Section 2: Project Scope Management

13. Assume you are working to collect the requirements for your project. As you do so, you realize your project's success is due to— a. Active stakeholder involvement b. Linking the requirements you collect to the requirement management plan c. Conducting facilitated workshops with stakeholders d. Preparing a requirements document template that you and your team can use throughout the Collect Requirements process

a. Active stakeholder involvement - Critical to discover and decompose project needs and product requirements.

16. On the WBS, you have decided to structure it by phases of your project. In this approach— a. Deliverables are at the third level b. Subcomponents are at the first level c. Major deliverables are at the second level d. Project organizational units are at the third level

a. Deliverables are at the third level - In a phased approach, the second level is decomposition and the third level is product and project deliverables.

15. You and your team have decided to use quality function deployment on your new project. The first step you should use is to... a. Determine the voice of the customer b. Build the house of quality c. Address the functional requirements and how best to meet them d. Hold a focus group of prequalified stakeholders

a. Determine the voice of the customer - Quality function development is an example of facilitation technique for determining characteristics of new product development. It begins by collecting the customers needs and being the voice of the customer.

37. The project scope statement is important in scope control because it— a. Is a critical component of the scope baseline b. Provides information on project performance c. Alerts the project team to issues that may cause problems in the future d. Is expected to change throughout the project

a. Is a critical component of the scope baseline - A key input to the Control Scope process.

29. You are preparing the requirements management plan. One component of this plan you want to include is... a. Metrics to use b. A set of procedures by which project scope and product scope may be changed c. Requirements traceability matrix d. Requirements documentation

a. Metrics to use - The requirements management plan defines how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed which is rationalized with metrics.

12. Assume you are preparing the scope statement for your project. In it, you are describing the project's deliverables, assumptions, and constraints. You also want to include— a. Project exclusions b. The business need c. Stakeholder expectations d. Project management methodology

a. Project exclusions - Define what is excluded from the project to clarify out of scope work to manage stakeholder expectations and to reduce future scope creep.

1. Progressive elaboration of product characteristics on your project must be coordinated carefully with the— a. Project scope definition b. Project stakeholders c. Scope change control system d. Custom er's strategic plan

a. Project scope definition - It elaborates the characteristics of the product, service, or result as defined in the charter and requirements documents. The scope statement describes the project's scope, major deliverables and constraints which includes both project and product scope.

26. One approach that can be used to detect the impact of any change from the scope baseline on the project objectives is— a. Requirements traceability matrix b. Review of formal and informal scope control processes and guidelines c. A formal configuration management plan d. Well-documented requirements

a. Requirements traceability matrix - Detects the impact of any change or deviation from the scope baseline to the project objectives.

30. Your project is expected to last 6 years. You expect new technologies to occur in that timeframe that may lead to changes in the scope of your product, which will then affect the scope of your project. Therefore to help you, you should prepare a... a. Requirements traceability matrix b. Requirements prioritization process c. Configuration management system d. Requirements management plan

a. Requirements traceability matrix - It helps ensure the requirements add business value and are not just unnecessary features as each requirement is linked to the business and project objectives.

31. Your customer signed off on the requirements document and the scope statement for project. The customer would now like to add additional scope to the project. This represents a requested scope change that at a minimum... a. Should be reviewed according to the Perform Integrated Change Control process b. Results in a change to all project baselines c. Requires adjustments to cost, time, quality, and other objectives d. Results in a lesson learned

a. Should be reviewed according to the Perform Integrated Change Control process - The change should be processed first before actions such as updates to the scope baseline and schedule.

23. You have a project to make your organization a product that is comfortable with using disruptive technologies which was approved. Now you are working your scope statement as you do so, it is helpful to consider... a. The assumption log b. Project life cycle definition c. Marketplace conditions d. Development approach

a. The assumption log - Assumptions are factors that are considered to be true, real, or certain without proof. The assumptions log is an input to the Define Scope process.

39. How is a context diagram used? a. To depict product scope b. To trace requirements as part of the traceability matrix c. To develop the scope management plan d. To develop the requirements management plan

a. To depict product scope - Visually depicts the product scope as it shows business systems and how people interact with it.

14. You want to structure your project so that each project team member has a discrete work package to perform. The work package is a— a. Work defined at the lowest level of the WBS b. Task with a unique identifier c. Required level of reporting d. Task that can be assigned to more than one organizational unit

a. Work defined at the lowest level of the WBS - Used to estimate and manage the cost and duration of the work defined at this level.

