Science 3.3 - 3.4
Which cells in your body undergo cellular respiration?
Every cell in your body.
An insect eats a leaf. Explain how the insect depends on the sun for energy.
The insect indirectly obtains the sun's energy because the leaf absorbs the sun's energy.
Which part of the human body is most similar to stomata in plants?
The lungs and airways
what does atp stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
what are the two types of fermentation
alcoholic and lactic acid
a type of fermentation that occurs when yeast and some other single-celled organisms break down sugars is called _______________. _________ is one of the products. it is important to ____________ and ________>
alcoholic fermentation; alcohol; bakers; brewers
an organism that makes its own food is a(n) __________
autotroph
list the two stages of photosynthesis
capturing the sun's energy and using energy to make food
sugars are a type of ____________.
carbohydrate
during photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and save it in the form of ________________. When cells need energy, they withdraw it by ___________________ in the process of respiration
carbohydrates; breaking down the carbohydrates
In fermentation, what do cells use instead of oxygen to break down glucose?
carbon dioxide
list the raw materials of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide and water
two products of respiration are:
carbon dioxide; water
during photosynthesis, ____________ and __________ are used to produce sugars and oxygen. during respiration, the sugar ____________ and _____________- are used to produce carbon dioxide and water. they can be thought of as _____________ processes
carbon dioxide; water; glucose; oxygen; opposite
what is glucose made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and stores it as what kind of energy?
chemical energy
the main pigment found in chloroplasts of plants is __________.
chlorophyll
the final stage of the cell cycle is ___________
cytokinesis
nearly all living things obtain energy either _________ or ____________ from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis
directly; indirectly
How do we get the glucose we need to power our cells?
eating
during photosynthesis, plants use __________ from the sun to convert _________________ and __________ into ______________ and ____________.
energy; carbon dioxide; water; oxygen; sugars
ATP is to your cells as ______ is to a car.
gasoline
respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy from __________
glucose
a(n) _______ is an organism that cannot make its own food
heterotroph
In photosynthesis, water molecules are split into _______ and ______ atoms.
hydrogen and oxygen
first stage of the cell cycle is _________
interphase
Which produces more energy, aerobic respiration or fermentation?
respiration
the process by which cells "withdraw" energy from glucose is ___________.
respiration
which process - photosynthesis or respiration - produces water
respiration
in plants, the _________ absorb water from the soil. the water moves up through the plant's __________ to the _________.
roots; stem; leaves
write the entire formula for the photosynthesis reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 +6O2
s this process more likely to occur during a short run or a long walk? Explain your answer.
A short run because the athlete is pushing their muscles more
Chlorophyll is a type of pigment, and so is the melanin in your skin. What is a pigment?
A substance that contains color
Would you expect a plant to produce more oxygen on a cloudy day or a sunny day? Explain.
A sunny day because the plant has been given enough energy to carry out its functions.
What's one major reason human cells have evolved to depend on aerobic, and not anaerobic, respiration?
Aerobic respiration produces more energy than anaerobic respiration
Explain why cellular respiration adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, but photosynthesis does not.
Because in respiration, there is a production of carbon dioxide, but in photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide is used up.
six-carbon sugars have the chemical formula:
C6H12O6
write the chemical formula for six-carbon sugar
C6H12O6
write the respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What are the substances needed for photosynthesis? What substances are produced during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water; a sugar and oxygen
What are the chemical products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
What happens during respiration?
Cells obtain energy from glucose.
If you were looking for a plant's chloroplasts, where would you find them?
In its palisade and spongy cells
What is the main function of xylem within a plant?
It transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves
This one made no sense
OOpSSOSOSS
What do the respiratory system and cellular respiration have in common?
Oxygen plays a key role in both.
In what way does plant nutrition differ from human nutrition?
Plants make their own nutrients; humans must consume theirs.
Why do living things need energy?
So they can carry out their functions.
the gas, ______________, enters the plant through small openings on the undersides of leaves called ____________. once in the leaves, the water and carbon dioxide move into the ____________.
carbon dioxide; stomata; chloroplasts
inside the chloroplasts, the water and carbon dioxide undergo a complex series of _________________. the reactions are powered by the ________ captured in the first stage. these reactions produce chemicals as ____________. one product is a sugar that has ________ carbon atoms
chemical reactions; energy; products; 6
what makes plants green
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is found in ____________- in the plant's cells
chloroplasts
double rod of condensed chromatin is___________
chromosome
the first stage takes place in the ________ of the organism's cells. _________ is not involved
cytoplasm; oxygen
grass obtains energy ____________ from the sunlight; a zebra eats the grass, so a zebra gets the energy _____________.
directly; indirectly
Which of the following do plants gain from sunlight?
energy
What is the process in which cells obtain energy without using oxygen?
fermentation
_______ provides energy for the cells without using oxygen
fermentation
during respiration, cells break down simple ______________ such as sugar and release _____________.
food molecules; the energy they contain
in plants, the energy capturing process occurs mostly in the ____________>
leaves
what do the greek words photo and synthesis mean
light and putting together
what does the arrow mean in the photosynthesis equation
light energy
why is sunlight written above the arrow in the equation, rather than on either side of it?
light energy creates the reaction
chlorophyll captures _____________ and uses it to power the ___________- stage of photosynthesis
light energy; second
the term photosynthesis comes from the Greek words: "photo": ________ ; "synthesis": __________
light; putting together
In which organelles does cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria
the second stage of respiration takes place in the _____________. these chemical reactions require ______>
mitochondria; oxygen
the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides is ____________
mitosis
fermentation is an energy-releasing process that does not require _________.
oxygen
which happens last in the process of photosynthesis
oxygen exits the leaf
when you breathe in, you take in __________ - a raw material for respiration. when you breathe out, you release _____________ and ____________-products of respiration
oxygen; carbon dioxide; water
the other product of photosynthesis is _________, which exits the leaf through the __________.
oxygen; stomata
plants manufacture their own food through a process of ________________>
photosynthesis
the process by which a cell captures the energy in sunlight and uses it to make food is called _________.
photosynthesis
colored compounds that absorb light are _______.
pigments
the green color of plants comes from __________, colored chemical compounds that absorb light. the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts is ____________.
pigments; chlorophyll
process in which DNA is copied is called __________
replication
carbon dioxide produced by yeast creates air bubbles in bread dough, causing it to ____________.
rise
small openings on the undersides of leaves through which carbon dioxide enters a plant is _________.
stomata
the cell uses captured energy to produce _________.
sugars
what is photosynthesis
the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
Compare the equations for respiration and photosynthesis.
the products and the raw materials switched.
What might happen if plants could not produce glucose?
They could not grow and function
photosynthesis is the process by which a cell captures energy from ________ and uses it to make _________.
the sun; food
how does sunlight provide food for a zebra?
the zebra eats the grass which contains energy from the sun
How do plants obtain energy?
They trap the energy from the sun through photosynthesis.
How would athletes be affected if this process could not take place?
They would be out of energy quickly.
How does your body get rid of the carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration?
Through your lungs.
what is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
a heterotroph cannot make its own food and an autotroph can
list the products of photosynthesis
a sugar and oxygen
an organism that makes its own food is a(n) _____________. an organism that cannot make its own food is a _______________>
autotroph; heterotroph
the other type of fermentation occurs in your ________. the product is an acid known as _________________. when lactic acid builds up, you feel a painful sensation in your ___________.
body; lactic acid; muscles