potting soil are placed in the box and evenly spread with a consistent depth, what will be the height in inches of the soil?
ANSWER: 9
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer What is 909,888,000,000 written in scientific notation with three significant digits?
ANSWER: 9.10
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Short Answer The Sun is approximately 93 million miles from the Earth. What is this distance written in scientific notation?
ANSWER: 9.3 x
BONUS 18) MATH Short Answer Express (1/5 + 3.4) 2 (read as: open parenthesis one fifth plus 3.4 close parenthesis divided by two) as a fraction in lowest terms.
ANSWER: 9/5
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Providing your answer to the nearest integer, what is the force in newtons required to horizontally accelerate a 20 pound object on a frictionless surface to 10 meters per second squared?
ANSWER: 91
BONUS 20) MATH Short Answer The area of a rectangle is 24 square centimeters. If you double both the length and width, what is the new area in square centimeters?
ANSWER: 96
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer The circumference of a circle is 6π. What is its area in terms of π?
ANSWER: 9π
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer One of the first steps in the scientific method is hypothesis formulation. What is the hypothesis?
ANSWER: A PREDICTION OF THE OUTCOME (ACCEPT: EDUCATED GUESS)
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What are pinocytosis (read as: py-noh-si-TŌE-sis), phagocytosis (read as: fah-goh-sy-TŌE-sis), and exocytosis (read as: ehk-sōe -sy-TŌE-sis ) types of?
ANSWER: ACTIVE TRANSPORT
BONUS 6) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the 4 nucleic acids found in DNA.
ANSWER: ADENINE, GUANINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE
BONUS 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which property of water refers to its ability to stick to other substances?
ANSWER: ADHESION
TOSS-UP 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What prevents objects in free fall on Earth from continuously accelerating?
ANSWER: AIR RESISTANCE (ACCEPT: ATMOSPHERE)
BONUS 8) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The Appalachian Mountains stretch from Newfoundland in the north to which two states in the south?
ANSWER: ALABAMA AND GEORGIA
TOSS-UP 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What term is used to describe various forms of an element which can vary in structural properties while maintaining the same number of neutrons?
ANSWER: ALLOTROPE
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer By name or number, identify which of the following organisms demonstrate a catadromous life cycle: 1) sockeye salmon; 2) coho salmon; 3) American eel; and/or 4) peacock flounder.
ANSWER: AMERICAN EEL (ACCEPT: 3)
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Most enzymes are polymers of which kind of molecules?
ANSWER: AMINO ACIDS (DO NOT ACCEPT: PROTEINS)
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common term for the height of the peak of a wave above its average value?
ANSWER: AMPLITUDE
TOSS-UP 20) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the vertical distance from the undisturbed position of the medium to the top of a crest of a wave called?
ANSWER: AMPLITUDE
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name the enzyme present in saliva that is responsible for breaking down starches into sugars.
ANSWER: AMYLASE (ALSO ACCEPT: PTYALIN)
BONUS 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer According to the Lewis definition of an acid, what can a Lewis acid accept from a Lewis base?
ANSWER: AN ELECTRON PAIR (ACCEPT: ELECTRONS)
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the adjective for a fish that is born in fresh water, swims to salt water, and returns to fresh water to spawn?
ANSWER: ANADROMOUS
BONUS 21) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer The similarities between the wings of a bat and the wings of a dragonfly can be described, in evolutionary terms, as what type of structures?
ANSWER: ANALOGOUS
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer The dinosaur known as a Brontosaurus since 1879 is correctly referred to by what name?
ANSWER: APATOSAURUS
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Rank the seven continents in order from largest to smallest area.
ANSWER: ASIA, AFRICA, NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, ANTARCTICA, EUROPE,
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What does a barometer measure?
ANSWER: ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
TOSS-UP 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name the environmental phenomenon most closely associated with air movement and measured using millimeters of mercury.
ANSWER: ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (ACCEPT: AIR PRESSURE, BAROMETRIC
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer At incredibly low temperatures near 0 Kelvin, atoms coalesce into what substance?
ANSWER: BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer When fresh water streams meet the salty ocean, water of intermediate salinity forms. What term is used to describe this type of water?
ANSWER: BRACKISH
BONUS 18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the chemical name for the compound Cd(MnO4)2?
ANSWER: CADMIUM PERMANGANATE
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Limestone is largely composed of which two minerals?
ANSWER: CALCITE AND ARAGONITE
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Deposition of primarily which compound leads to the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves?
ANSWER: CALCIUM CARBONATE
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What force allows the xylem to transport water against gravity?
ANSWER: CAPILLARY ACTION
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What element is considered the main building block of life on Earth?
ANSWER: CARBON
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What atmospheric trace gas is a product of aerobic respiration?
ANSWER: CARBON DIOXIDE
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Dry ice is the solid form of what compound?
ANSWER: CARBON DIOXIDE
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What acid is formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved into water?
ANSWER: CARBONIC ACID
TOSS-UP 2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What are animals that eat other animals known as?
ANSWER: CARNIVORES (ACCEPT: PREDATORS)
TOSS-UP 15) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer List these terms in order of magnitude from smallest to largest: organ, tissue, cell, and organ systems.
ANSWER: CELL, TISSUE, ORGAN, AND ORGAN SYSTEM
BONUS 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the current geologic era.
ANSWER: CENOZOIC
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer When an organism becomes too large for muscular contractions and diffusion to effectively move nutrients throughout the body, what system is needed to transport the nutrients?
ANSWER: CIRCULATORY (DO NOT ACCEPT: DIGESTIVE)
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name used for a diagram that focuses on novel characteristics of evolutionary significance as a method to illustrate relationships between organisms?
ANSWER: CLADOGRAM
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What mineral characteristic is defined as a mineral's ability to break along preexisting planes of weakness?
ANSWER: CLEAVAGE
TOSS-UP 8) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer In the Appalachian Mountains, canaries were historically used to assess air quality while people extracted a commonly found energyproducing mineral resource. Name this resource.
ANSWER: COAL (ACCEPT: ANTHRACITE OR BITUMINOUS COAL)
BONUS 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Powerful magnets are usually alloys of platinum or neodymium and what other metal?
ANSWER: COBALT
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The salinity of the ocean is rarely measured directly. What characteristic of the water is measured as a proxy for salinity?
ANSWER: CONDUCTIVITY
BONUS 23) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer By name or number, indicate which one or ones of the following biomes that animals with thick fur and large amounts of fat storage would most likely live in: 1) coniferous forest, 2) savannah, 3) rainforest, 4) tundra, and/or 5) temperate forest.
ANSWER: CONIFEROUS FOREST AND TUNDRA (ACCEPT: 1 AND 4)
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Two stones are dropped in a pond and the ripples interfere with each other to create a bigger ripple than each of the original ripples. What is this type of interference called?
ANSWER: CONSTRUCTIVE
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What type of boundary is described as two lithospheric plates moving toward one another and colliding?
ANSWER: CONVERGENT
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere called?
ANSWER: CORONA
TOSS-UP 13) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The Mohorovičić (read as: mōe-HOH-rōe-vitsik) discontinuity, commonly referred to as the Moho discontinuity, defines a contrast in seismic velocity that is widely accepted to be the boundary between the mantle and what layer?
ANSWER: CRUST
BONUS 25) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Who is credited with creating the first vaccine?
ANSWER: EDWARD JENNER
TOSS-UP 25) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of which charged subatomic particles?
ANSWER: ELECTRONS
BONUS 11) MATH Short Answer What is the shape of + = 1?
ANSWER: ELLIPSE
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the shape of the orbits of the planets around the Sun in our Solar System?
ANSWER: ELLIPSE (ALSO ACCEPT ELLIPTICAL)
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the term for the process of removal of inorganic and organic substances from the "A" soil horizon by leaching?
ANSWER: ELUVIATION
TOSS-UP 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What type of reaction absorbs energy?
ANSWER: ENDOTHERMIC
TOSS-UP 5) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Where on Earth would sunrise and sunset occur at approximately the same times all year round?
ANSWER: EQUATOR
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the two times of year when the nighttime and daylight portions of a day are of approximately equal lengths?
ANSWER: EQUINOX
BONUS 8) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer In some regions of the U.S., sinkholes form in the bedrock when rocks are naturally dissolved by circulating ground water. Name a rock type which can dissolve, collapsing to form spaces and caverns deep underground.
ANSWER: EVAPORITE OR CARBONATE
TOSS-UP 2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What process can be described as "descent with modification", suggesting that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor that gave rise to the fantastic diversity we see today?
ANSWER: EVOLUTION
TOSS-UP 18) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Which of the following well types is used to determine whether oil or gas is present: exploration, confirmation, or development?
ANSWER: EXPLORATION
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of a fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth that allows large masses of rocks to move relative to each other?
ANSWER: FAULT (ACCEPT FAULT LINE, FAULT ZONE)
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer By name or number, identify the following materials which are NOT associated with the ceramics industry: 1) brick, 2) uranium oxide, 3) porcelain, or 4) foam?
ANSWER: FOAM (ACCEPT: 4)
TOSS-UP 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of the preserved remains, traces, or evidence of organisms that were formerly alive, often found in rocks and other geologic deposits?
ANSWER: FOSSIL
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Thousands of rivers drain the continental United States. These rivers primarily drain into which three bodies of water?
ANSWER: GULF OF MEXICO, ATLANTIC OCEAN (ACCEPT: GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE),
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Which of the following is not a form of metamorphic rock: slate, marble, gypsum, or gneiss (read as: NYS)?
ANSWER: GYPSUM
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer The elements chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and bromine are all members of what group of elements?
ANSWER: HALOGENS (ACCEPT: GROUP 17)
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Using two vertically-aligned pulleys to move a load will double the amount of rope you must pull to move the load a given distance, but what will it do to the amount of force you must exert?
ANSWER: HALVE IT
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer A brown mouse and a white mouse mate and have a litter of babies which are all brown. Assuming the trait is controlled by a simple dominant/recessive gene; use the appropriate scientific names to describe the genotypes for the coat color in each of the parents.
ANSWER: HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT AND HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
TOSS-UP 2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the spongy, glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin?
ANSWER: PANCREAS
TOSS-UP 3) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer By words or numbers, name all of the following that are organs in the human digestive system: 1) pancreas, 2) jejunum (read as: ji-JUH-nuhm), 3) duodenum (read as: duh-oh-DEE-nuhm), and/or 4) bladder.
ANSWER: PANCREAS, JEJUNUM, AND DUODENUM (ACCEPT: 1, 2, 3)
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid or comet where it is nearest to the Sun?
ANSWER: PERIHELION
BONUS 25) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name given to ground that is continuously frozen for at least two years?
ANSWER: PERMAFROST
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the two moons which orbit Mars.
ANSWER: PHOBOS AND DEIMOS
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What inorganic nutrient, often found in detergent, is implicated in algal blooms?
ANSWER: PHOSPHORUS (ACCEPT: PHOSPHATES)
TOSS-UP 1) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What process do autotrophs (read as: AW-toh-trōefs) use to make their own food from sunlight?
ANSWER: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TOSS-UP 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Melting an ice cube and boiling water are examples of what type of change that does not produce a new substance?
ANSWER: PHYSICAL (ACCEPT: PHASE)
TOSS-UP 8) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer By name or number, identify all of the following which can represent either sexual or asexual reproduction: 1) plant seed generation, 2) bacteria binary fission, 3) fungi sporulation, and/or 4) yeast budding.
ANSWER: PLANT SEED GENERATION AND FUNGI SPORULATION (ACCEPT: 1 AND 3)
TOSS-UP 25) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What state of matter is responsible for the production of light in fluorescent and neon lights?
ANSWER: PLASMA (ACCEPT: IONIZED GAS) (DO NOT ACCEPT: GAS)
TOSS-UP 25) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the common name for synthetic or semisynthetic organic materials produced by polymerization, that easily form into different shapes when heat and pressure are applied?
ANSWER: PLASTICS
TOSS-UP 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name the rigid segments into which the Earth's crust is divided.
ANSWER: PLATES (ACCEPT: TECTONIC PLATES)
BONUS 10) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What type of igneous rock forms underground, cools slowly, and can be identified by its large grain sizes and phaneritic texture?
ANSWER: PLUTONIC
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer While brushing your hair, you scrape electrons from your hair. This results in what type of charge for your hair?
ANSWER: POSITIVE CHARGE
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Not counting the Sun itself, what is the name of the closest star to the Sun?
ANSWER: PROXIMA CENTAURI
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Rocks vary greatly in density. Which wellknown rock is less dense than water?
ANSWER: PUMICE
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Which of the following five minerals is the most abundant in Earth's continental crust: quartz, mica, talc, calcite, or iron?
ANSWER: QUARTZ
BONUS 15) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What type of symmetry is associated with adult echinoderms (read as: i-KY-neh-dehrms)?
ANSWER: RADIAL SYMMETRY (ACCEPT 5-FOLD OR PENTARADIAL SYMMETRY,
TOSS-UP 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the process by which heat spreads through a free vacuum?
ANSWER: RADIATION
BONUS 5) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The Dragon Storm on Saturn emitted radiation similar to that generated by lightning on Earth. In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum are these emissions found?
ANSWER: RADIO
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Arrange the following types of radiation in order from lowest to highest frequency: visible light, ultraviolet radiation, radio waves, and infrared radiation.
ANSWER: RADIO WAVES, INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT, ULTRAVIOLET
BONUS 3) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name the body system to which the trachea belongs.
ANSWER: RESPIRATORY
TOSS-UP 10) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of a gigantic wave caused by an underwater earthquake?
ANSWER: TSUNAMI (DO NOT ACCEPT: TIDAL WAVE)
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Although a number of environmental factors help shape land features, identify the one factor that typically produces valleys with a U-shape.
ANSWER: VALLEY GLACIERS (ACCEPT: GLACIERS, ICE SHEETS, ICE, GLACIATIONS)
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the vector quantity defined as the rate of change of position?
ANSWER: VELOCITY
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Spiders such as black widows, brown recluses, mouse spiders, and trapdoor spiders are not actually poisonous, because the term poisonous refers to substances that are harmful if ingested. These spiders, on the other hand, have dangerous bites. Therefore, what term would more accurately describe them?
ANSWER: VENOMOUS
TOSS-UP 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the term used for a liquid's resistance to changing form?
ANSWER: VISCOSITY
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What geologic feature gives the Ring of Fire its name?
