Section review 9.3

1

The mucous membrane and the alkaline mucus that the intrinsic factor secretes provides protection to the stomach from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid.

Colon

Helps the small intestine absorbs a certain amount of digested food

Vermiform appendix

A small finger like structure

Chyme

A thick liquid in the stomach

Lacteals

A tube like vessel in the center of each villas

Urea

A waste substance removed from the bloodstream by the kidneys

Apply 6

Because of the muscles movements

Apply 5

Because they are in many juices which help digest food

Identify 6

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Microvilli

Find extensions of the cell membrane of the epithelial cell

2

Hydrochloric acid softens food, kills bacteria, and reacts with certain minerals, making them soluble so they can be better absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. It also provides an acid medium that pepsin requires to begin the digestion of proteins. On one end of each bile salt molecule is soluble in fat and the other end is soluble in water. In the small intestine, fat molecules link themselves to the fat soluble ends of bile salt molecules. This linkage breaks large droplets into smaller droplets to expose a greater surface area for digestive enzymes to attack

4

It is produced by the pancreas and neutralizes the hydrocholeric acid secreted by the gastric glands

Large intestine

Larger in diameter than the small intestine but much shorter

Ileum

Longest part of the small intestine

Gastric juice

Mucus, hydrocholeric acid, and gastric enzyme's combined form this

Pancreas

Produces pancreatic juice and secretes this juice into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct

5

Salivary amylase continues to digest until the gastric juices secreted by cells in the stomach walls penetrate the softened food mass, destrying the salivary amylase. Peristaltic movement in the stomach and gastric juice secretions reduce the semisolid bolus to a thick liquid called chyme. The pyloric sphincter keeps the food in the stomach into the food has been sufficiently mixed with gastric juice and is ready to enter the small intestine. The liver produces a greenish colored substance called bile. Which is secreted from the liver and stored in the saclike gallbladder beneath the liver. Bile salts help with the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice and secretes this juice into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct. The intestinal glands of the small intestine produce intestinal juice. As the stomach contents of enter the duodenum, the pancreas, liver, and gallbldder add there secretions tot he chyme via ducts form the pancreas and gallbladder. . Food is made available to the body by absorption. Villi absorb difested food. Amino acids, glyceril, simple sugars, vitamins, and minerals move through the epithelial cells of the Villi into the capillaries and are carried away by the bloodstream. Fats enter the lacteal which eventually emties into the bloodstream. The large intestine is divided into the cecum colon and rectum. The cecum possesses a small finger like structure called the vermiform appendix. The colon helps the small intestine absorb a certain amount of digested food. The rectum stkres undigestible foods that lass through the digestive system. The anus extricates the feces from the body.

Glucagon

Signals the liver to convert glycogen back into glucose and release the glucose into the bloodstream

Gallbladder

Stores bile from the liver

Duodenum

The 1st 10 inches of the small intestine

6

The amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Fats enter the lacteal which eventually empties into the bloodstream

7

The insulin signals the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen thus a lack of insulin would make the bloodstream have high levels of glucose. Having to much insulin would take out ot mich glucose from the bloodstream thus making the blood low and glucose

Emulsification

The linkage of fat molecules to the fat soluble into the bile salt molecules which breaks large droplets into smaller droplets

Jejunum

The middle section of the small intestine

3

The small intestine

Explain 7

To digest and absorb

Feces

Undigestible materials that pass through the digestive system

Anus

Valve that closes the rectum and serves as the digestive track second opening to the exterior