10. Your team used a bill of materials to define the project's work components instead of a WBS. The customer found a needed scope change. A change request was written to define a deliverable. This is an example of a change request that is required because it is a result of... a. An external event b. A change to the scope baseline c. A value-adding change d. An error or omission in defining the scope of the project

b. A change to the scope baseline - Using a BOM instead of a WBS may result in ill-defined scope and subsequent change requests. The scope baseline consists of the scope statement, the WBS and the WBS dictionary. Since there is no WBS, the scope baseline will be affected.

8. Assume you and your team prepared your project's scope statement, and it was approved by your sponsor and your governance committee. However, you also need to update some project documents as an output of the Define Scope process. One example is— a. Value engineering b. Assumptions log c. WBS Dictionary d. Change log

b. Assumptions log - Becomes and output after the scope is determined as all the assumptions and constraints and reviewed and accepted.

36. You have prepared the WBS for your project. The company wants you to use an Agile approach and feels a WBS is unnecessary. However, with agile the difference is... a. Different levels of decomposition can be used b. Epics are decomposed into user stories c. The WBS is represented as a hierarchical breakdown d. The project management element is not included because of the close customer collaboration

b. Epics are decomposed into user stories - An epic is a large amount of work with a common objective with examples a customer request or a feature. It defines users needs.

21. You are preparing a WBS to show the magnitude and complexity of the work. No WBS templates are available to you. Your first step in preparing the WBS should be to... a. Determine the cost and duration estimates for each project deliverable b. Identify and analyze the deliverables and related work c. Identify the components of each project deliverable d. Determine the key tasks to be performed

b. Identify and analyze the deliverables and related work - The first step in the decomposition of a project, a tool and technique in the Create WBS process. Decomposition divides the scope and deliverables into smaller parts that are more manageable.

18. You are preparing your WBS for the project with a large number of contractors and you have completed the scope statement. In your WBS, the most effective approach is to... a. Link the WBS to the bill of materials b. Integrate subcomponents c. Use your organization's template d. Focus on major deliverables

b. Integrate subcomponents - The key words are the number of contractors on the project. The WBS is developed by integrating subcomponents that are developed from outside your team.

20. You and your team choose a voting process to rank the most useful ideas for further prioritization. This approach is known as... a. Brainstorming b. Nominal group technique c. Delphi technique d. Affinity diagram

b. Nominal group technique - enhances brainstorming with a voting process which is used to rank ideas.

3. The first step in the Project Scope Management process is to... a. Clearly distinguish between project scope and product scope b. Prepare a scope management plan c. Define and document your stakeholders' needs to meet the project's objectives d. Prepare your requirements documentation

b. Prepare a scope management plan - It documents how project scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled and validated.

9. The document to evaluate whether requests for changes or additional work are contained within or outside the project's exclusion is provided by the— a. Project management plan b. Project scope statement c. Project scope management plan d. WBS dictionary

b. Project scope statement - Includes project exclusions which identify what is excluded from the project to help manage stakeholder expectations and to reduce scope creep.

35. You are collecting the requirements for your project to eliminate the possibility of later scope creep. you want to obtain early feedback on the requirements, and have decided the most appropriate tool and technique is... a. Interviews b. Prototypes c. Brainstorming d. Requirements management plan

b. Prototypes - Useful to obtain early feedback on requirements with stakeholders involvement.

11. Collecting requirements is critical in project scope management. You began to develop the WBS and found it useful to review the... a. Scope management plan b. Requirements documentation c. Requirements management plan d. Requirements traceability matrix

b. Requirements documentation - In preparing the WBS, you should review two project documents: requirements documentation to show how the detailed requirements define how individual requirements meet the project's business need, and the project scope statement.

25. You have had some change requests on your project and processed them. You also need to update which of the following documents? a. Scope management plan b. Requirements traceability matrix c. WBS d. Scope statement

b. Requirements traceability matrix - It may need updates to reflect changes in requirements documents.

17. As a project manager, you want to minimize changes on the project. Uncontrolled changes are often referred to as... a. Rework b. Scope creep c. Configuration items d. Emergency changes

b. Scope creep - Scope creep adds changes without adjustments to time, cost or resources. Scope control ensures all requested changes and recommended preventative/corrective actions are processed through the Perform Integrate Change Control Process.

34. You and your team are documenting requirements on your project to control fatigue as people need to work more hours to keep up with the competition. You decided to set up categories for the requirements on your project. Temporary capabilities are an example of— a. Stakeholder requirements b. Transition requirements c. Project requirements d. Business requirements

b. Transition requirements - Temporary capabilities needed to transition from the current to future state.

2. You are examining multiple scope change requests and are assessing the impact of these changes. You need to compare the requests to which project document? a. Preliminary scope statement b. WBS c. Change management plan d. Scope management plan

b. WBS - Along with approved scope statement, defines the project's scope baseline which provides the basis for any changes that may occur on the project.