ANSWER: VOLCANOES
BONUS 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The Earth's crust accounts for about what percentage of the Earth's volume? W) 1% X) 5% Y) 10% Z) 15%
ANSWER: W) 1%
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Approximately what percent of Earth's water is in the form of ice? W) 1.6 % X) 6.6 % Y) 11.6 % Z) 16.6 %
ANSWER: W) 1.6 %
BONUS 20) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Sea ice is formed by frozen seawater, which contains salt. At what temperature, in Celsius, will sea ice freeze? W) -11.20 X) -1.8 Y) 0 Z) +0.001
ANSWER: X) -1.8
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following integers is closest to the product of 0.00009 (read as: zero point zero zero zero zero nine) and 1.00001 (read as: one point zero zero zero zero one) W) -1 X) 0 Y) 1 Z) 9
ANSWER: X) 0
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer About what percentage of worldwide rainfall occurs in the tropics? W) 14% X) 45% Y) 66% Z) 85%
ANSWER: Y) 66%
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following organisms is considered to be a crustacean? W) Jellyfish X) Diatom Y) Copepod Z) Foraminifera
ANSWER: Y) COPEPOD
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Brass is an alloy of which two metals? W) Copper and gold X) Copper and aluminum Y) Copper and zinc Z) Copper and tin
ANSWER: Y) COPPER AND ZINC
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Along with tectonic forces, weathering and erosion, which of the following process also helped to shape landforms on Earth today? W) Condensation X) Upwelling Y) Deposition Z) Transpiration
ANSWER: Y) DEPOSITION
BONUS 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Thermodynamics tells us that we cannot reduce entropy in a closed system; it will always increase. Of what does entropy serve as a measure? W) System size X) Temperature Y) Disorder Z) Flux
ANSWER: Y) DISORDER
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following processes is not part of the water cycle? W) Transpiration X) Precipitation Y) Distillation Z) Evaporation
ANSWER: Y) DISTILLATION
BONUS 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements has the highest boiling point? W) Copper X) Magnesium Y) Zinc Z) Gold
ANSWER: Z) GOLD
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following oceanic currents prevents the climate of Northern Europe from being much colder? W) Circumpolar Current X) Kuroshio Current Y) North Pacific Current Z) Gulf Stream
ANSWER: Z) GULF STREAM
TOSS-UP 3) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Homo sapiens is the scientific name for which of the following? W) Neanderthals (read as: nee-ANH-dehr-thohls) X) Dolphins Y) Monkeys Z) Humans
ANSWER: Z) HUMANS
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Amy is pulling a heavy cart. It is harder to start pulling the cart than to keep the cart in motion, because kinetic friction: W) Has decreased X) Is zero once the cart is moving Y) Is only present when the cart is first pulled Z) Is less than static friction
ANSWER: Z) IS LESS THAN STATIC FRICTION
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about the Moon? W) It crosses our sky along the same path every night X) It always rises in the west Y) It changes size in our sky as it passes from horizon to zenith to the other horizon Z) It gives off no light of its own
ANSWER: Z) IT GIVES OFF NO LIGHT OF ITS OWN
BONUS 10) MATH Multiple Choice Where is the geometric center of a cube? W) It is at the center of its face X) It is at the vertex of two faces Y) It is at the point of intersection of the diagonals of a face Z) It is at the point of intersection of the cube's diagonals
ANSWER: Z) IT IS AT THE POINT OF INTERSECTION OF THE CUBE'S DIAGONALS
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A new virus is discovered and its genetic code is examined. Which of the following cannot be true concerning its genome? W) It is composed of double-stranded DNA X) It is composed of single-stranded RNA Y) It is composed of single-stranded DNA Z) It is composed of double-stranded proteins
ANSWER: Z) IT IS COMPOSED OF DOUBLE-STRANDED PROTEINS
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What happens to the wastewater in a septic tank? W) It is removed weekly by solid waste management companies along with curbside trash pickup X) It is piped into the town's sewer system Y) It stays in the septic tank until it is full and it then pumped out about every 50 years Z) It is released into a pond or leach field where it can either evaporate or join groundwater
ANSWER: Z) IT IS RELEASED INTO A POND OR LEACH FIELD WHERE IT CAN EITHER
BONUS 15) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about air over the north and south poles? W) It evaporates at a much faster rate than air found elsewhere X) It rises, creating a region of high snowfall Y) It freezes and falls to earth as ice, forming the ice sheets Z) It sinks, creating a high pressure system near the surface
ANSWER: Z) IT SINKS, CREATING A HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM NEAR THE SURFACE
BONUS 2) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A person applies for a patent on an engine that is 100% efficient. This application would be rejected because the engine would violate the: W) Law of conservation of momentum X) Law of friction Y) Law of gravity Z) Laws of thermodynamics
ANSWER: Z) LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Sea ice floating on the oceans is the first to melt as the Earth's climate warms. Which of the following most accurately models the impact melting sea ice has on global sea level? W) Like the water level in a basin when you pour a glass of water into it, sea level will rise significantly X) The ocean floor rocks and sediments are porous like sponges. They will absorb the additional water from the ice and sea level will not rise significantly Y) Like a melting ice cube sitting in a glass of water, the water and the melted cube will evaporate and sea level will drop Z) Like ice cubes in a glass of water, the ice has already displaced the water so as the ice melts, sea level will not rise significantly
ANSWER: Z) LIKE ICE CUBES IN A GLASS OF WATER, THE ICE HAS ALREADY
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice There are two groups of planets, terrestrial and Jovian, in our Solar System. Terrestrial planets have which of the following characteristics? W) Few moons, located near the asteroid belt, no solid surfaces, extremely cold X) Located relatively far from the Sun, gaseous, largest planets in the Solar System Y) Rich in rock, relatively very large in size, many moons, extremely high temperature at the surface Z) Located relatively close to the Sun, relatively small in size, iron-rich, solid, few or no moons
ANSWER: Z) LOCATED RELATIVELY CLOSE TO THE SUN, RELATIVELY SMALL IN SIZE,
TOSS-UP 6) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about divergent plate boundaries where the lithosphere is being pushed and pulled apart? W) They only occur along the seafloor X) They are sites of the most explosive volcanism known on earth Y) They are no longer active but there is evidence of volcanism from millions of years ago Z) Magma from the mantle is exposed at the surface and cools to form new lithospheric (read as: li-thoh-SFIR-ik) crust
ANSWER: Z) MAGMA FROM THE MANTLE IS EXPOSED AT THE SURFACE AND COOLS
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is least likely to be impacted by climate change? W) Atmosphere X) Hydrosphere Y) Cryosphere Z) Mantle
ANSWER: Z) MANTLE
BONUS 6) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What characteristic is most likely to identify two organisms as the same species? W) All of their physical characteristics are very similar X) They fill the same role in the ecosystem Y) They are of similar size and shape Z) Mating produces fertile offspring
ANSWER: Z) MATING PRODUCES FERTILE OFFSPRING
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer In kilometers and rounded to the nearest ten million, what is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun?
ANSWER: 150
BONUS 8) MATH Short Answer How many subsets does the set {a, b, c, d} have?
ANSWER: 16
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Short Answer Solve for x in simplest form: x2 = 50.
ANSWER: 5
TOSS-UP 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the only ice sheet that does not affect sea level change?
ANSWER: ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Lake Vostok, thought to be a good analogue for an under-ice ocean environment on Europa, can be found underneath glacial ice on which continent?
ANSWER: ANTARCTICA
TOSS-UP 2) MATH Multiple Choice Express in decimal form: 0.99 - (read as: 99 hun-DREDTHS minus three fourths). W) 0.24 X) 0.75 Y) 0.9825 Z) 0.9975
ANSWER: W) 0.24
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many electrons does a chlorine atom have?
ANSWER: 17
TOSS-UP 11) MATH Short Answer Express
ANSWER: 3
BONUS 13) MATH Short Answer On a coordinate grid, a line segment has endpoints ( -1, 2) and (3, -4). What are the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment?
ANSWER: (1, -1)
TOSS-UP 24) MATH Short Answer What is the center of the hyperbola (read as: the quantity x minus 3 squared over 25 minus the quantity y plus 1 squared over 49 equals 1)?
ANSWER: (3, -1)
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Short Answer What are the x-intercepts for the function f(x) = x² - x - 12?
ANSWER: (4, 0) AND (-3, 0) (ACCEPT: 4 AND -3)
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer Factor completely over the integers: 15y² - y - 6.
ANSWER: (5y + 3) (3y - 2)
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name three types of friction.
ANSWER: (ACCEPT 3) DRY, STATIC, LIMITING, SLIDING, KINETIC, ROLLING, FLUID,
BONUS 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name four of the six kinds of simple machines.
ANSWER: (ACCEPT 4) LEVER, WEDGE, PULLEY, WHEEL & AXLE, INCLINED PLANE,
BONUS 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name two forms of potential energy.
ANSWER: (ACCEPT TWO) CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL, NUCLEAR, GRAVITATIONAL OR
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Contrary to popular belief, there were several inventors who contributed to the development of the light bulb. Name two.
ANSWER: (ACCEPT TWO) DAVY, DE LA RUE, EDISON, SWAN, LATIMER, BRUSH,
BONUS 2) MATH Short Answer Simplify: 0.99 - 0.0099 (read as: 99 hun-DREDTHS minus 99 ten thous-ANDTHS).
ANSWER: 0.9801
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Short Answer What is the integer value that is equal to log 5 + log 2?
ANSWER: 1
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Short Answer What is the first and last number of every row of Pascal's triangle?
ANSWER: 1
TOSS-UP 9) MATH Short Answer List all positive integer factors of 12.
ANSWER: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, AND 12
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer Providing your answer as a decimal to the nearest tenth, evaluate 6x + 3 − 5x (read as: open absolute value, open parenthesis 6x + 3 close parenthesis divided by -5x, close absolute value) for x = 6 .
ANSWER: 1.3
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Is the radius of Mars 1/4, 1/2, 2, or 4 times the size of Earth's radius?
ANSWER: 1/2
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer If Jupiter is approximately 5 times further from the Sun than the Earth, what fraction of the intensity of light does it receive relative to the Earth?
ANSWER: 1/25
TOSS-UP 25) MATH Short Answer How many modes does the following list of seven numbers have: 1, 4, 4, 7, 8, 14, 14?
ANSWER: 2
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If an object in uniform circular motion has a centripetal acceleration of 2 meters per second squared and is moving in a circle with a radius of 2 meters, what is its velocity in meters per second?
ANSWER: 2
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Short Answer Simplify (read as: one third divided by one sixth)
ANSWER: 2
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer How many protons does an atom of helium have?
ANSWER: 2
TOSS-UP 23) MATH Short Answer One half plus a number n equals in simplest form? 39 12 . What is n as a mixed number
ANSWER: 2 ¾
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Giving your answer in amps to the nearest hundredth (read as: hun-DREDTH), how much current flows through a circuit containing a 3.6 ohm resistor and a 9 volt battery?
ANSWER: 2.5
TOSS-UP 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer How many common amino acids are there?
ANSWER: 20
TOSS-UP 11) MATH Short Answer There is a men's basketball team with 5 players. Their weights in pounds are: {165, 200, 220, 238, and 310}. What is the median weight of the players?
ANSWER: 220
BONUS 21) MATH Short Answer A bag of lawn fertilizer covers 2500 square feet. How many bags of fertilizer would you need to share with your neighbor if your lawn was 175 feet by 200 feet and your neighbor's yard was 150 feet by 150 feet?
ANSWER: 23
TOSS-UP 13) MATH Short Answer A certain tree is 6 feet at the very beginning of spring, and grows 2 inches per day during the spring and summer. How many days will it take for the tree's height to reach 10 feet?
ANSWER: 24
BONUS 8) MATH Short Answer How many different ways can four people stand in a line?
ANSWER: 24
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer What is the length of the hypotenuse in a right triangle with legs of length 7 and 24?
ANSWER: 25
BONUS 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Giving your answer to the nearest thousand, how many joules of energy are required to raise the temperature of 2 kilograms of water by 3 degrees Celsius?
ANSWER: 25,000
BONUS 10) MATH Short Answer What is the volume of a rectangular pyramid in cubic meters if the length of the base is 3.5 meters, the width of the base is 4 meters and the height of the pyramid is 6 meters?
ANSWER: 28
BONUS 13) MATH Short Answer Simplify 8 x 23 + 8 x 7 + 8 x 5 (read as: 8 times 23 plus 8 times 7 plus 8 times 5). Express the answer as a natural number.
ANSWER: 280
BONUS 20) MATH Short Answer Sara's mom is recovering the dining room chair seats. The measurement of a seat is 12 inches by 14 inches. What would the area of the fabric be, in square inches, if an extra border of two inches is needed around the square in order to cover the seat?
ANSWER: 288
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer What is the surface area, in terms of π, of a cylinder with a radius of π and height of π?
ANSWER: 4 π 3
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the surface area of a sphere with radius r?
ANSWER: 4 π r2 (read as: 4 pi r squared)
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer As a fraction in simplest form, what is the slope of the line through the points (2, 5) and (7, 9)?
ANSWER: 4/5
TOSS-UP 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer According to its nutrition facts, a candy bar contains 100 calories. Giving your answer to the nearest hundred, what would the equivalent be in joules?
ANSWER: 418,400 (ACCEPT: 418,000)
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Short Answer Which of the following values is greater: 42/45, 2/3, or 8/9?
ANSWER: 42/45
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Short Answer What is the smallest angle, in degrees, formed by the intersection of the lines y = 2 and y = x + 3?
ANSWER: 45
BONUS 1) MATH Short Answer A number is obtained by doubling an original value, then doubling that result, and repeating that doubling process 6 times. If the final value is 320, how large was the original number?
ANSWER: 5
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer In 12 seconds, a car goes from 0 to 60 miles per hour. In miles per hour per second, what is its average rate of acceleration?
ANSWER: 5
BONUS 11) MATH Short Answer The radius of the Earth is approximately 6.4 x 106 meters (read as: 6.4 times 10 to the sixth). Giving your answer in scientific notation with one significant digit, what is the surface area of Earth in square meters?
ANSWER: 5 × 1014
BONUS 15) MATH Short Answer Sam has 2 quarters, 4 dimes, 2 nickels, and 1 penny in his pocket. Expressing your answer as a fraction in lowest terms, if he reaches into his pocket and randomly pulls out a coin, what is the probability that the coin will be a penny or a dime?
ANSWER: 5/9
TOSS-UP 19) MATH Short Answer A bicyclist rode 25,000 meters in 30 minutes. How many kilometers per hour is this?
ANSWER: 50
BONUS 23) MATH Short Answer What is the length of the hypotenuse in a right triangle with legs of length 14 and 48?
ANSWER: 50
TOSS-UP 21) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In most organisms that reproduce sexually, what proportion of genetic material comes from the mother?
ANSWER: 50%
TOSS-UP 12) MATH Short Answer Mike's bill for texting last month was $10. This month it was $15. What was the percentage increase in the bill?
ANSWER: 50%
BONUS 14) MATH Short Answer If n is positive, write the following in standard polynomial form: (5n2 - 500) ÷ (n + 10) (read as: the quantity 5 n squared minus 500 divided by the quantity n plus 10)?
