Science Final
c) friction
Simon rolled a ball down a hill. The ball stopped before it reached the bottom of the hill. Which of these MOST LIKELY stopped the ball from rolling a) mass b) gravity c) friction d) inertia
d) reference point
a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion a) a position b) a constant c) velocity d) reference point
d = s x t d = 1,500 km
a plane's average speed between two cities is 600 km/hr, if the trip takes 2.5 hrs how far does the plane fly
v = d/t v = 3 m/sec west
a shopping cart is pushed 15.6 m west across a parking lot in 5.2 sec, what is the velocity of the cart
mechanical, electrical
a spinning turbine ( ___________ energy) produces usable energy to power homes ( ___________ energy)
conductor
a substance that allows electrons to move freely across the surface of their atoms
insulator
a substance that prevents or slows the flow of heat energy
a = (Vf - Vi) / t a = 0.8 m/s^2
a train moves from rest to a speed of 25 m/s in 30 sec, what is its acceleration
newton's first law
an object at rest will stay at rest, while an object in motion stays in motion until an outside force acts upon it
f = m x a f = 1,200 N
an object of mass 300kg is observed to accelerate at the rate of 4 m/s^2, calculate the force
chemical, mechanical or electromagnetic
batteries ( ___________ energy) are used to turn on a flashlight ( ___________ energy)
chemical, thermal
fossil fuels ( ___________ energy) are burned, which is called combustion, and heat ( ___________ energy) is released
c) speed up / positively accelerate
friction can cause an object to do all of the following except a) slow down / decelerate b) produce heat / thermal energy c) speed up / positively accelerate d) change direction
opposite
friction is a force that acts in the _________ direction of the intended motion of an object
c) electromagnetic
light is an example of which type of energy a) nuclear b) gravitational c) electromagnetic d) chemical
chemical, thermal
natural gas ( ___________ energy) heats ( ____________ energy) water
gravitational and elastic potential energy
what are the two types of potential energy
compressed or stretched
what does elastic potential energy relate to
height
what does gravitational potential energy relate to
centripetal
what force are responsible for making an object turn in a circle
b) electrical
what form of energy is associated with the movement of charges, usually electrons a) chemical b) electrical c) heat d) sound
a push or pull
what is a force
bowling ball, baseball
what is an example of KE
top of rock climbing wall, trampoline
what is an example of PE
metals, silver, gold, copper, brass, carbon
what is an example of a conductor
rubber, wood, glass
what is an example of an insulator
molecule to molecule
what is an example of conduction
hot air balloon
what is an example of convection
roller coaster
what is an example of kinetic energy
roller coaster getting ready to take off
what is an example of potential energy
microwave
what is an example of radiation
rubbing a balloon, lightning, clothes in a dryer
what is an example of static electricity
b) motion
what is an object changing position or distance in time called a) speed b) motion c) velocity d) acceleration
joules (J)
what is energy measured in
newtons (N)
what is the SI or metric unit for force
a) speed
what is the amount of distance traveled in a certain amount of time called (no direction given) a) speed b) motion c) velocity d) acceleration
negative
what is the charge of an electron
a = (Final V - Initial V) / t
what is the formula for acceleration
s = distance / time (d/t)
what is the formula for calculating speed
f = mass x acceleration
what is the formula for force
KE = 1/2 x mass x speed ^2
what is the formula for kinetic energy
m = force / acceleration
what is the formula for mass
PE = weight x height
what is the formula for potential energy
v = d/t with direction
what is the formula for velocity
energy can never be created or destroyed, only transformed from on type to another
what is the law of conservation
b) radiation
what is the process by which heat energy gets to Earth from the Sun a) conduction b) radiation c) subduction d) convection
friction
what occurs when two objects slide, roll, or glide past each other, and acts in the opposite direction of an object's motion
b) electrical to mechanical
when a hair dryer is being used, one of the energy transformations that takes place is a) electrical to chemical b) electrical to mechanical c) mechanical to electrical d) chemical to electrical
a) it is given off as other forms of energy
when electrical energy is "used" by an electric light, what really happens to the energy a) it is given off as other forms of energy b) it changes matter c) it stops at the electrical light d) it disappears
when it's not accelerating
when is an object going at a constant speed
a) conduction of heat through the pan
when water boils in a pan on hot burner, heat gets to the water mainly by a) conduction of heat through the pan b) radiation of heat through the pan c) reflection of heat from the burner d) absorption of heat from air in the room
d) velocity of the object
when you know both the speed and direction of an object's motion you know the a) acceleration of the object b) average speed of the object c) distance the object has traveled d) velocity of the object
c) static friction
when you push a desk that does not move a) fluid friction b) rolling friction c) static friction d) sliding friction
a) fluid friction
when you swim in a pool a) fluid friction b) rolling friction c) static friction d) sliding friction
most PE - top of the hill most KE - bottom of the hill
where does a roller coaster have the most potential and most kinetic energy
a) child jumping rope
which of the following is an example of kinetic energy a) a child jumping rope b) a swimmer ready to dive c) a stuffed toy lying on a table d) firewood stacked in a fireplace
false
(t/f) balanced forces can cause a change in speed or direction
false
(t/f) most forms of energy cannot be converted into other forms
sliding friction
(what type of friction) a child sliding down a slide
