Section review 9.3
1
The mucous membrane and the alkaline mucus that the intrinsic factor secretes provides protection to the stomach from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid.
Colon
Helps the small intestine absorbs a certain amount of digested food
Vermiform appendix
A small finger like structure
Chyme
A thick liquid in the stomach
Lacteals
A tube like vessel in the center of each villas
Urea
A waste substance removed from the bloodstream by the kidneys
Apply 6
Because of the muscles movements
Apply 5
Because they are in many juices which help digest food
Identify 6
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Microvilli
Find extensions of the cell membrane of the epithelial cell
2
Hydrochloric acid softens food, kills bacteria, and reacts with certain minerals, making them soluble so they can be better absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. It also provides an acid medium that pepsin requires to begin the digestion of proteins. On one end of each bile salt molecule is soluble in fat and the other end is soluble in water. In the small intestine, fat molecules link themselves to the fat soluble ends of bile salt molecules. This linkage breaks large droplets into smaller droplets to expose a greater surface area for digestive enzymes to attack
4
It is produced by the pancreas and neutralizes the hydrocholeric acid secreted by the gastric glands
Large intestine
Larger in diameter than the small intestine but much shorter
Ileum
Longest part of the small intestine
Gastric juice
Mucus, hydrocholeric acid, and gastric enzyme's combined form this
Pancreas
Produces pancreatic juice and secretes this juice into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct
5
Salivary amylase continues to digest until the gastric juices secreted by cells in the stomach walls penetrate the softened food mass, destrying the salivary amylase. Peristaltic movement in the stomach and gastric juice secretions reduce the semisolid bolus to a thick liquid called chyme. The pyloric sphincter keeps the food in the stomach into the food has been sufficiently mixed with gastric juice and is ready to enter the small intestine. The liver produces a greenish colored substance called bile. Which is secreted from the liver and stored in the saclike gallbladder beneath the liver. Bile salts help with the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice and secretes this juice into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct. The intestinal glands of the small intestine produce intestinal juice. As the stomach contents of enter the duodenum, the pancreas, liver, and gallbldder add there secretions tot he chyme via ducts form the pancreas and gallbladder. . Food is made available to the body by absorption. Villi absorb difested food. Amino acids, glyceril, simple sugars, vitamins, and minerals move through the epithelial cells of the Villi into the capillaries and are carried away by the bloodstream. Fats enter the lacteal which eventually emties into the bloodstream. The large intestine is divided into the cecum colon and rectum. The cecum possesses a small finger like structure called the vermiform appendix. The colon helps the small intestine absorb a certain amount of digested food. The rectum stkres undigestible foods that lass through the digestive system. The anus extricates the feces from the body.
Glucagon
Signals the liver to convert glycogen back into glucose and release the glucose into the bloodstream
Gallbladder
Stores bile from the liver
Duodenum
The 1st 10 inches of the small intestine
6
The amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Fats enter the lacteal which eventually empties into the bloodstream
7
The insulin signals the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen thus a lack of insulin would make the bloodstream have high levels of glucose. Having to much insulin would take out ot mich glucose from the bloodstream thus making the blood low and glucose
Emulsification
The linkage of fat molecules to the fat soluble into the bile salt molecules which breaks large droplets into smaller droplets
Jejunum
The middle section of the small intestine
3
The small intestine
Explain 7
To digest and absorb
Feces
Undigestible materials that pass through the digestive system
Anus
Valve that closes the rectum and serves as the digestive track second opening to the exterior