ANSWER: 5n - 50
BONUS 16) MATH Short Answer You are going to meet a friend at a movie theater which is 4 miles from your house. You are riding your bike at an average rate of 10 miles per hour. Your friend lives 1.5 miles from the movie theater and walks at an average rate of 3 miles per hour. How many minutes ahead of you should your friend leave so that you meet at the movie theater at the same time?
ANSWER: 6
TOSS-UP 18) MATH Short Answer What is the degree of the polynomial 7x2y4 + 6x+ 7y + 10 (read as: 7 x squared y to the fourth plus 6 x plus 7 y plus 10)?
ANSWER: 6
TOSS-UP 8) MATH Short Answer Mark has two pairs of gym shorts and three gym shirts. If he wears one of each, how many different outfits are possible?
ANSWER: 6
TOSS-UP 23) MATH Short Answer Triangle CAT (read as: C-A-T) is a triangle with right angle A. Angle T is twice the measure of angle C. What is the measure of angle T in degrees?
ANSWER: 60
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Short Answer In degrees, what is the measure of one interior angle of a regular triangle with a side length of 3?
ANSWER: 60°
BONUS 1) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What gas essential to human life do plants give off when they photosynthesize?
ANSWER: OXYGEN
TOSS-UP 2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer There is a corn field with two varieties of corn, Corn A and Corn B, planted in alternating rows. The tassels are removed from Corn A, ensuring that the only pollen released in the field comes from Corn B. Not considering pollen that could be carried in from outside of the field, how can we characterize the ears of corn that will grow on Corn A?
ANSWER: HYBRID
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What type of bonds are the main intermolecular forces that allow water molecules to undergo cohesion?
ANSWER: HYDROGEN BONDS
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What part of the brain links the endocrine and nervous systems?
ANSWER: HYPOTHALAMUS
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Extrusions from a volcano produce what types of rock?
ANSWER: IGNEOUS
TOSS-UP 16) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Which organ system is responsible for protecting you against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens?
ANSWER: IMMUNE
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Give the name currently used for the heterogeneous group of fungi in which scientists have never observed sexual reproduction.
ANSWER: IMPERFECT FUNGI (ACCEPT: DEUTEROMYCOTA)
TOSS-UP 4) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name given to the superposition of two or more waves resulting in a new wave pattern?
ANSWER: INTERFERENCE
BONUS 13) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The Earth's core is believed to be composed primarily of what element?
ANSWER: IRON
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the heaviest element produced in a main sequence star?
ANSWER: IRON
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer As pressure increases, what happens to the volume of a gas?
ANSWER: IT DECREASES
BONUS 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What does the law of conservation of energy tell us about the total amount of energy in a closed system?
ANSWER: IT DOESN'T CHANGE (ACCEPT: IT IS CONSTANT)
TOSS-UP 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What happens to the freezing point of water as salt is added to it?
ANSWER: IT GOES DOWN
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Consider the following facts: Neptune is greater than 17 times more massive than Earth and orbits the Sun at less than 20% of the speed that Earth travels in its orbit. Also, Neptune is spinning almost 6 times faster than Earth. How does Neptune's day length compare to Earth's?
ANSWER: IT IS SHORTER THAN AN EARTH DAY
TOSS-UP 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer An ice cube is placed in a perfectly insulated box with an air temperature of 60° Fahrenheit and covered. Sometime later, the box is opened and the ice cube has completely melted. How will the air temperature in the box have changed?
ANSWER: IT WILL BE LOWER
TOSS-UP 21) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the process in which eukaryotic (read as: yuh-KEHRee-ōetik) chromosomes are visually inspected, counted and abnormalities are recorded.
ANSWER: KARYOTYPE
TOSS-UP 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the SI unit for temperature?
ANSWER: KELVIN (ACCEPT: K)
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name of the climate phenomena that exhibits conditions opposite to those of an El Niño?
ANSWER: LA NIÑA
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Marble is the metamorphic product of which sedimentary rock?
ANSWER: LIMESTONE (ACCEPT: ANY CARBONATE ROCK, CALCITE, OR DOLOMITE)
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Diamonds are formed when carbon-based material is exposed to high pressures and comparatively low temperatures. Where are these two types of environments found on Earth?
ANSWER: LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE (ACCEPT: BELOW CONTINENTAL PLATES), SITE OF
BONUS 17 LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer There are two main kinds of vaccines. One kind contains an altered virus that produces immunity but does not produce the disease. What is this kind of vaccine called?
ANSWER: LIVE (ACCEPT: ATTENUATED VIRUS)
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for all the molten rock that is hidden underground?
ANSWER: MAGMA
TOSS-UP 8) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the five long, cylindrical bones in the hand that extend from the base of the wrist to the base of each finger.
ANSWER: METACARPAL
BONUS 18) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is primarily responsible for the blue clouds of Neptune?
ANSWER: METHANE
BONUS 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the first amino acid encoded by all eukaryotic (read as: yuh-KEHR-ee-ōetik) mRNAs.
ANSWER: METHIONINE
TOSS-UP 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the general name given to a scientist who studies microorganisms?
ANSWER: MICROBIOLOGIST
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Which structural component of the cell cytoskeleton has alpha and beta subunits and is involved with intracellular transport?
ANSWER: MICROTUBULES
BONUS 18) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Which element is needed by ocean animals to build protein, is found in about half of the dissolved oceanic gases, and is quite harmful to humans who ascend too quickly while diving?
ANSWER: NITROGEN
BONUS 5) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What gas makes up the majority of our atmosphere?
ANSWER: NITROGEN
BONUS 2) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If you shine white light through two linear polarizing filters that have their directions of polarizations perpendicular to one another, what will you observe about the light at the other end?
ANSWER: NO LIGHT (ACCEPT: NOTHING)
TOSS-UP 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If a heavy box is sitting on a table, not moving at all, what force is counteracting the pull of gravity?
ANSWER: NORMAL FORCE
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What structure, responsible for making ribosomes, is found inside the nucleus?
ANSWER: NUCLEOLUS
BONUS 7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What are the two most defining features of a eukaryotic (read as: yuh-KEHR-ee-ōetik) cell?
ANSWER: NUCLEUS (DO NOT ACCEPT: NUCLEOID) AND TRUE MEMBRANE-BOUND
BONUS 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name two allotropes of oxygen.
ANSWER: O2 AND O3 (ACCEPT: DIATOMIC OXYGEN OR DIOXYGEN AND OZONE)
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What type of front forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front?
ANSWER: OCCLUDED FRONT
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The largest volcano on Mars is about 15 miles above the surrounding planes. What is the name of this volcano?
ANSWER: OLYMPUS MONS
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer A large portion of the bottom of the Great Salt Lake is covered by smooth, soft and rounded sand, often used in home aquaria. What kind of sand is it?
ANSWER: OOLITIC (ACCEPT: OOLITE)
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the phenomenon of water moving across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
ANSWER: OSMOSIS
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer By name or number, identify all the places on your body where would you find elastic cartilage: 1) outer ear, 2) epiglottis, 3) nose, or 4) the disks between your vertebrae?
ANSWER: OUTER EAR AND EPIGLOTTIS (ACCEPT: 1 AND 2)
BONUS 25) MATH Short Answer If you have a data set of the following seven values: 1, 2, 547, 550, 560, 580, 540, what is the name given to values such as 1 and 2?
ANSWER: OUTLIERS
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer You have a yellow banana with no spots. You cut it into chunks to put it into a fruit salad, and it starts to turn brown. What process is causing the banana to turn brown?
ANSWER: OXIDATION
BONUS 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Most submarines can only store enough fresh water to last for about 10 days. In order to obtain fresh water, most submarines are equipped with an apparatus that converts sea water into fresh water. What is the name of the process used to convert the sea water?
ANSWER: REVERSE OSMOSIS (ACCEPT: DESALINATION)
BONUS 15) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What are the ecosystems called that are located around rivers and streams, linking water to dry land?
ANSWER: RIPARIAN ZONES (ACCEPT: RIPARIAN AREAS, FLOODPLAIN)
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer Which of the three main rock types contains most of the fossil fuels we use as energy resources today?
ANSWER: SEDIMENTARY ROCK
TOSS-UP 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the general term for the most basic device used to change the direction or magnitude of a force?
ANSWER: SIMPLE MACHINE
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Name the organ that spiders and many insect larvae use to build webs, make protective cocoons, and even to help catch the wind in order to fly.
ANSWER: SPINNERET
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for an elongated cluster of thunderstorm cells that is accompanied by a continuous gust front at the line's leading edge?
ANSWER: SQUALL LINE
BONUS 3) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Kohlrabi, asparagus, cauliflower, and broccoli are all edible examples of which part of the plant?
ANSWER: STEM
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Short Answer The San Andreas Fault, which runs along most of the coast of California, is an example of what type of fault: normal, thrust, or strike-slip?
ANSWER: STRIKE-SLIP
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What physical quantity does a wattmeter measure?
ANSWER: SUPPLY RATE OF ELECTRIC POWER (ACCEPT: ELECTRIC POWER)
TOSS-UP 8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A water strider is able to "walk on water" due to which property of water?
ANSWER: SURFACE TENSION (ACCEPT: HYDROGEN BONDING)
BONUS 16) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the type of immune cell that is attacked by HIV?
ANSWER: T-CELL OR HELPER T-CELL (ACCEPT: CD4 T CELL)
TOSS-UP 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What does pH measure?
ANSWER: THE ACIDITY OF A SOLUTION (ACCEPT: BASISITY OR ALKALINITY OF A
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer The mole is the SI (read as: S-eye) base unit used to measure:
ANSWER: THE AMOUNT OF A SUBSTANCE
BONUS 5) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the amount of energy it takes to change a unit mass of a solid into the same mass of liquid?
ANSWER: THE LATENT HEAT OF FUSION
TOSS-UP 1) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What do you call a microorganism that lives and grows in extremely hot environments that would kill most other microorganisms?
ANSWER: THERMOPHILE (ACCEPT: EXTREMOPHILE)
TOSS-UP 5) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Why do most rocks sink in water?
ANSWER: THEY ARE DENSER THAN THE WATER (ACCEPT: THEY WEIGH MORE THAN
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Since the 1970's, what have scientists observed about the size of global amphibian population?
ANSWER: THEY HAVE DECLINED
TOSS-UP 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If the air in a room is in a gaseous state of matter, what happens to the molecules that make up the gas when the temperature in the room increases?
ANSWER: THEY MOVE FASTER (ACCEPT: MOLECULES MOVE FURTHER APART,
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer As part of the scientific method, scientists frequently repeat other scientists' experiments. By name or number, which of the following factors would never be a reason to repeat another scientist's experiment: 1) to collect more data to prove the hypothesis was true, 2) to validate the initial results, 3) to gain a deeper understanding of the problem, and/or 4) to satisfy one's curiosity.
ANSWER: TO COLLECT MORE DATA TO PROVE THE HYPOTHESIS WAS TRUE
BONUS 21) MATH Short Answer What is the name of a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines in different points?
ANSWER: TRANSVERSAL
BONUS 23) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What do the letters TP stand for in the acronym ATP?
ANSWER: TRIPHOSPHATE
BONUS 21) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer How is the condition Down syndrome genetically identified?
ANSWER: TRISOMY (ACCEPT: THREE COPIES) OF THE 21ST AUTOSOMAL
BONUS 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Imagine if you could weigh electrons and protons on a simple balance. How many electrons do you need to balance a single proton? W) 18 hundred X) 18 thousand Y) 18 million Z) More than a billion
ANSWER: W) 18 hundred
BONUS 18) MATH Multiple Choice Cal has 88 feet of fencing to make a rectangular pen for his dog. Which of the following respective lengths and widths in feet will give him the largest area? W) 22 by 22 X) 28 by 16 Y) 30 by 14 Z) 43 by 1
ANSWER: W) 22 by 22
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the approximate concentration of carbon dioxide, in parts per million, in Earth's atmosphere? W) 380 X) 3,800 Y) 38,000 Z) 380,000
ANSWER: W) 380
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following values is smallest? W) 4! (read as: four factorial) X) 52 Y) |!100| x 4 (read as: the absolute value of the square root of 100 times 4) Z) |√625| (read as: the absolute value of the square root of 625)
ANSWER: W) 4!