fluid friction
(what type of friction) a plane flying through the air
rolling friction
(what type of friction) a skateboard rolling down a hill
c) heating milk by conduction; popping popcorn by radiation
Bill and Mary wanted to have a snack after school. They heated some milk in a pot on the stove to make hot chocolate. They also popped some popcorn in the microwave over. How did Bill and Mary transfer heat energy to make these snacks a) heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by radiation b) heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by convection c) heating milk by conduction; popping popcorn by radiation d) heating milk by convection; popping popcorn by conduction
b) the momentum of car 1 decreases and the momentum of car 2 increases
In an amusement park a moving bumper car (car 1) collides with a bumper car at rest (car 2) and, after the collision, both cars move. If momentum is conserved, which statement is correct? a) the momentum of car 1 increases and the momentum of car 2 decreases b) the momentum of car 1 decreases and the momentum of car 2 increases c) the total momentum of both cars increases d) the total momentum of bot cars decreases
a) the car makes a sudden stop
Jeff was riding in a car. Which change demonstrates the GREATEST effect of inertia a) the car makes a sudden stop b) the car slows down gradually c) the car changes into another lane d) the car runs out of gas and rolls to a stop
d) the force of friction
Manuel is coasting on his bike. Because he is not pedaling, his bike will come to a stop. Which of these will cause Manuel's bike to stop a) an increase in kinetic energy b) earth's magnetic field c) the property of inertia d) the force of friction
a) heat energy
On a cold, winter day, Sheena rubs her hands together. Stored chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Due to the Law of Conversation of Energy some of the energy is also transformed into a) heat energy b) light energy c) solar energy d) kinetic energy
s = d/t s = 8.3 m/s
Pete drives 150 m in 18 sec, assuming he does not speed up or slow down, what is his speed
KE = 1/2 x m x s ^2 5,580 J
a baseball with a mass of 2.5 kg is thrown at a velocity of 20 m/s, what is the baseball's kinetic energy
b) potential energy
a car stopped at the top of a ramp has a) heat energy b) potential energy c) kinetic energy d) mechanical energy
t = d/v t = 16 hrs
a family drives 881 mil from Texas, how long will it take them to reach their destination if they travel at a velocity of 55 mph, northwest
m = f/a m = 50 kg
a force of 250 N is applied to an object that accelerate at a rate of 5 m/sec^2, what is the mass
light or electromagnetic, mechanical
a light bulb [visible light] ( ___________ energy) turns on because of turning on the light switch ( ___________ energy)
electromagnetic or radiant, nuclear
a microwave ( ___________ energy) in a house turns on because of energy produced in a nuclear power plant from an atom's nucleus ( ___________ energy)
PE = w x h 4,250 J
a mountain climber with a mass of 85 kg reaches a height of 50 m above the ground, what is her potential energy
radiation
electromagnetic waves travel through space and transfer heat energy
law of conservation of energy
energy is not created or destroyed but changes from one form to another (transferred)
seatbelt
example of newton's first law
a ball rolling down an incline and accelerates
example of newton's second law
hammering a nail, rocket explosion
example of newton's third law
newton's third law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
newton's second law
force = mass x acceleration
c) chemical
gasoline, wood, water behind a dam, and a boulder on the edge of a cliff all represent some form of potential energy, what form of potential energy do gasoline and burning wood have in common a) heat b) light c) chemical d) mechanical
a) by using electromagnetic waves and the process of radiation
how do microwaves cook food a) by using electromagnetic waves and the process of radiation b) by using forced hot air currents through the process of radiation c) by using the movement of charged particles through the process of induction d) by using direct contact of moving particles through the process of conduction
static electricity
if a pair of socks stick together after coming out of the dryer, this is an example of
speed or direction
if an object is accelerating it changes in what two things
12N towards the direction pushed
if the force of a soccer player is 15N, and the resisting force due to friction is 3N, what is the net force acting on the ball
energy
the ability to do work or cause a change
static electricity
the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object
convection
the cyclical motion of molecules in a gas or liquid caused by the transfer of heat through a surface
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
potential energy
the eternal stored energy of an object
d) acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes a) speed b) motion c) velocity d) acceleration
inertia
the tendency of an object to resist change in motion
conduction
the transfer of heat energy between substances that are touching
b) metal
through which of the following materials does heat travel the fastest a) glass b) metal c) plastic d) wood
c) silver, copper, and carbon
which of the following lists include only conductors of electricity a) iron, wood, and paper b) nichrome, plastic, and paper c) silver, copper, and carbon d) wood, plastic, and paper
electrons
which particle is mainly responsible for static charges
d) a salmon leaping up a waterfall
which represents kinetic energy a) a bear standing in a field of berries b) a salmon resting in still water c) a bear holding a salmon it has caught d) a salmon leaping up a waterfall
a) pulling a wagon uphill
which situation is an example of increasing potential energy a) pulling a wagon uphill b) emptying a bucket of water c) a cat jumping from a tree d) a bicyclist stopping at a stop sign
mechanical, thermal
you rub your hands together ( ___________ energy) on a cold day and friction is created to produce heat ( ___________ energy)
