Science Chapter 4 Review

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Granitic

Light-colored igneous rocks, form from magma rich in silicon and oxygen

Carbonaceous films

a fossil impression in a rock, consisting only of a thin carbon deposit

compaction

a sedimentary rock-forming process that occurs when layers of sediment become compressed by the weight of layers above them

nonfoliated

a texture of metamorphic rock, created when mineral grains change, grow, and rearrange but don't form bands

foliated

a texture of metamorphic rock, created when mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands

original remains

actual organism or parts of the organism are found.

mold

cavity in a rock that has the shape of a fossil that was trapped there; water dissolved the fossil away, leaving its imprint

Basaltic

dark-colored igneous rocks that form from magma rich in iron and magnesium

trace fossils

footprints, worm holes, burrows, and other traces of animal activity preserved in rock

how metamorphic rock is classified & formed

formed from already rock, but when pressure and temperature change & classified by foliated (parallel bands) and non-foliated (no bands)

how igneous rock is classified & formed

formed from cooling of molten material & classified by intrusive (slow & in the ground) and extrusive (fast & above the ground)

how sedimentary rock is classified & formed

formed from sediments compressed or cemented together & classified by clastic (formed from cementation), chemical (a solution evaporated and left mineral behind), or organic sedimentary rock (rock composed of plant or animal remains)

Index fossil

fossil of a species that existed briefly and was widespread geographically, used in determining the relative ages of rock layers

Extrusive igneous rock

igneous rock that formed when magma extrudes onto Earth's surface and cools as lava

sediment

loose materials such as rock fragments and mineral grains that have been transported by wind, water, or glaciers

Rock

mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter

Mineral/mineral grain

naturally occurring, nonliving solid with a definite structure and chemical composition

petrified remains

plant or animal remains that have been petrified

Metamorphic rock

rock formed from existing rock where the temperature or pressure changes

Igneous rock

rock formed when magma or lava cools

Sedimentary rock

rock formed when sediments become pressed or compacted together

difference between rocks and minerals

rocks - mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter Mineral - naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite structure and composition

cementation

sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between the sediments

know what info fossils can give

the age of rocks, proof of continental drift, and about ancient environments

Rock Cycle

the processes by which, over many years, Earth materials change back and forth among magma, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks

fossils

the remains or traces of a once-living organism; usually preserved in rock

cast

type of fossil formed when an earlier fossil in rock is dissolved away, leaving behind the impression of that fossil (a mold), and new sediments or minerals enter the mold


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