BONUS 24) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following graphs could represent a negative correlation? W) A straight line passing through (0, 5) and (5, 1) X) An upward U-shaped curve with a vertex at (3, 3) Y) A straight line passing through (-2, 4) and (3, 10) Z) A downward U-shaped curve with a vertex at (0, 0)
ANSWER: W) A STRAIGHT LINE PASSING THROUGH (0, 5) AND (5, 1)
BONUS 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The velocity-time graph of a body that starts from rest and moves away from the origin with constant positive acceleration appears as: W) A straight line with positive slope X) A straight, flat line Y) A straight line with negative slope Z) A curved line whose slope is increasing in time
ANSWER: W) A STRAIGHT LINE WITH POSITIVE SLOPE
BONUS 20) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is correct? W) A triangle can be both acute and equilateral X) A triangle can be both right and obtuse Y) A triangle can be both acute and right Z) A triangle can be both equilateral and right
ANSWER: W) A TRIANGLE CAN BE BOTH ACUTE AND EQUILATERAL
TOSS-UP 13) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about heating air is true? W) Air over land is heated faster than air over water at the same location X) Air over a light colored sandy beach is heated to a higher temperature than air over the black asphalted parking lot Y) Air over water is heated faster than air over land at the same location Z) Air over ice is heated faster than air over water at the same location
ANSWER: W) AIR OVER LAND IS HEATED FASTER THAN AIR OVER WATER AT THE
BONUS 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a transition metal? W) Aluminum X) Zinc Y) Copper Z) Manganese
ANSWER: W) ALUMINUM
BONUS 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements has the largest atomic weight? W) Aluminum X) Neon Y) Nitrogen Z) Lithium (read as: LI-thee-uhm)
ANSWER: W) ALUMINUM
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water of 25° Celsius at 1 atmosphere of pressure? W) Aluminum chloride X) Zinc oxide Y) Magnesium phosphate Z) Calcium oxide
ANSWER: W) ALUMINUM CHLORIDE
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Name the tiny air sacs involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. W) Alveoli (read as: ahl-VEE-oh-ly) X) Trachea Y) Marrow Z) Ventricles
ANSWER: W) ALVEOLI
BONUS 3) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Toads and salamanders live in water and on land. They are both examples of: W) Amphibians X) Reptiles Y) Invertebrates Z) Mollusks
ANSWER: W) AMPHIBIANS
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The secret to the prevention of oxidation is to provide a layer of protection between the exposed material and the air. Which of the following is NOT an example of a process used to prevent oxidation? W) Anodizing aluminum X) Waxing a car Y) Putting lemon juice on exposed fruit Z) Spraying paint on metal objects
ANSWER: W) ANODIZING ALUMINUM
BONUS 13) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice You go to the doctor because you have a sore throat. She looks at your throat and sympathizes, then says, "Go home and rest, you'll beat that virus in no time!" She does NOT write a prescription for antibiotics, however, because: W) Antibiotics kill bacteria and you have a viral infection X) Antibiotics are being overused Y) Antibiotics are relatively inexpensive Z) Antibiotics only work if you have a cold
ANSWER: W) ANTIBIOTICS KILL BACTERIA AND YOU HAVE A VIRAL INFECTION
BONUS 10) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following mammals has the greatest diploid number of chromosomes? W) Aquatic rat X) Cat Y) Dog Z) Elephant
ANSWER: W) AQUATIC RAT
BONUS 4) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT likely to change in response to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide? W) Barometric pressure X) Storm intensity Y) Mean annual temperature Z) Total precipitation
ANSWER: W) BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
TOSS-UP 20) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following sets of equipment could be used to measure the boiling point of a liquid? W) Beaker, hot plate, and thermometer X) Balance, thermometer, and test tube Y) Stopwatch, test tube, and microscope Z) Test tube, hot plate, and balance
ANSWER: W) BEAKER, HOT PLATE, AND THERMOMETER
TOSS-UP 10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following types of weathering is caused by acid rain? W) Chemical X) Mechanical Y) Biotic Z) Tropical
ANSWER: W) CHEMICAL
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Multiple Choice Considering a circle of radius 1, which of the following has the largest numerical value? W) Circumference X) Diameter Y) Area Z) Radius
ANSWER: W) CIRCUMFERENCE
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Shortly after its formation, Earth's moon was: W) Closer to Earth than it is now X) Farther from Earth than it is now Y) The same distance from Earth as it is now Z) Oscillating between further from and closer to Earth
ANSWER: W) CLOSER TO EARTH THAN IT IS NOW
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in one gene, leading to thick, sticky mucus clogging the lungs, pancreas, and passageways in other organs? W) Cystic fibrosis X) Huntington's disease Y) Klinefelter syndrome Z) Sickle cell anemia
ANSWER: W) CYSTIC FIBROSIS
TOSS-UP 10) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Chromosomes are composed of: W) DNA and proteins X) Genes and nucleotides Y) Proteins and chromatin Z) DNA and RNA
ANSWER: W) DNA AND PROTEINS
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following activities will increase your carbon footprint? W) Eating a more beef-rich diet X) Eating a more local vegetarian diet Y) Keeping your family's car tires inflated to the correct level Z) Using public transportation like buses and trains
ANSWER: W) EATING A MORE BEEF-RICH DIET
TOSS-UP 18) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following processes is NOT classified as passive transport? W) Endocytosis (read as: EHN-doh-sy-TŌE-sis) X) Facilitated diffusion Y) Filtration Z) Osmosis
ANSWER: W) ENDOCYTOSIS
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is an example of organisms found living next to hydrothermal vents. W) Extremophiles (read as: ik-STREE-moh-FYLS) X) Hydrophiles (read as: hy- drōe -FYLS) Y) Oceanophiles (read as: oh-sheh-nōe-FYLS) Z) Bacteriophiles (read as: bahk-TIR-ōe-FYLS)
ANSWER: W) EXTREMOPHILES
BONUS 15) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is true about glaciers? W) Glaciers are generally full of rocks and sediments and can move these objects far from their sources X) When a glacier retreats, it moves backwards Y) Humans did not exist when glaciers were covering much of North America Z) There is more glacial ice today than there has been in the past 100 years
ANSWER: W) GLACIERS ARE GENERALLY FULL OF ROCKS AND SEDIMENTS AND CAN
TOSS-UP 2) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you shine unpolarized light through a polarizing filter, the light that exits the filter is: W) Half as intense X) Equally as intense Y) Dispersed into many colors Z) Scattered in all directions
ANSWER: W) HALF AS INTENSE
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following processes increases salinity in surface waters of the ocean? W) High levels of evaporation X) Melting sea ice Y) High levels of precipitation Z) Abundance of ocean life
ANSWER: W) HIGH LEVELS OF EVAPORATION
TOSS-UP 4) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Weather systems can be considered either high or low pressure. Which of the following descriptions generally contrasts high and low pressure? W) High pressure indicates fair weather and low pressure indicates stormy weather X) Low pressure indicates fair weather and high pressure indicates stormy weather Y) Either high or low pressure can indicate fair or stormy weather, depending on the circumstances Z) High and low pressure have nothing to do with indicating fair or stormy weather systems
ANSWER: W) HIGH PRESSURE INDICATES FAIR WEATHER AND LOW PRESSURE
TOSS-UP 21) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The similarities between the lungs of a reptile and the air bladder of a fish can be described, in evolutionary terms, as: W) Homologous (read as: hōe-MOH-loh-gehs) structures X) Erroneous structures Y) Vestigial structures Z) Inert structures
ANSWER: W) HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Marcellus shale occurs in the subsurface under several states. Which of the following is NOT one of them? W) Indiana X) Ohio Y) Pennsylvania Z) West Virginia
ANSWER: W) INDIANA
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about the solar wind? W) It escapes the Sun primarily though sun spots X) It is comprised of high-speed charged particles constantly blowing off of the Sun Y) It blows at a speed of about one million miles per hour Z) It can produce storms in the Earth's magnetosphere
ANSWER: W) IT ESCAPES THE SUN PRIMARILY THOUGH SUN SPOTS
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about slime mold? W) It is a fungus* X) It can move Y) It lacks chitin in its cell walls Z) It ingests food
ANSWER: W) IT IS A FUNGUS
TOSS-UP 5) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an atom? W) It is positively charged X) It has electrons Y) It has protons Z) It has a nucleus
ANSWER: W) IT IS POSITIVELY CHARGED
TOSS-UP 8) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true about groundwater? W) It never freezes X) It ultimately flows to the ocean Y) It is replenished by surface water from streams, precipitation and rivers Z) It can be depleted by humans in a particular region
ANSWER: W) IT NEVER FREEZES
BONUS 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Although this is dangerous, if you hypothetically were to breathe in xenon or krypton instead of helium, what would happen to the sound of your voice? W) It would be lower than when you breathe helium and also lower than your regular voice X) It would be lower than when you breathe helium, but higher than your regular voice Y) It would be the same as when you breathe helium Z) It would be higher than when you breathe helium
ANSWER: W) IT WOULD BE LOWER THAN WHEN YOU BREATHE HELIUM AND ALSO
BONUS 3) MATH Multiple Choice If you were to graph the inequality x < -7 (read as: x is less than negative 7) on a number line, what would it look like? W) It would have an open circle at -7 and a ray extending from -7 on the right to negative infinity on the left X) It would have a closed circle at -7 and a ray extending from -7 on the right to negative infinity on the left Y) It would have an open circle at 7 and a ray extending from 7 on the right to negative infinity on the left Z) It would have open circles at -7 and 7 and be shaded in between them
ANSWER: W) IT WOULD HAVE AN OPEN CIRCLE AT -7 AND A RAY EXTENDING FROM -7
TOSS-UP 20) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following animals do not belong to the phylum of animals called echinoderms (read as: i-KY-neh-dehrms)? W) Jellyfish X) Sea cucumbers Y) Sea lilies Z) Sea stars
ANSWER: W) JELLYFISH
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Chemically, what is the difference between limestone and dolomite? W) Limestone is a carbonate rock containing only calcium, while dolomite contains both calcium and magnesium X) Limestone is a carbonate rock containing only magnesium, while dolomite contains only calcium Y) Limestone is a carbonate rock containing both calcium and magnesium, while dolomite contains only calcium Z) Limestone is a carbonate rock containing only calcium, while dolomite contains only magnesium
ANSWER: W) LIMESTONE IS A CARBONATE ROCK CONTAINING ONLY CALCIUM, WHILE
TOSS-UP 3 PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In order to figure out what is in a sealed box, you perform some tests. The box seems heavy for its size and is harder to remove from a steel table than when placed on a concrete floor. What kind of object could be inside the box? W) Magnet X) Another steel table Y) Battery Z) Computer
ANSWER: W) MAGNET
BONUS 7) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice You are using a dichotomous key to identify a leaf you have picked up. You observe that you have a leaf with several main veins of about equal size, all of which extend from a common point at the base of the blade. Your leaf could be from which of the following trees? W) Maple X) Beech Y) Birch Z) Elm
ANSWER: W) MAPLE
TOSS-UP 5) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice When an object slides across a horizontal surface, kinetic friction is proportional to which of the following quantities? W) Mass of the object X) Volume of the object Y) The object's surface area Z) The object's potential energy
ANSWER: W) MASS OF THE OBJECT
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following regions of the world will you likely find surface ocean water that is high in salinity and temperature but low in productivity? W) Middle of the Atlantic, north of the equatorial waters X) North Pacific Ocean, near the shoreline Y) Indian Ocean, between India and Africa (Arabian Sea) Z) Coral reefs, off the northeast coast of Australia
ANSWER: W) MIDDLE OF THE ATLANTIC, NORTH OF THE EQUATORIAL WATERS
TOSS-UP 16) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following would be considered an autotroph (read as: AW-toh-trōef)? W) Oak tree X) Tiger Y) Mushroom Z) Human
ANSWER: W) OAK TREE
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Of the following colors, which one has the longest wavelength? W) Orange X) Blue Y) Yellow Z) Green
ANSWER: W) ORANGE
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The intramolecular bonds that hold together an individual water molecule can be classified as which of the following? W) Polar covalent X) Nonpolar covalent Y) Hydrogen bonds Z) Ionic bonds
ANSWER: W) POLAR COVALENT
BONUS 18) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following cell types undergo meiosis? W) Primary spermatocyte X) Epidermal cells Y) Kidney cells Z) Liver cells
ANSWER: W) PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE
BONUS 8) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice For an environment where a long-lasting toxin has been introduced, in which organism of a food chain will you expect to find the least accumulation of the toxin? W) Producer X) Herbivore (read as: (H)URR-bi-vohr) Y) Primary predator Z) Secondary predator
ANSWER: W) PRODUCER
TOSS-UP 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Neutrons are approximately the mass of: W) Protons X) Positrons Y) Electrons Z) Neutrinos
ANSWER: W) PROTONS
TOSS-UP 16) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The human genome has been mapped. In this mapping process, they identified genes that coded for all of the following, except: W) Race X) Hair color Y) Handedness Z) Vision
ANSWER: W) RACE
TOSS-UP 3) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice When looking through a glass of water with a straw in it, why might the straw appear bent and somewhat distorted? W) Refraction X) Diffraction Y) Reflection Z) Pressure
ANSWER: W) REFRACTION
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice As water freezes it often supercools, which means that it: W) Remains liquid below the freezing point X) Cools very quickly Y) Rapidly cools the surrounding environment Z) Becomes a solid above the freezing point
ANSWER: W) REMAINS LIQUID BELOW THE FREEZING POINT
BONUS 11) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following parts of the kidney does filtration occur? W) Renal corpuscle X) Tubule Y) Collecting duct Z) Dendrites
ANSWER: W) RENAL CORPUSCLE
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice All liquids are: W) Resistant to compression X) Highly viscous Y) Unable to accommodate the size of their containers Z) At a state of higher kinetic energy than any solids
ANSWER: W) RESISTANT TO COMPRESSION
TOSS-UP 23) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Babies cannot walk well. As they grow older, which of the following parts of their nervous systems will interact with their muscles, allowing for increased coordination? W) Somatic X) Autonomic Y) Sympathetic Z) Parasympathetic
ANSWER: W) SOMATIC
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports the notion of Snowball Earth? W) Stable concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide X) Dropstones in tropical waters Y) Large clay deposits Z) Cap carbonates
ANSWER: W) STABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about the use of boiling chips in an experiments? W) The addition of boiling chips increases the safety of the boiling process X) The addition of boiling chips slows down the boiling process Y) Boiling chips provide a surface area upon which chemical reactions can occur Z) Larger boiling chips are more effective than smaller boiling chips
ANSWER: W) THE ADDITION OF BOILING CHIPS INCREASES THE SAFETY OF THE
TOSS-UP 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following increases with the addition of sodium chloride to water? W) The boiling point of the solution X) The freezing point of the solution Y) The temperature of the solution Z) The vapor pressure of the solution
ANSWER: W) THE BOILING POINT OF THE SOLUTION
BONUS 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Assuming that the light bulbs, wires, and batteries are all the same in two different circuits, how would the brightness of two light bulbs in series differ from the brightness of just one light bulb? W) The brightness of the two in series would be dimmer than the single bulb X) The bulbs in series would not light up with the same amount of battery power Y) The bulbs in series would be brighter than the single bulb Z) The bulbs in series and the single bulb would have the same brightness
ANSWER: W) THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE TWO IN SERIES WOULD BE DIMMER THAN
BONUS 13) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following represents the primary symptom from the chytrid fungus infecting amphibians? W) The fungus attacks the skin, making respiration difficult X) The fungal spores cause paralysis Y) The fungal spores enter through the eyes, causing permanent blindness Z) The fungus is ingested and produces repeated regurgitation followed by death
ANSWER: W) THE FUNGUS ATTACKS THE SKIN, MAKING RESPIRATION DIFFICULT
TOSS-UP 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Of the following locations, where on the Earth's surface are you closest to the center of the Earth? W) The geographic North Pole X) The equator Y) Costa Rica Z) Saudi Arabia
ANSWER: W) THE GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE
TOSS-UP 10) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the original energy source that drives the transfer of water in the ocean to water vapor in the atmosphere? W) The Sun X) Nuclear energy Y) Wind power Z) Tidal power
ANSWER: W) THE SUN
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which two features determine the force of gravity between two planets? W) Their masses and distance apart X) Their atmospheric compositions and masses Y) Their rotational motions and shapes Z) Their masses and shapes
ANSWER: W) THEIR MASSES AND DISTANCE APART
TOSS-UP 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is true about primary producers in the ocean? W) They are responsible for bringing energy from the physical world into the biological world X) They are found primarily in tropical coral reef environments in equatorial waters Y) They are also referred to as primary consumers in an ecosystem model Z) They include sharks and large bony fishes
ANSWER: W) THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING ENERGY FROM THE PHYSICAL
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a moon of Jupiter? W) Titan X) Io Y) Europa Z) Callisto
ANSWER: W) TITAN
TOSS-UP 7) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What do we call the evaporation of water from plants that occurs chiefly while their stomata are open for the passage of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis (read as: fōe-tōe-SIN-teh-sis)? W) Transpiration X) Chemotaxis (read as: kee-MŌE-tahk-SIS) Y) Chemosynthesis Z) Chlorophyll
ANSWER: W) TRANSPIRATION
TOSS-UP 15) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Most of the mass of Earth's atmosphere is located in which of the following layers? W) Troposphere X) Mesosphere Y) Thermosphere Z) Stratosphere
ANSWER: W) TROPOSPHERE
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a major concern for oceanfront homes using well water and septic tanks? W) Using too much well water in a short time can over-pump the fresh groundwater, drawing seawater into the well X) Water systems of coastal homes are particularly susceptible to pollution due to excessive toilet flushing Y) Washing food into the sink drain will attract crabs and fish into the septic tank and lead to infestations Z) Dishwashers must only be run with the incoming tide so the food from the plates can be washed out with the outgoing tide
ANSWER: W) USING TOO MUCH WELL WATER IN A SHORT TIME CAN OVER-PUMP THE
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Most of the photons emitted by our sun fall in which pair of ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum? W) Visible light and infrared X) Radio and X-ray Y) Gamma and infrared Z) Ultraviolet and visible
ANSWER: W) VISIBLE LIGHT AND INFRARED
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Why couldn't sailing explorers from Europe and Asia sail directly along the latitude that cuts across the middle of the North Atlantic or North Pacific to get to America? W) Wind and water currents do not flow directly along the latitude that cuts across the middle of these oceans X) Winds blow so hard near the middle of the ocean that it is impossible to maintain a straight course Y) Near the center of the oceans, the winds often blow in one direction, while the water currents flow in the opposite direction, making it difficult to traverse Z) The currents are so strong in the middle of the gyres that it is difficult to sail through them
ANSWER: W) WIND AND WATER CURRENTS DO NOT FLOW DIRECTLY ALONG THE
TOSS-UP 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following does NOT depend on a chemical reaction? W) Your voice squeaking when you breathe helium X) Rusty nails Y) Halloween lightsticks Z) Fizzing of an Alka-Seltzer in water
ANSWER: W) YOUR VOICE SQUEAKING WHEN YOU BREATHE HELIUM
TOSS-UP 11) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most abundant molecule in a human cell?
