Science Chapter 4 Review
Granitic
Light-colored igneous rocks, form from magma rich in silicon and oxygen
Carbonaceous films
a fossil impression in a rock, consisting only of a thin carbon deposit
compaction
a sedimentary rock-forming process that occurs when layers of sediment become compressed by the weight of layers above them
nonfoliated
a texture of metamorphic rock, created when mineral grains change, grow, and rearrange but don't form bands
foliated
a texture of metamorphic rock, created when mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands
original remains
actual organism or parts of the organism are found.
mold
cavity in a rock that has the shape of a fossil that was trapped there; water dissolved the fossil away, leaving its imprint
Basaltic
dark-colored igneous rocks that form from magma rich in iron and magnesium
trace fossils
footprints, worm holes, burrows, and other traces of animal activity preserved in rock
how metamorphic rock is classified & formed
formed from already rock, but when pressure and temperature change & classified by foliated (parallel bands) and non-foliated (no bands)
how igneous rock is classified & formed
formed from cooling of molten material & classified by intrusive (slow & in the ground) and extrusive (fast & above the ground)
how sedimentary rock is classified & formed
formed from sediments compressed or cemented together & classified by clastic (formed from cementation), chemical (a solution evaporated and left mineral behind), or organic sedimentary rock (rock composed of plant or animal remains)
Index fossil
fossil of a species that existed briefly and was widespread geographically, used in determining the relative ages of rock layers
Extrusive igneous rock
igneous rock that formed when magma extrudes onto Earth's surface and cools as lava
sediment
loose materials such as rock fragments and mineral grains that have been transported by wind, water, or glaciers
Rock
mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter
Mineral/mineral grain
naturally occurring, nonliving solid with a definite structure and chemical composition
petrified remains
plant or animal remains that have been petrified
Metamorphic rock
rock formed from existing rock where the temperature or pressure changes
Igneous rock
rock formed when magma or lava cools
Sedimentary rock
rock formed when sediments become pressed or compacted together
difference between rocks and minerals
rocks - mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter Mineral - naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite structure and composition
cementation
sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between the sediments
know what info fossils can give
the age of rocks, proof of continental drift, and about ancient environments
Rock Cycle
the processes by which, over many years, Earth materials change back and forth among magma, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks
fossils
the remains or traces of a once-living organism; usually preserved in rock
cast
type of fossil formed when an earlier fossil in rock is dissolved away, leaving behind the impression of that fossil (a mold), and new sediments or minerals enter the mold
