Science 3.3 - 3.4

Which cells in your body undergo cellular respiration?

Every cell in your body.

An insect eats a leaf. Explain how the insect depends on the sun for energy.

The insect indirectly obtains the sun's energy because the leaf absorbs the sun's energy.

Which part of the human body is most similar to stomata in plants?

The lungs and airways

what does atp stand for?

adenosine triphosphate

what are the two types of fermentation

alcoholic and lactic acid

a type of fermentation that occurs when yeast and some other single-celled organisms break down sugars is called _______________. _________ is one of the products. it is important to ____________ and ________>

alcoholic fermentation; alcohol; bakers; brewers

an organism that makes its own food is a(n) __________

autotroph

list the two stages of photosynthesis

capturing the sun's energy and using energy to make food

sugars are a type of ____________.

carbohydrate

during photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and save it in the form of ________________. When cells need energy, they withdraw it by ___________________ in the process of respiration

carbohydrates; breaking down the carbohydrates

In fermentation, what do cells use instead of oxygen to break down glucose?

carbon dioxide

list the raw materials of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide and water

two products of respiration are:

carbon dioxide; water

during photosynthesis, ____________ and __________ are used to produce sugars and oxygen. during respiration, the sugar ____________ and _____________- are used to produce carbon dioxide and water. they can be thought of as _____________ processes

carbon dioxide; water; glucose; oxygen; opposite

what is glucose made of

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and stores it as what kind of energy?

chemical energy

the main pigment found in chloroplasts of plants is __________.

chlorophyll

the final stage of the cell cycle is ___________

cytokinesis

nearly all living things obtain energy either _________ or ____________ from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis

directly; indirectly

How do we get the glucose we need to power our cells?

eating

during photosynthesis, plants use __________ from the sun to convert _________________ and __________ into ______________ and ____________.

energy; carbon dioxide; water; oxygen; sugars

ATP is to your cells as ______ is to a car.

gasoline

respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy from __________

glucose

a(n) _______ is an organism that cannot make its own food

heterotroph

In photosynthesis, water molecules are split into _______ and ______ atoms.

hydrogen and oxygen

first stage of the cell cycle is _________

interphase

Which produces more energy, aerobic respiration or fermentation?

respiration

the process by which cells "withdraw" energy from glucose is ___________.

respiration

which process - photosynthesis or respiration - produces water

respiration

in plants, the _________ absorb water from the soil. the water moves up through the plant's __________ to the _________.

roots; stem; leaves

write the entire formula for the photosynthesis reaction

6CO2 + 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 +6O2

s this process more likely to occur during a short run or a long walk? Explain your answer.

A short run because the athlete is pushing their muscles more

Chlorophyll is a type of pigment, and so is the melanin in your skin. What is a pigment?

A substance that contains color

Would you expect a plant to produce more oxygen on a cloudy day or a sunny day? Explain.

A sunny day because the plant has been given enough energy to carry out its functions.

What's one major reason human cells have evolved to depend on aerobic, and not anaerobic, respiration?

Aerobic respiration produces more energy than anaerobic respiration

Explain why cellular respiration adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, but photosynthesis does not.

Because in respiration, there is a production of carbon dioxide, but in photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide is used up.

six-carbon sugars have the chemical formula:

C6H12O6

write the chemical formula for six-carbon sugar

C6H12O6

write the respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

What are the substances needed for photosynthesis? What substances are produced during photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide and water; a sugar and oxygen

What are the chemical products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

What happens during respiration?

Cells obtain energy from glucose.

If you were looking for a plant's chloroplasts, where would you find them?

In its palisade and spongy cells

What is the main function of xylem within a plant?

It transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves

This one made no sense

OOpSSOSOSS

What do the respiratory system and cellular respiration have in common?

Oxygen plays a key role in both.

In what way does plant nutrition differ from human nutrition?

Plants make their own nutrients; humans must consume theirs.

Why do living things need energy?

So they can carry out their functions.

the gas, ______________, enters the plant through small openings on the undersides of leaves called ____________. once in the leaves, the water and carbon dioxide move into the ____________.

carbon dioxide; stomata; chloroplasts

inside the chloroplasts, the water and carbon dioxide undergo a complex series of _________________. the reactions are powered by the ________ captured in the first stage. these reactions produce chemicals as ____________. one product is a sugar that has ________ carbon atoms

chemical reactions; energy; products; 6

what makes plants green

chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is found in ____________- in the plant's cells

chloroplasts

double rod of condensed chromatin is___________

chromosome

the first stage takes place in the ________ of the organism's cells. _________ is not involved

cytoplasm; oxygen

grass obtains energy ____________ from the sunlight; a zebra eats the grass, so a zebra gets the energy _____________.

directly; indirectly

Which of the following do plants gain from sunlight?

energy

What is the process in which cells obtain energy without using oxygen?

fermentation

_______ provides energy for the cells without using oxygen

fermentation

during respiration, cells break down simple ______________ such as sugar and release _____________.

food molecules; the energy they contain

in plants, the energy capturing process occurs mostly in the ____________>

leaves

what do the greek words photo and synthesis mean

light and putting together

what does the arrow mean in the photosynthesis equation

light energy

why is sunlight written above the arrow in the equation, rather than on either side of it?

light energy creates the reaction

chlorophyll captures _____________ and uses it to power the ___________- stage of photosynthesis

light energy; second

the term photosynthesis comes from the Greek words: "photo": ________ ; "synthesis": __________

light; putting together

In which organelles does cellular respiration take place?

mitochondria

the second stage of respiration takes place in the _____________. these chemical reactions require ______>

mitochondria; oxygen

the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides is ____________

mitosis

fermentation is an energy-releasing process that does not require _________.

oxygen

which happens last in the process of photosynthesis

oxygen exits the leaf

when you breathe in, you take in __________ - a raw material for respiration. when you breathe out, you release _____________ and ____________-products of respiration

oxygen; carbon dioxide; water

the other product of photosynthesis is _________, which exits the leaf through the __________.

oxygen; stomata

plants manufacture their own food through a process of ________________>

photosynthesis

the process by which a cell captures the energy in sunlight and uses it to make food is called _________.

photosynthesis

colored compounds that absorb light are _______.

pigments

the green color of plants comes from __________, colored chemical compounds that absorb light. the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts is ____________.

pigments; chlorophyll

process in which DNA is copied is called __________

replication

carbon dioxide produced by yeast creates air bubbles in bread dough, causing it to ____________.

rise

small openings on the undersides of leaves through which carbon dioxide enters a plant is _________.

stomata

the cell uses captured energy to produce _________.

sugars

what is photosynthesis

the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

Compare the equations for respiration and photosynthesis.

the products and the raw materials switched.

What might happen if plants could not produce glucose?

They could not grow and function

photosynthesis is the process by which a cell captures energy from ________ and uses it to make _________.

the sun; food

how does sunlight provide food for a zebra?

the zebra eats the grass which contains energy from the sun

How do plants obtain energy?

They trap the energy from the sun through photosynthesis.

How would athletes be affected if this process could not take place?

They would be out of energy quickly.

How does your body get rid of the carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration?

Through your lungs.

what is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?

a heterotroph cannot make its own food and an autotroph can

list the products of photosynthesis

a sugar and oxygen

an organism that makes its own food is a(n) _____________. an organism that cannot make its own food is a _______________>

autotroph; heterotroph

the other type of fermentation occurs in your ________. the product is an acid known as _________________. when lactic acid builds up, you feel a painful sensation in your ___________.

body; lactic acid; muscles