ANSWER: WATER
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the general term for an area of land where the water table is near or above the surface of the ground for most of the year?
ANSWER: WETLAND
TOSS-UP 13) MATH Multiple Choice Simplify: 2a +2b + 2c 4 W) X) Y) (read as: the quantity of 2a plus 2b plus 2c divided by 4). abc 2 a+b+c 2 2(abc) 2 Z) 2(a + b + c)
ANSWER: X)
TOSS-UP 24) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following lines has the steepest slope? W) y = x + 4 X) 2y = 3x + 2 Y) 4y = 3x + 20 Z) 3y - 4x = 3
ANSWER: X) 2y = 3x + 2
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes the range in nanometers of wavelength for visible light? W) 240-630 X) 380-720 Y) 430-1160 Z) 510-1090
ANSWER: X) 380-720
TOSS-UP 10) MATH Multiple Choice A spool of ribbon has 500 yards of ribbon. If one fancy bow takes 1.3 yards of continuous ribbon, how many bows can you make from one spool? W) 46 X) 384 Y) 462 Z) 650
ANSWER: X) 384
TOSS-UP 8) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Fruit flies are common in homes, restaurants, supermarkets and wherever else fruit is allowed to rot and ferment. Given the opportunity, about how many eggs will a fruit fly lay at a time? W) 50 X) 500 Y) 5000 Z) 50,000
ANSWER: X) 500
BONUS 10) MATH Multiple Choice If points A, B, and C create an equilateral triangle with side lengths of 4 units, and D is the image of C by a reflection across the line (AB), then what is the area of parallelogram ACBD in square units? W) 8 X) 8 Y) 12 Z) 16
ANSWER: X) 8
TOSS-UP 25) MATH Multiple Choice In the gift shop, semi precious gemstones sell for $12 per pound. If there are 15 stones in a pound, what is the unit cost per gemstone? W) 75 cents X) 80 cents Y) $1.06 Z) $1.25
ANSWER: X) 80 CENTS
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Work is done on the box in all of the following scenarios except: W) A boy raising the box above his head X) A boy holding the box still above his head Y) A boy pushing the box up a ramp Z) A boy kicking the box from rest across a frictionless floor
ANSWER: X) A BOY HOLDING THE BOX STILL ABOVE HIS HEAD
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following locations are you most likely to find sandstone rock formations? W) Areas with a long history of earthquakes X) Ancient beaches or deserts Y) Swamps formed within the last thousand years Z) Areas with a history of lava deposition
ANSWER: X) ANCIENT BEACHES OR DESERTS
BONUS 8) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is an index mineral? W) Chalcopyrite (read as: kahl-koh-PY-ryt) X) Andalusite (read as: ahn-dah-LUH-syt) Y) Azurite (read as: AH-zuh-ryt) Z) Sphene (read as: SFEEN)
ANSWER: X) ANDALUSITE
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements would be expected to possess very different chemical properties from the others based on its placement in the periodic table? W) Chlorine X) Argon Y) Iodine (read as: EYE-oh-dyn) Z) Fluorine
ANSWER: X) ARGON
TOSS-UP 13) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Cheese, yogurt, apple cider, olives, and sauerkraut are all made with: W) Dehydration X) Bacteria Y) Yeast Z) Paramecium (read as: pah-rah-MEE-shee-uhm)
ANSWER: X) BACTERIA
TOSS-UP 7) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following organisms is not a eukaryote (read as: yuh-KEHR-ee-ōt)? W) Protist X) Bacteria Y) Fungi Z) Plant
ANSWER: X) BACTERIA
TOSS-UP 15) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Glaciers can have quite an effect on Earth's surface. They can: W) Stop volcanoes from erupting X) Carve away rock from mountains Y) Sink to the bottom of the ocean then grow until they reach the surface Z) Create new mountain ranges
ANSWER: X) CARVE AWAY ROCK FROM MOUNTAINS
BONUS 18) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice ATP is commonly called the energy molecule of the cell. Where in the cell would you find ATP made by substrate phosphorylation? W) Cell membrane X) Cytoplasm Y) Mitochondria (read as: my-toh-KOHN-dree-ah) Z) Vesicle
ANSWER: X) CYTOPLASM
TOSS-UP 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice During a chemical reaction, which of the following will never occur? W) Production of heat X) Destruction of energy Y) Production of light Z) Formation of a new substance
ANSWER: X) DESTRUCTION OF ENERGY
BONUS 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In order for a compound to be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, the molecule must exhibit a change in which of the following? W) Ionization energy X) Dipole moment Y) Polarizability Z) Atomic radius
ANSWER: X) DIPOLE MOMENT
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice As water begins changing phase from liquid to solid, what is happening with the energy of the system, including the ice and the surrounding water? W) No energy is being exchanged X) Energy from the forming ice is given off to the surrounding water Y) Energy from the surrounding water is given off to the forming ice Z) The whole system loses energy rapidly, becoming supercooled
ANSWER: X) ENERGY FROM THE FORMING ICE IS GIVEN OFF TO THE SURROUNDING
TOSS-UP 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice You're doing an experiment with soda. You start by weighing the full, closed can of soda. Then you open the can and wait one hour. You weigh the can again and discover that it is lighter. What caused this difference in mass? W) An exothermic reaction X) Escape of dissolved gases Y) Loss of sugar Z) A series of redox reactions in the soda
ANSWER: X) ESCAPE OF DISSOLVED GASES
TOSS-UP 13) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you touched a crawfish, you would notice that its body is hard. That is because the crawfish: W) Is an echinoderm X) Has an exoskeleton Y) Has an endoskeleton Z) Is an coelenterate
ANSWER: X) HAS AN EXOSKELETON
TOSS-UP 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes what drives plate tectonics? W) Energy from the Sun driving ocean currents and plates X) Heat from the Earth's interior driving convection in the mantle Y) Scientists have not yet developed a robust theory but some leading researchers are linking it to ocean currents Z) Earthquakes drive plate tectonics, volcanism, and global wind systems
ANSWER: X) HEAT FROM THE EARTH'S INTERIOR DRIVING CONVECTION IN THE
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about Jupiter's moon Europa? W) It was discovered by Galileo X) Its atmosphere is primarily composed of methane Y) It orbits Jupiter every 3 and a half days Z) It has a deep salty ocean which is frozen over
ANSWER: X) ITS ATMOSPHERE IS LARGELY COMPRISED OF METHANE
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What rock type would you not expect to find on the Moon? W) Rock similar in composition to Earth's mantle X) Layered sedimentary rock Y) Igneous (read as: IG-nee-ehs) rock Z) Rock similar in composition to a metallic meteor
ANSWER: X) LAYERED SEDIMENTARY ROCK
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following amino acids must we obtain in our diets? W) Cysteine (read as: SIS-teh-een) X) Leucine (read as: LUH-seen) Y) Glutamine Z) Glycine
ANSWER: X) LEUCINE
BONUS 3) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice An organism's way of life, including its habitat, food, predators, and other organisms it competes with for resources make up an organism's: W) Ecosystem X) Niche Y) Biome Z) Food pyramid
ANSWER: X) NICHE
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A father is colorblind, but his wife is not colorblind and is not a carrier of the gene for colorblindness. If the couple has a son, will he be colorblind? W) Yes, because colorblindness is always passed from father to son X) No, because the mother is neither colorblind nor a carrier of colorblindness Y) There is a 50% chance because colorblindness is autosomal dominant Z) Yes, because the gene for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome
ANSWER: X) NO, BECAUSE THE MOTHER IS NEITHER COLORBLIND NOR A CARRIER
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following substances would be least likely to dissolve in water? W) Polar compound X) Nonpolar compound Y) Ionic compound Z) Salt
ANSWER: X) NONPOLAR COMPOUND
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the source of the northeast trade winds in the North Atlantic? W) Florida X) North Africa Y) Brazil Z) Canada
ANSWER: X) NORTH AFRICA
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you stick a thermometer into a frozen slurry of lemonade as it is melting, you will find that the reading on the thermometer is: W) Slowly falling X) Not changing, as long as there is ice Y) Slowly rising Z) Quickly rising
ANSWER: X) NOT CHANGING, AS LONG AS THERE IS ICE
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is an example of an igneous (read as: IG-nee-ehs) rock? W) Flint X) Obsidian (read as: ohb-SI-dee-ahn) Y) Anthracite (read as: AN-thrah-syt) Z) Chalk
ANSWER: X) OBSIDIAN
BONUS 2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about pancreatic cancer is NOT true? W) Early pancreatic cancer usually does not cause symptoms X) Pancreatic cancer often remains contained within the pancreas Y) Smoking is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer Z) Pancreatic cancer is difficult to cure
ANSWER: X) PANCREATIC CANCER OFTEN REMAINS CONTAINED WITHIN THE
BONUS 21) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Our Solar System orbits the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. One full revolution takes about 200-250 million years. The last time our solar system was where it is now, what was occurring here on Earth? W) Humans were trying to survive with dinosaurs X) Pangaea (read as: pahn-JEE-ah) was just breaking up into the continents we know today Y) There were no living organisms on Earth yet Z) There were no animals living on land but the seas were full of life
ANSWER: X) PANGAEA WAS JUST BREAKING UP INTO THE CONTINENTS WE KNOW
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is not an example of a cartilaginous (read as: kahr-ti-LAH-ji-nehs) fish? W) Longnose skate X) Pink salmon Y) Tiger shark Z) Sting ray
ANSWER: X) PINK SALMON
TOSS-UP 25) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following animals does NOT live in or around Antarctica? W) Seal X) Polar bear Y) Penguin Z) Nematode
ANSWER: X) POLAR BEAR
BONUS 25) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In a closed system, exergonic reactions may NOT increase the available: W) Heat X) Pressure Y) Entropy Z) Energy
ANSWER: X) PRESSURE
TOSS-UP 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Elements are often classified by their atomic number. The atomic number denotes the number of: W) Atoms per gram X) Protons per atom Y) Neutrons per atom Z) Protons and neutrons per atom
ANSWER: X) PROTONS PER ATOM
TOSS-UP 18) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following correctly describes the number ? W) Integer X) Rational Y) Irrational Z) Whole
ANSWER: X) RATIONAL
TOSS-UP 18) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice All of the following cells undergo mitosis EXCEPT: W) Epidermal cells X) Red blood cells Y) Kidney cells Z) Pancreatic cells
ANSWER: X) RED BLOOD CELLS
BONUS 12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice After a forest fire, what specific type of succession rebuilds the ecosystem? W) Pioneer X) Secondary Y) Ecological Z) Primary
ANSWER: X) SECONDARY
TOSS-UP 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Soundtracks of space movies frequently have sounds of ships exploding or whizzing through space. Why is this an inaccurate depiction of space? W) Sound waves are distorted in space so everything would sound like it was under water X) Sound cannot travel through a vacuum Y) Everything would have a very high pitch in space Z) Space vibrations would muffle the explosions
ANSWER: X) SOUND CANNOT TRAVEL THROUGH A VACUUM
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the main component of volcanic gas? W) Sulfur Dioxide X) Steam Y) Carbon Dioxide Z) Nitrogen Dioxide
ANSWER: X) STEAM
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice On which day does daylight last for 24 hours at the Arctic Circle? W) Vernal equinox X) Summer solstice Y) Autumnal equinox Z) Winter solstice
ANSWER: X) SUMMER SOLSTICE
BONUS 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice An object suspended above the ground by a string is acted upon by: W) No net tension X) Tension that equals its weight Y) Tension that equals its mass Z) Tension independent of its mass
ANSWER: X) TENSION THAT EQUALS ITS WEIGHT
TOSS-UP 3) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best explains why most food chains have fewer than five organisms in them? W) Energy is too complex to cycle through multiple steps X) The amount of energy at the producer level can only support a limited number of consumers Y) There is only enough room on Earth for a certain number of animals, and they are divided into food chains Z) Ecosystems can only support a certain number of organisms, and they are divided into food chains
ANSWER: X) THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY AT THE PRODUCER LEVEL CAN ONLY
BONUS 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Hurricane winds rotate in the opposite direction in the Southern Hemisphere due to: W) The cyclonic force X) The Coriolis effect Y) Ocean temperature differences Z) The presence of less land in the Southern Hemisphere
ANSWER: X) THE CORIOLIS EFFECT
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In vascular plants, what is the name of the transport tissue that primarily carries water to the plant?