40. You are establishing a PMO that will have a project management information system that will be an online repository of all program data. You will collect descriptions of all work components for each project under the PMO's jurisdiction. This information will form an integral part of the— a. Chart of accounts b. WBS dictionary c. WBS structure template d. Earned value management reports

b. WBS dictionary - Includes code of accounts identifier, a description of work, assumptions and constraints, responsible organization, schedule milestones, schedule activities, required resources, cost estimates, quality requirements, acceptance criteria, technical references.

27. Throughout the project, you are focusing on the Monitoring and Controlling process, which include Control Scope. You have processed some change requests and now also need to update some parts of the project management plan, one of which is the— a. Requirements management plan b. Lessons-learned register c. Cost baseline d. Requirements documents

c. Cost baseline - Changes in the cost baseline are incorporated if there are approved scope changes. Changes in resources or cost estimates will also have an effect.

7. You are working to define your project's scope, and have a large team plus interested stakeholders. A tool and technique that may be helpful is... a. Sensitivity analysis b. Decision trees c. Facilitation d. Lateral thinking

c. Facilitation - Helps obtain a cross functional and common understanding between the large number of interested stakeholders who may have different views on the project deliverables and boundaries.

4. An example of an organizational process asset that could affect how project scope is to be managed is— a. Personnel administration b. Marketplace conditions c. Historical information d. Organizational culture

c. Historical information - Organizational process assets that can influence Plan Scope Management include formal and informal policies, procedures, and guidelines.

32. While the Validate Scope process has some similarities with the Control Quality process, a key benefit of Validate Scope is— a. It formalizes acceptance of the project's deliverables b. It decreases the number of change requests c. It brings objectivity to the acceptance process d. It reduces the need for product reviews

c. It brings objectivity to the acceptance process - The two key benefits of the validate scope process are that it brings objectivity to the acceptance process and it increases the probability of final product acceptance as it validates each deliverable.

6. A key tool and technique used in Define Scope is— a. Templates, forms, and standards b. Decomposition c. Multi-criteria decision analysis d. Project management methodology

c. Multi-criteria decision analysis - Utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach to establish criteria, and it may include requirements, schedule, budget and resources. The purpose is to help-refine the product and project scope.

38. The product scope description is documented as part of the project's scope statement. It is important to include it because it— a. Facilitates the project acceptance process b. Describes specific constraints associated with the project c. Progressively elaborates characteristics d. Shows various alternatives considered

c. Progressively elaborates characteristics - The product scope statement is a key component as it expands on the level of detail in the project charter. The project scope statement describes the deliverables ad the work required to create them. They are both progressively elaborated during the project.

22. You want to avoid scope creep and your sponsor has asked for regular reports as to how the project is performing according to the scope baseline. You decide to use... a. Variance analysis b. Inspection and peer review results c. Work performance information d. The impact analysis results of proposed change requests

c. Work performance information - An output of the Control Scope process which includes correlated and contextualized information on how the scope is performing against the scope baseline.

19. In Control Scope it is important to determine the cause of any unacceptable variance relative to the scope baseline. This can be done through— a. Root-cause analysis b. Control charts c. Inspections d. Data analysis

d. Data analysis - a tool of Control Scope. It consists of variance analysis and trend analysis. Trend analysis evaluates project performance over time to assess if performance is improving or is deteriorating.

28. Validate Scope is performed throughout the project. However, there are several outputs from the Validate Scope process, one of which is— a. Inspection reports b. Voting results c. Work performance data d. Deliverables that have not been formally accepted

d. Deliverables that have not been formally accepted - In the Validate Scope process, change requests are an output that includes documentation of the completed deliverables that have not been documented and the reasons why they were not accepted.

24. Validate scope— a. Improves cost and schedule accuracy, particularly on projects using innovative techniques or technology b. Is the last activity performed on a project before handoff to the customer c. Documents the characteristics of the product, service, or result that the project was undertaken to create d. Differs from Perform Quality Control in that Validate Scope is concerned with the acceptance—not the correctness—of the deliverables

d. Differs from Perform Quality Control in that Validate Scope is concerned with the acceptance—not the correctness—of the deliverables

5. You must ensure that project work results in delivering the project's scope. You should measure the completion of the product scope against the... a. Scope management plan b. Business requirements c. Solution requirements d. Requirements management plan

d. Requirements management plan - Completion of the project scope is measured against the project management plan. Completion of the product scope is measured against the requirements.

33. Modifications may be needed to the WBS and WBS dictionary because of approved change requests, which shows that— a. Replanning is an output of Control Scope b. Scope creep is common on projects c. Rebaselining will be necessary d. Updates are needed to the scope baseline

d. Updates are needed to the scope baseline - If approved change requests have an effect on the project scope, then the WBS, WBS Dictionary, and scope statement need to be revised.