ANSWER: XYLEM
BONUS 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Imagine that you are an engineer designing a new neighborhood in a mountainous region. To reduce the likelihood of polluted groundwater, which of the following is the most important factor when considering the placement of drinking water wells, septic tanks, and landfills for the community? W) The landfill must be located very close to the neighborhood or else people will not use it X) The drinking water wells must have enough protective covering to prevent groundwater from entering the well before pollutants have been removed Y) The septic tanks must be located at the top of the hill to receive the most rainwater, which is vital for the chemical processes that occur inside Z) There must be a septic tank and landfill located at each home to provide enough waste management for the community
ANSWER: X) THE DRINKING WATER WELLS MUST HAVE ENOUGH PROTECTIVE
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Why is it winter in the northern hemisphere when it is summer in the southern hemisphere? W) The manner in which the Earth rotates regulates the seasons on Earth X) The northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun when the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun Y) Because of the Earth's revolution, each hemisphere experiences summer when it is closest to the Sun and winter when it is further away Z) Because of the Earth's rotation, seasons are regulated by photoperiods
ANSWER: X) THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE IS TILTED AWAY FROM THE SUN WHEN
TOSS-UP 5) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true about carbon dioxide? W) It has been present in Earth's atmosphere for billions of years X) The present amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is completely due to natural causes Y) Increased emissions of carbon dioxide from human industrial activities are causing global climate change Z) On Earth, it is emitted by humans, most other animals and plants
ANSWER: X) THE PRESENT AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN OUR ATMOSPHERE IS
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A red ball has a mass of 2 grams and a volume of 8 cubic centimeters. A yellow ball has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters. When both balls are placed into a bucket of water, which of the following is true? W) The yellow ball floats and the red ball sinks X) The red ball floats and the yellow ball sinks Y) Both the red and yellow ball float Z) Both the red and yellow ball sink
ANSWER: X) THE RED BALL FLOATS AND THE YELLOW BALL SINKS
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following depicts an accurate relationship between river water and groundwater within one watershed area? W) River water may be polluted but groundwater lacks pollutants X) They are the same, though the water may pick up slightly different chemicals and minerals as it moves through the ground Y) Groundwater can be contaminated by septic tanks but rivers cannot Z) Rivers flow into the ocean but groundwater cannot
ANSWER: X) THEY ARE THE SAME, THOUGH THE WATER MAY PICK UP SLIGHTLY
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Within a given period, what happens to the size of atoms as you move across a period of the periodic table, from left to right? W) They increase X) They decrease Y) They stay the same Z) There is no pattern
ANSWER: X) THEY DECREASE
BONUS 2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you were to take a section of a leaf, which of the following statements correctly aligns the part of the leaf and its function? W) Mesophyll (read as: MEH-zoh-fil): Opening through which air brings carbon dioxide X) Thylakoid (read as: THY-lah-kohid): Captures light Y) Epidermis: Region where most photosynthesis takes place Z) Stoma: Protect and support the leaf
ANSWER: X) THYLAKOID: CAPTURES LIGHT 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following natural resources is most abundant in the continental United States? W) Natural gas X) Petroleum Y) Coal Z) Uranium ++++ ANSWER: Y) COAL
BONUS 10) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice A cubic meter of H2O has the greatest amount of energy in which of the following situations? W) Ice in a Rocky Mountain glacier X) Water vapor in an air mass over Kansas Y) Water in the Gulf of Mexico Z) Water in Lake Michigan
ANSWER: X) WATER VAPOR IN AN AIRMASS OVER KANSAS
BONUS 5) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you see part of the moon one night, then three nights later you can see more of it, you know that the moon is: W) Waning X) Waxing Y) Gibbous Z) Full
ANSWER: X) WAXING
TOSS-UP 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Meteorology is the study of: W) Meteors X) Weather Y) Space Z) Rocks
ANSWER: X) WEATHER
TOSS-UP 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What are the names for the two transport tissues in plants?
ANSWER: XYLEM AND PHLOEM
TOSS-UP 21) MATH Multiple Choice If a 4-inch plant grows at the rate of 1 4 inch per day, what will its height be in 27 days? W) 6 3 4 inches X) 7 inches Y) 10 3 4 inches Z) 11 inches
ANSWER: Y) 10
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the approximate air pressure at the surface of the Earth in pascals? W) 5,000 X) 10,000 Y) 100,000 Z) 500,000
ANSWER: Y) 100,000
BONUS 8) MATH Multiple Choice The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 3 and 12. Which of the following could be the length of the third side? W) 4 X) 8 Y) 12 Z) 16
ANSWER: Y) 12
TOSS-UP 11) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following values is smallest? W) 200 X) (-16)2 (read as: open parenthesis negative 16 close parenthesis squared) Y) 142 (read as: 14 squared) 120 Z) ( 8 )2 (read as: open parentheis120 over 8 close parenthesis squared)
ANSWER: Y) 142
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice At sea level, what is the approximate atmospheric pressure at the ground in psi? W) 0.15 X) 1.5 Y) 15 Z) 150
ANSWER: Y) 15
BONUS 9) MATH Multiple Choice If Jen ran t + 3 kilometers and Susan ran half as much as Jen and biked twice as much as Jen ran, which expression represents their total kilometers of exercise? W) 2.5(t + 3) (read as: 2.5 times the quantity t plus 3) X) 3.5t + 3 Y) 3.5(t + 3) (read as: 3.5 times the quantity t plus 3) Z) 1.5t + 4.5
ANSWER: Y) 3.5(t + 3)
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is closest to the area in square centimeters of a circle with a radius of 4 centimeters? W) 12 X) 24 Y) 48 Z) 192
ANSWER: Y) 48
TOSS-UP 21) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following distances is longest? W) Half a kilometer X) Half a decimeter Y) 600 meters Z) 40 decameters
ANSWER: Y) 600 METERS
TOSS-UP 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A new chemical is produced that is slippery and has a bitter taste but is not very corrosive. What is the most likely pH of this chemical? W) 3 X) 7 Y) 9 Z) 13
ANSWER: Y) 9
TOSS-UP 13) MATH Multiple Choice Molly walks an average of 3 strides in 2 seconds. At this rate, how many strides can she make in 1 minute? W) 30 X) 60 Y) 90 Z) 120
ANSWER: Y) 90
TOSS-UP 23) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT correct? W) A triangle can be both acute and equilateral (read as: ee-kwi-LAH-the-rahl) X) A triangle can be both right and isosceles Y) A triangle can be both acute and right Z) A triangle can be both scalene and right
ANSWER: Y) A TRIANGLE CAN BE BOTH ACUTE AND RIGHT
TOSS-UP 6) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of these constitutes a correct DNA base pairing? W) A-C X) G-T Y) A-T Z) C-C
ANSWER: Y) A-T
BONUS 13) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice You experience an ocean breeze when you stand on the beach on a summer afternoon because: W) Wind always comes into land off the water because air moves more over the ocean X) Air currents are stronger over land Y) Air over land is heated more, causing it to rise and make room for the cooler ocean air Z) Air over water is heated during the day, rises, and then flows inland to the land, where the air is cooler
ANSWER: Y) AIR OVER LAND IS HEATED MORE, CAUSING IT TO RISE AND MAKE ROOM
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following would best describe a 14karat gold bracelet? W) Pure metal X) Nonmetal Y) Alloy Z) Amalgam
ANSWER: Y) ALLOY
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following correctly matches an order of amphibians and its characteristics? W) Squamata: legs, clawed toes and external ears X) Anura: long bodies and tails Y) Apoda: tentacles and fishlike scales Z) Urodela: no tails, can jump
ANSWER: Y) APODA: TENTACLES AND FISHLIKE SCALES
BONUS 8) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a mechanism plants use to disperse their seeds? W) Ingestion by animals X) Wind Y) Apomixis (read as: ah-poh-MIK-sis) Z) Storage by animals
ANSWER: Y) APOMIXIS
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the scientific class to which spider belong? W) Vertebrate X) Echinoderm (read as: i-KY-neh-dehrm) Y) Arachnid (read as: ah-RAHK-nid) Z) Amphibian (read as: ahm-FI-bee-ehn)
ANSWER: Y) ARACHNID
TOSS-UP 13) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following processes represents asexual reproduction in bacteria? W) Sporulation X) Budding Y) Binary fission Z) Regeneration
ANSWER: Y) BINARY FISSION
BONUS 15) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT an example of an organ system? W) Muscular X) Endocrine (read as: ehn-DŌER-hik) Y) Bone Z) Digestive
ANSWER: Y) BONE
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following meals would give humans most of the nutrients needed in a day? W) Vegetables, fruit, and water X) Meat, milk, and a piece of chocolate Y) Bread, vegetables, and fish Z) Meat, fish, and bread
ANSWER: Y) BREAD, VEGETABLES, AND FISH
BONUS 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements is often added to steel to make it harder? W) Aluminum X) Zirconium Y) Chromium Z) Sodium
ANSWER: Y) CHROMIUM
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about weather or climate? W) The terms weather is used to describe atmospheric conditions over a short period of time in a particular area X) Climate is the average weather pattern over many years in a particular area Y) Climate causes weather Z) Climate variability can be related to periodic changes such as El Niño or La Niña
ANSWER: Y) CLIMATE CAUSES WEATHER
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If the Earth's axis lost its tilt, which of the following would least likely occur? W) Changes in ocean surface currents X) Increased amount of seasonal changes across the planet Y) Cooler temperatures in winter and hotter temperatures in summer Z) Days and nights which are equal throughout the entire year across the planet
ANSWER: Y) COOLER TEMPERATURES IN WINTER AND HOTTER TEMPERATURES IN
TOSS-UP 5) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following was a storm observed on Saturn - a large, bright, convective storm that appeared in Saturn's southern hemisphere? W) Dust storms X) Great Dark Spot Y) Dragon Storm Z) Great Red Spot
ANSWER: Y) DRAGON STORM
BONUS 16) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Feather color in chickens can be a codominant trait. You cross a white chicken with a black chicken. Which of the following phenotypes will you see in the first generation of chicks? W) All of the chicks will be gray X) The chicks will be more black than white Y) Each of the chicks will be black and white in about equal proportions Z) The chicks will be more white than black
ANSWER: Y) EACH OF THE CHICKS WILL BE BLACK AND WHITE IN ABOUT EQUAL
BONUS 21) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements it true about pollen? W) Pollen must be transferred between plants by insects X) Pollen travels through the style and directly fertilizes the ovule Y) Either before or after arriving on the stigma, each pollen grain undergoes a mitotic cell division producing two sperm Z) Pollen is a gamete
ANSWER: Y) EITHER BEFORE OR AFTER ARRIVING ON THE STIGMA, EACH POLLEN
BONUS 22) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following choices does NOT represent a benefit of Mycorrhiza (read as: my-koh-RY-zah)? W) Enhanced absorption of water X) Better survival of root diseases Y) Enhanced uptake of nitrogen Z) Enhanced soil structure
ANSWER: Y) ENHANCED UPTAKE OF NITROGEN
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice You discover an igneous (read as: IG-nee-ehs) rock with a course-grained texture and the appearance of a mass of intergrown crystals of similar size. At which of the following locations did magma most likely solidify? W) In the ocean X) On the surface Y) Far below the surface Z) No more than 100 feet below the surface
ANSWER: Y) FAR BELOW THE SURFACE
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following relative dating principles relies on fossils for dating? W) Original horizontality X) Lateral continuity Y) Faunal succession Z) Cross-cutting relationships
ANSWER: Y) FAUNAL SUCCESSION
TOSS-UP 21) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Transgenic animals carry the genes from other species in their DNA through a deliberate modification of their genome. Which of the following phrases does NOT reflect why transgenic animals are currently being produced in the United States? W) To have animal models for human diseases X) To test the purity of human proteins (such as human insulin) used as drugs Y) For the production of human food Z) Improving animal health or productivity
ANSWER: Y) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN FOOD
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the largest moon in our Solar System? W) Io X) Europa Y) Ganymede (read as: gah-NY-meed) Z) Callisto
ANSWER: Y) GANYMEDE
TOSS-UP 15) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following animals is a ruminant herbivore? W) Rhinoceros X) Lion Y) Giraffe Z) Zebra
ANSWER: Y) GIRAFFE
TOSS-UP 10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following choices is the controlling force behind mass wasting? W) The triggering event X) Saturation of the material with water Y) Gravity Z) Removal of anchoring vegetation
ANSWER: Y) GRAVITY
BONUS 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following environmental conditions is NOT commonly associated with hurricanes? W) Warm ocean waters X) Further than 300 miles from the equator Y) Greater than 25 miles per hour change in wind speed between the surface and upper troposphere Z) Moist air near the mid-level of the troposphere
ANSWER: Y) GREATER THAN 25 MILES PER HOUR CHANGE IN WIND SPEED BETWEEN
TOSS-UP 6) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Liver tissue in a monkey would be expected to be structurally most similar to which of the following tissues? W) Monkey brain X) Ape kidney Y) Human liver Z) Dog liver
ANSWER: Y) HUMAN LIVER
TOSS-UP 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following natural disasters is NOT commonly caused by the movement of tectonic plates? W) Volcanoes X) Earthquakes Y) Hurricanes Z) Tsunamis
ANSWER: Y) HURRICANES
TOSS-UP 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice When alkali metals such as sodium are placed in water, a gaseous substance is produced. What is this gas? W) Water vapor X) Oxygen Y) Hydrogen Z) Carbon dioxide
ANSWER: Y) HYDROGEN
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What type of energy production does NOT require a turbine with a shaft to spin a generator in order to create electricity? W) Geothermal power X) Hydropower Y) Hydrogen fuel cells Z) Nuclear (fission) reactors
ANSWER: Y) HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Name the body system to which tonsils belong. W) Digestive system X) Circulatory system Y) Immune/lymphatic system Z) Excretory system
ANSWER: Y) IMMUNE/LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
BONUS 10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following can cause an increase in the amount of acid rain? W) Decrease in the ozone layer X) Increase in oil spills Y) Increased burning of fossil fuels Z) Decrease in pesticide use
ANSWER: Y) INCREASED BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS
BONUS 9) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was launched in 1997 with the primary mission of measuring rainfall from space using passive microwave and active radar sensors. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of TRMM? W) Increased understanding of the water cycle X) Increased understanding of the heat release associated with rainfall Y) Increased understanding of contrails Z) Better likelihood of accurate climate models
ANSWER: Y) INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF CONTRAILS
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice You find a new creature measuring over 4 millimeters in size in your bedroom. You notice that it has 6 legs so you know it is some type of: W) Arachnid (read as: ah-RAHK-nid) X) Larva Y) Insect Z) Echinoderm (read as: i-KY-neh-dehrm)
ANSWER: Y) INSECT
BONUS 5) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice At a given temperature, the velocity of gases is: W) Directly proportional to molecular size X) Indirectly proportional to molecular size Y) Inversely proportional to molecular mass Z) Directly proportional to molecular mass
ANSWER: Y) INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO MOLECULAR MASS
TOSS-UP 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true of tension? W) It is the same as stress X) Its magnitude is independent of mass Y) It can be defined as the opposite of compression Z) It is equivalent to force
ANSWER: Y) IT CAN BE DEFINED AS THE OPPOSITE OF COMPRESSION
BONUS 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following lists the four upper spheres of Earth in the correct order of their chronological development? W) Atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere X) Hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere Y) Lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere Z) Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
ANSWER: Y) LITHOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE, HYDROSPHERE, BIOSPHERE
BONUS 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following describes the temperature and productivity of surface ocean water in an upwelling zone? W) High temperature and low productivity X) High temperature and high productivity Y) Low temperature and high productivity Z) Low temperature and low productivity
ANSWER: Y) LOW TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
TOSS-UP 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice While recognizing that evolution is a continual process for all organisms, historically speaking, which of the following kinds of organisms evolved most recently on Earth? W) Reptiles X) Insects Y) Mammals Z) Fish
ANSWER: Y) MAMMALS
BONUS 6) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Matilda plays an instrument which produces a higher pitch than the instrument her friend Matt plays. What can we say about the sound waves of Matilda's music? W) Matilda's wave peaks are farther apart than Matt's X) Both Matilda and Matt's sound waves have the same wavelength, but Matilda's travel slower Y) Matilda's wave peaks are closer together than Matt's Z) Both Matilda and Matt's sound waves have the same wavelength, but Matilda's travel faster
ANSWER: Y) MATILDA'S WAVE PEAKS ARE CLOSER TOGETHER THAN MATT'S
BONUS 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about Mercury? W) Mercury is the second densest planet in the solar system X) Mercury travels around the Sun faster than any other planet Y) Mercury has no magnetic field Z) Mercury has been visited by spacecraft
ANSWER: Y) MERCURY HAS NO MAGNETIC FIELD
BONUS 3) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has a longer wavelength than visible light? W) Ultraviolet X) Gamma rays Y) Microwaves Z) X-rays
ANSWER: Y) MICROWAVES
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Multiple Choice You are the manager of a video game store who is trying to decide what type of games to order and re-stock for next month. In looking at past and current sales, which of the following data descriptions would be of most interest to you? W) Mean X) Median Y) Mode Z) Range
ANSWER: Y) MODE
TOSS-UP 11) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following quantities is always conserved in an inelastic collision? W) Kinetic energy X) Mechanical energy Y) Momentum Z) Impulse
ANSWER: Y) MOMENTUM
BONUS 1) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about thermophiles in Yellowstone National Park is NOT true? W) Many thermophiles live in hot pools of water X) Studies of thermophiles have been helpful to the process of DNA fingerprinting Y) Most thermophiles are in the kingdom Eubacteria (read as: juh-bahk-TIR-ee-ah) Z) Thermophiles are often brightly colored
ANSWER: Y) MOST THERMOPHILES ARE IN THE KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
BONUS 7) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following organisms cannot perform photosynthesis? W) Cyanobacteria (read as: SY-ah-nōe-bahk-TIR-ee-ah ) X) Ferns Y) Mushrooms Z) Trees
ANSWER: Y) MUSHROOMS
BONUS 23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In nuclear chemistry, a mass defect exists due to: W) The high energy of electrons X) Unsymmetrical configurations Y) Nuclear binding energy Z) Weak nuclear forces
ANSWER: Y) NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY
TOSS-UP 18) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT part of a prokaryotic (read as: prōe-kahr-ee-AH-tik) cell? W) Cell membrane X) Cell wall Y) Nucleus Z) Cytoplasm
ANSWER: Y) NUCLEUS
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Two isotopes of the same element differ with respect to which of the following? W) Number of protons X) Number of electrons Y) Number of neutrons Z) Atomic number
ANSWER: Y) NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
BONUS 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following minerals is present in the highest concentrations in granite? W) Pyroxene X) Hornblende Y) Quartz Z) Plagioclase (read as: PLAY-jee-oh-klays) feldspar
ANSWER: Y) QUARTZ
TOSS-UP 21) MATH Multiple Choice Considering a number set {1,2,4,7,50}, which of the following values is the largest? W) Mean X) Median Y) Range Z) Third quartile
ANSWER: Y) RANGE
BONUS 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount required to saturate the air is: W) Specific humidity X) Absolute humidity Y) Relative humidity Z) Dew point
ANSWER: Y) RELATIVE HUMIDITY
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following choices is NOT a condition required for the formation of a thunderstorm? W) Humid air in low- to mid-troposphere X) Atmospheric instability Y) Relatively low temperatures Z) A source of uplift
ANSWER: Y) RELATIVELY LOW TEMPERATURES
TOSS-UP 13) MATH Multiple Choice On a number line, the coordinate of S is -6 and the coordinate of R is 3. Which statement is true? W) S divided by R is greater than 0 X) R minus S is less than 0 Y) S times R is less than 0 Z) S plus R is greater than 0
ANSWER: Y) S TIMES R IS LESS THAN 0
TOSS-UP 25) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following describes how sea ice is different from continental ice? W) Continental ice is denser than sea ice X) Sea ice is saline while continental ice is fresh Y) Sea ice floats on the water while continental ice sits on land Z) Sea ice is constantly changing while continental ice remains the same
ANSWER: Y) SEA ICE FLOATS ON THE WATER WHILE CONTINENTAL ICE SITS ON LAND
BONUS 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Fossils are most often found in what type of rock? W) Igneous (read as: IG-nee-us) X) Metamorphic Y) Sedimentary Z) Granitic
ANSWER: Y) SEDIMENTARY
BONUS 18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice If each of the following objects is allowed to roll down a ramp without slipping, which reaches the bottom with the greatest speed? W) Solid cylinder X) Hollow cylinder Y) Solid sphere Z) Hollow sphere
ANSWER: Y) SOLID SPHERE
BONUS 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice The addition of equal moles of which of the following to water will decrease the freezing point the most? W) Magnesium sulfate X) Hydrochloric acid Y) Sulfuric acid Z) Hydroflouric acid
ANSWER: Y) SULFURIC ACID
BONUS 6) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Why are there no deep-sea trenches off the east coast of the United States? W) There are no trenches in the Atlantic Ocean; trenches exist only in the Pacific Ocean X) The Appalachian Mountains are volcanic mountains and trenches are not associated with volcanism Y) The eastern coast of the United States is in the middle of the North American Plate, not at a plate margin where trenches can occur Z) The deep ocean trenches have been filled with sediments from the many rivers that drain the U.S.
ANSWER: Y) THE EASTERN COAST OF THE UNITED STATES IS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates. It is caused by infection with the Ebola virus. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Ebola? W) Ebola typically occurs in sporadic outbreaks X) Health care workers should wear protective clothing such as masks, gowns, goggles, and gloves Y) The Ebola virus originated in monkeys Z) The disease takes between 2 days to 3 weeks to incubate
ANSWER: Y) THE EBOLA VIRUS ORIGINATED IN MONKEYS
TOSS-UP 20) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the metric unit for mass? W) The pound X) Stones Y) The kilogram Z) The micron
ANSWER: Y) THE KILOGRAM
TOSS-UP 16) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following explains why white light entering a prism exits and projects a rainbow? W) The prism's crystal lattice colors the white light, like stained glass X) Different parts of the prism absorb different colors of light Y) The prism separates the white light into its component parts Z) The prism acts as a polarizing filter
ANSWER: Y) THE PRISM SEPARATES THE WHITE LIGHT INTO ITS COMPONENT PARTS
TOSS-UP 5) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following must be true about the product of an integer and one greater than the integer? W) The product is negative X) The product is positive Y) The product is even Z) The product is odd
ANSWER: Y) THE PRODUCT IS EVEN
BONUS 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about deep mid-ocean ridge ecosystems? W) There are no primary producers, only consumers and decomposers X) The organisms are highly mobile, ascending daily to the ocean surface to feed Y) The source of energy is chemical energy from hydrothermal vents of the seafloor Z) The organisms have the most dynamic and complex coloring on their bodies so they can be visible at depth
ANSWER: Y) THE SOURCE OF ENERGY IS CHEMICAL ENERGY FROM HYDROTHERMAL
TOSS-UP 15) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Ariah is holding a bowling ball and Robert is holding a tennis ball on the roof of their school. Ariah and Robert drop these objects off the roof at the same time. Neglecting air resistance, what will happen? W) Ariah's bowling ball will hit the ground first due to its greater mass X) Robert's tennis ball will hit the ground first due to its faster acceleration Y) The tennis ball and the bowling ball will hit the ground at the same time Z) The result can't be determined without knowing the ball's density
ANSWER: Y) THE TENNIS BALL AND THE BOWLING BALL WILL HIT THE GROUND AT
TOSS-UP 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Why are fruits and vegetables essential in a healthy mammalian diet? W) They have a high water content X) They are the best source of protein Y) They are rich in minerals and vitamins Z) They are the best source of carbohydrates
ANSWER: Y) THEY ARE RICH IN MINERALS AND VITAMINS
TOSS-UP 21) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about constellations? W) They are made up of stars that not only appear close together but that are actually physically close together in space X) They are all visible throughout the year from all points on Earth's surface Y) They may serve as reference points in the night sky Z) The locations of the stars in the constellations have changed significantly since the times of ancient Greeks
ANSWER: Y) THEY MAY SERVE AS REFERENCE POINTS IN THE NIGHT SKY
BONUS 18) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the purpose of a confirmation well? W) To verify that the site will physically support a drilling platform X) To verify that the oil is accessible Y) To verify that a formation has enough hydrocarbons to make it worth developing Z) To verify that the cost of extricating the oil will not be too high
ANSWER: Y) TO VERIFY THAT A FORMATION HAS ENOUGH HYDROCARBONS TO MAKE
TOSS-UP 1) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What component of the air does humidity measure? W) Nitrogen X) Dust and other particulate matter Y) Water vapor Z) Carbon monoxide
ANSWER: Y) WATER VAPOR
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Sixteen thousand years ago, the landscape of the Midwest was very different than it is today. Glaciers were retreating, but much of the Midwestern United States was under ice. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Midwest 16,000 years ago? W) Spruce grew throughout much of the Midwest south of the glaciers X) Summers were significantly cooler than they are today Y) Winter temperatures were dramatically cooler than they are today Z) Ground sloths browsed on trees and shrubs
ANSWER: Y) WINTER TEMPERATURES WERE DRAMATICALLY COOLER THAN THEY
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following equalities is NOT true, when a and b are nonzero, nonequal integers? W) a b=b a X) a + b = b + a Y) a - b = b - a Z) a/b = 1/b • a (read as: a over b equals 1 over b times a)
ANSWER: Y) a - b = b - a
TOSS-UP 20) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a rational number? W) -1.5 X) 0 Y) 1/3 Z) 2
ANSWER: Z)
BONUS 10) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following integers is closest to 0.00009 (read as: zero point zero zero zero zero nine) to the power of -1? W) -9 X) -1 Y) 0 Z) 10,000
ANSWER: Z) 10,000
TOSS-UP 3) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the approximate age of the Universe in years? W) 3 million X) 1 billion Y) 5 billion Z) 14 billion
ANSWER: Z) 14 BILLION
TOSS-UP 1) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you are looking at a specimen with a compound microscope using a 40X objective and a 10X eyepiece, what would be the total magnification? W) 4 times X) 40 times Y) 44 times Z) 400 times
ANSWER: Z) 400 TIMES
BONUS 18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you travel toward a loudspeaker playing a sound at 500 hertz, which of the following may be the frequency of sound you hear, in hertz? W) 50 X) 100 Y) 500 Z) 600
ANSWER: Z) 600
TOSS-UP 23) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which north or south latitude experiences the greatest variation in sun exposure over the course of the year? W) 0° X) 30° Y) 60° Z) 90°
ANSWER: Z) 90°
TOSS-UP 20) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is a meteorite? W) An asteroid X) A kind of comet Y) A natural particle from space that vaporizes upon entering Earth's atmosphere Z) A natural particle from space that survives impact with the Earth's surface
ANSWER: Z) A NATURAL PARTICLE FROM SPACE THAT SURVIVES IMPACT WITH THE
BONUS 1) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following statements about squares is NOT true? W) A square is a rectangle X) A square is a parallelogram Y) A square is a rhombus Z) A square's diagonals are equal to its side lengths
ANSWER: Z) A SQUARE'S DIAGONALS ARE EQUAL TO ITS SIDE LENGTHS
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Bioluminescence is light originating in an organism that is produced by a chemical reaction. Which of the following statements is NOT true about bioluminescence? W) It is the predominant source of light in the deep ocean X) The luminescent wake of a ship is due to dinoflagellates (read as: dy-nōe-FLAH-jeg-lehts) Y) Most marine bioluminescence is blue in color Z) All firefly species are bioluminescent as adults
ANSWER: Z) ALL FIREFLY SPECIES ARE BIOLUMINESCENT AS ADULTS
BONUS 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Most extremophiles belong to which group of organisms? W) Protists (read as: PRŌE-tists) X) Fungi Y) Eukaryotes (read as: yuh-KEHR-ee-ōets) Z) Archaea (read as: arh-KEE-ah)
ANSWER: Z) ARCHAEA
TOSS-UP 23) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following molecules is most commonly used for the transport of energy in cells? W) GTP X) GDP Y) ADP Z) ATP
ANSWER: Z) ATP
BONUS 10) MATH Multiple Choice A 10-foot ladder leaned against a wall reaches a window. If the base of the ladder is 3 feet from the wall, how high up is the window? W) Between 6 and 7 feet X) Between 7 and 8 feet Y) Between 8 and 9 feet Z) Between 9 and 10 feet
ANSWER: Z) BETWEEN 9 AND 10 FEET
TOSS-UP 2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Plant metabolism must: W) Produce carbon dioxide and consume oxygen X) Neither produce nor consume carbon dioxide or oxygen Y) Consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen Z) Both produce and consume carbon dioxide and oxygen
ANSWER: Z) BOTH PRODUCE AND CONSUME CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN
BONUS 6) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements is NOT a noble gas? W) Xenon X) Radon Y) Krypton Z) Bromine
ANSWER: Z) BROMINE
BONUS 2) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT considered a variable star? W) Cepheid (read as: SEH-feed) X) Supernova Y) Eclipsing binary star Z) Brown dwarf
ANSWER: Z) BROWN DWARF
TOSS-UP 10) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the term used to describe someone who draws maps? W) Graphic designer X) Meteorologist Y) Geoscientist Z) Cartographer
ANSWER: Z) CARTOGRAPHER
TOSS-UP 6) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What is the organ system that delivers hormones, oxygen, and nutrients to cells and transports waste products away from cells? W) Lymphatic system X) Endocrine system Y) Respiratory system Z) Circulatory system
ANSWER: Z) CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The jet stream separates major air masses over the central continental U.S. The high pressure air mass to the north of the jet stream has which of the following characteristics in winter? W) Warm and humid X) Warm and dry Y) Cold and humid Z) Cold and dry
ANSWER: Z) COLD AND DRY
BONUS 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following does NOT include a chemical reaction? W) Making caramel from sugar X) Immersing an iron nail in a copper sulfate solution to coat the nail with copper metal Y) Combining water, rocks and gravel with cement to make concrete Z) Combining copper and tin to make bronze
ANSWER: Z) COMBINING COPPER AND TIN TO MAKE BRONZE
BONUS 20) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following processes releases energy? W) Evaporation X) Melting Y) Boiling Z) Condensation
ANSWER: Z) CONDENSATION
BONUS 14) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is used to describe a thrust fault? W) Divergent X) Transverse Y) Spreading Z) Convergent
ANSWER: Z) CONVERGENT
TOSS-UP 25) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice For what did Marie Curie win the Nobel Prize in chemistry? W) Discovering uranium and plutonium X) Discovering radon Y) Discovering curium Z) Discovering radium and polonium
ANSWER: Z) DISCOVERING RADIUM AND POLONIUM
BONUS 25) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following comparisons would you least expect the speed of sound to change? W) Whale songs travelling through Arctic water compared to whale songs travelling through equatorial waters X) Sounds made at the surface of the ocean compared to sounds made at a depth of 100 meters Y) Frog calls made in the spring when its 4 degrees Celsius compared to calls made at 28 degrees Celsius Z) Dog barks with low frequency compared to high frequency, excited dog barks
ANSWER: Z) DOG BARKS WITH LOW FREQUENCY COMPARED TO HIGH FREQUENCY,
BONUS 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Thomas Edison improved upon a 50-year-old idea of electric light, inventing an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. Which of the following was NOT included in his inventions? W) Parallel circuit X) Safety fuse Y) Light socket with on and off switches Z) Electric generator
ANSWER: Z) ELECTRIC GENERATOR
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the term for the swampy area where a river valley meets the sea? W) Playa X) Trench Y) Spit Z) Estuary (read as: EHS-chuh-wehr-ee)
ANSWER: Z) ESTUARY
TOSS-UP 7) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following can NOT be considered a solution? W) Soda pop X) Salt Water Y) Household vinegar Z) Ethanol
ANSWER: Z) ETHANOL
TOSS-UP 18) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about a full lunar eclipse? W) They occur every month X) They tend to occur in the same months as solar eclipses Y) They only occur when the Moon is at perigee (read as: PEHR-i-jee), closest to Earth Z) Everyone on the night side of Earth with a clear sky can see the lunar eclipse
ANSWER: Z) EVERYONE ON THE NIGHT SIDE OF EARTH WITH A CLEAR SKY CAN SEE
TOSS-UP 12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What system in a mammalian body is responsible for removing liquids and solid wastes? W) Circulatory X) Respiratory Y) Endocrine (read as: EHN-doh-krin) Z) Excretory (read as: EHK-skreh-tohr-ee)
ANSWER: Z) EXCRETORY
BONUS 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following reactions always releases heat? W) Spontaneous X) Endothermic Y) Decomposition Z) Exothermic
ANSWER: Z) EXOTHERMIC
TOSS-UP 18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a simple machine? W) Pulley X) Wedge Y) Inclined plane Z) Gear
ANSWER: Z) GEAR
TOSS-UP 24) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT something a river can do to rock? W) Cut down through hundreds of meters of rock X) Polish rock Y) Transport rock hundreds of miles Z) Melt rock
ANSWER: Z) MELT ROCK
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Greenhouse gases heat the atmosphere by allowing sunlight to pass through while trapping heat. Which of the following planets does NOT have an atmosphere that contains greenhouse gases? W) Earth X) Venus Y) Mars Z) Mercury
ANSWER: Z) MERCURY
TOSS-UP 3) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus? W) Anaphase X) Prophase Y) Interphase Z) Metaphase
ANSWER: Z) METAPHASE
BONUS 13) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice In eukaryotic cells, where does cellular respiration take place? W) Nucleus X) Endoplasmic reticulum (read as: ri-TI-kyuh-luhm) Y) Ribosome (read as: RY-boh-sōem) Z) Mitochondria (read as: my-toh-KOHN-dree-ah)
ANSWER: Z) MITOCHONDRIA
BONUS 24) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following describes molecules in solid phase? W) Molecules are not in contact with each other and move freely, rapidly, and randomly X) Molecular forces are not strong and molecules can rotate and roll over each other Y) The molecules may move and assume the shape of the container Z) Molecular motion is highly restricted; they can only vibrate in place
ANSWER: Z) MOLECULAR MOTION IS HIGHLY RESTRICTED; THEY CAN ONLY VIBRATE
BONUS 2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice When plant scientists began crossing different pure lines, they noticed that the hybrid plants that resulted were: W) Less vigorous than their parents X) Equally as vigorous as their parents Y) Unable to sustain life Z) More vigorous than their parents
ANSWER: Z) MORE VIGOROUS THAN THEIR PARENTS
TOSS-UP 23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following elements exists as a diatomic molecule in its lowest energy state? W) Beryllium X) Boron Y) Carbon Z) Nitrogen
ANSWER: Z) NITROGEN
BONUS 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice A fault in the Earth's surface in which the hanging wall has moved down relative to the footwall is called: W) Downthrust fault X) Upthrust fault Y) Reverse fault Z) Normal fault
ANSWER: Z) NORMAL FAULT
TOSS-UP 21) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following regular polygons will NOT tessellate? W) Triangles X) Squares Y) Hexagons Z) Octagons
ANSWER: Z) OCTAGONS
BONUS 7) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice A plasmid is a circular DNA molecule that is separate from chromosomal DNA, usually occurring in bacteria. Which of the following do plasmids usually contain? W) Single-stranded DNA X) Cell membrane Y) High osmotic pressure Z) One or two genes
ANSWER: Z) ONE OR TWO GENES
BONUS 15) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Purple martins are the largest member of the swallow family in North America. Which of the following is NOT true about purple martins? W) They are monogamous X) They eat only flying insects Y) The male croak song is always sung in the presence of a female Z) Only the female feeds their young
ANSWER: Z) ONLY THE FEMALE FEEDS THEIR YOUNG
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice What substance most commonly makes soil black? W) Minerals X) Burned wood Y) Clay Z) Organic matter
ANSWER: Z) ORGANIC MATTER
TOSS-UP 21) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice When you stretch a rubber band and hold it, what type of energy results? W) Kinetic X) Stationary Y) Torque Z) Potential
ANSWER: Z) POTENTIAL
BONUS 17) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following substances does not react with either vinegar or iodine? W) Baking soda X) Baking powder Y) Cornstarch Z) Powdered sugar
ANSWER: Z) POWDERED SUGAR
BONUS 2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Sea stars, velvet worms and northern shrike birds - all three are examples of: W) Omnivores X) Detritivores (read as: di-TRI-ti-vohrs) Y) Scavengers Z) Predators
ANSWER: Z) PREDATORS
BONUS 20) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a type of metamorphic rock that is created from sandstone? W) Andesite (read as:AHN-di-zyt ) X) Schist (read as:SHIST ) Y) Gneiss (read as: NYS) Z) Quartzite
ANSWER: Z) QUARTZITE
TOSS-UP 3) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Carrots, parsnips, radishes, and beets are all examples of: W) Stems X) Secondary roots Y) Modified leaves Z) Roots
ANSWER: Z) ROOTS
BONUS 23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a metalloid? W) Beryllium X) Nitrogen Y) Carbon Z) Silicon
ANSWER: Z) SILICON
BONUS 12) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Available incoming solar radiation is known as: W) Solar absorption X) Solar reflection Y) Solar re-radiation Z) Solar insolation
ANSWER: Z) SOLAR INSOLATION
TOSS-UP 8) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice What most likely constitutes the majority of the Earth's center, also known as the inner core? W) Hydrogen gas X) Molten rock Y) Molten iron Z) Solid iron
ANSWER: Z) SOLID IRON
TOSS-UP 6) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Through what medium can all kinds of earthquake waves travel? W) Plasma X) Liquids Y) Gases Z) Solids
ANSWER: Z) SOLIDS
TOSS-UP 17) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice When you are sick with a virus, your body builds up a defense system by making antibodies against it. Why, then, do we need to get flu shots every year? W) Antibodies are usually only effective for a few months X) We need antibiotics to combat the flu Y) We could be flu carriers even if we are not sick Z) The flu virus mutates every year
ANSWER: Z) THE FLU VIRUS MUTATES EVERY YEAR
TOSS-UP 24) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about the function y = 6 5 x3 + 4 ? W) The function is odd X) The function is even Y) The function is positive Z) The function is neither odd nor even
ANSWER: Z) THE FUNCTION IS NEITHER ODD NOR EVEN
TOSS-UP 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The general paths of storm systems that travel across the continental United States are primarily driven by: W) Ocean currents X) Local winds Y) Mountains Z) The jet stream
ANSWER: Z) THE JET STREAM
BONUS 10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is NOT true about rock avalanches? W) Rock and debris can hurtle downslope at speeds exceeding 125 miles per hour X) They can be dated based on isotopes formed from the rock's exposure to cosmic rays Y) They can be caused by earthquakes Z) The movement of rocks downslope in an avalanche is called a flow
ANSWER: Z) THE MOVEMENT OF ROCKS DOWNSLOPE IN AN AVALANCHE IS CALLED A
TOSS-UP 4) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If convection currents in the mantle stopped, which of the following would likely happen? W) The number of earthquakes would increase X) The number of earthquakes would stay the same Y) Earthquakes would get stronger Z) The number of earthquakes would decrease
ANSWER: Z) THE NUMBER OF EARTHQUAKES WOULD DECREASE
BONUS 22) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following do most asteroids orbit in our solar system? W) Jupiter X) The Earth Y) The Moon Z) The Sun
ANSWER: Z) THE SUN
BONUS 19) MATH Multiple Choice Suppose you have an equilateral triangle with a base of 2 inches. Which of the following is true? W) The other sides of the triangle are 1 inch X) The triangle could be similar to a right triangle Y) The triangle is a right triangle Z) The triangle is similar to all equilateral triangles
ANSWER: Z) THE TRIANGLE IS SIMILAR TO ALL EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES
BONUS 10) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best explains why a tsunami produced by an underwater earthquake might be deadly? W) The wave acquires a tremendous velocity if the depth of the earthquake is small X) The height of a wave created by an earthquake increases the potential energy of the wave Y) The wave possesses intense pressure when it reaches the shore Z) The wave acquires tremendous energy when there is a shallow focus and high magnitude earthquake in deep water
ANSWER: Z) THE WAVE ACQUIRES TREMENDOUS ENERGY WHEN THERE IS A
BONUS 5) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is a characteristic of endothermic animals? W) They have a higher metabolism in warm weather X) They are more aggressive overall as compared to cold-blooded animals Y) They are found only in warm climates Z) They maintain a constant internal temperature at all air temperatures
ANSWER: Z) THEY MAINTAIN A CONSTANT INTERNAL TEMPERATURE AT ALL AIR
BONUS 13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Why do many bridges have expansion joints? W) To reduce the vibration of cars traveling across the bridge X) To permit quick disassembly in case of flooding or other disasters Y) To increase resistance to UVB-induced photo-degradation Z) To prevent buckling when the bridge expands and contracts with temperature changes
ANSWER: Z) TO PREVENT BUCKLING WHEN MATERIALS IN THE BRIDGE EXPAND AND
BONUS 21) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following issues do humans have the most control over when contemplating the release of transgenic animals into the wild? W) Competition between transgenic and wild populations X) Movement of the altered gene into the wild gene pool Y) Different niche requirements with the transgenic versus wild populations Z) Viability of transgenic fish
ANSWER: Z) VIABILITY OF TRANSGENIC FISH
TOSS-UP 22) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following compounds is found in the greatest abundance in animals? W) Glucose X) Fatty acids Y) Carbon dioxide Z) Water
ANSWER: Z) WATER
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If you see the Moon in the western sky just above the setting Sun, what is the Moon's phase? W) New moon X) Full moon Y) Gibbous Z) Waxing crescent
ANSWER: Z) WAXING CRESCENT
TOSS-UP 25) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is a polynomial? W) a2 2 4 a + 3 (read as: a squared minus 4 over a plus 3) X) 3a - a-2 + 1 (read as: 3 a squared minus a to the minus 2 plus one) Y) 15a2 - a1.5 - 3 (read as: 15 a squared minus a to the 1.5 minus three) Z) a3
ANSWER: Z) a3
TOSS-UP 15) MATH Multiple Choice In the Pythagorean theorem, a2 + b2 = c2. If all side lengths are smaller than 1 unit long, which of the following is largest? W) a2 X) b2 Y) c2 Z) c
ANSWER: Z) c
BONUS 19) EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE Multiple Choice The radius of Planet C is close to half that of Earth, and both have the same average density. Compared to Earth's gravitational acceleration at the surface, approximately what will Planet C's gravity be at its surface? W) 4 g X) g/4 Y) g Z) g/2
ANSWER: Z) g/2
BONUS 24) MATH Multiple Choice What is the measure, in inches, of the hypotenuse of a right triangle when the other two sides measure 6 inches and 5 inches? W) 30 X) √11 Y) √30 Z) √61
ANSWER: Z) √61
TOSS-UP 16) MATH Short Answer Simplify:
ANSWER: f + 4
BONUS 1) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What type of nucleic acid is translated into a protein sequence?
ANSWER: mRNA (ACCEPT: MESSENGER RNA)
BONUS 10) MATH Short Answer If x + y = 5 and 3x - 4y = 15, solve for x and y.
ANSWER: x = 5 AND y = 0
BONUS 24) MATH Short Answer What is one equation in slope intercept form of an asymptote of the 2 (x -‐ 3) hyperbola 25 -‐ (y + 1)2 49 = 1 read as: the quantity x minus 3 squared over 25 minus the quantity y plus 1 squared over 49 equals 1)?
ANSWER: y =
BONUS 5) MATH Short Answer What is the equation, in slope intercept form, of the line perpendicular to the line y = 3x + 4, that passes through the point (-5, 7)?
ANSWER: y =
BONUS 25) MATH Short Answer What is the equation of the line, in slope intercept form, which passes through the points (-3, 2) and (-5, 6)?
ANSWER: y = -2x - 4
TOSS-UP 4) MATH Short Answer What is the area of the unit circle?
ANSWER: π
BONUS 1) MATH Short Answer You have a cylinder with a radius of b and a height of (2b + 4). A rectangular prism has the same volume as the cylinder. The rectangular prism has a square base with side lengths of 2b. What is the height of the rectangular prism in terms of π?
ANSWER: π/2 b + π [ACCEPT: π( ½ b + 1)]
