set 23
What is the y-intercept in the equation y=¼x+4
4
Simplify (7p - 8)(7p + 8)
49p²-64
Simplify (2k + 3)(2k² - 4k - 5)
4k³ - 2k² - 22k - 15
Simplify (2m² - 6)(2m² + 6)
4m⁴ - 36
Simplify (2x - 6)²
4x² - 24x + 36
Factor 6a² -12a + 6
6(a- 1)²
Samuel Adams
American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence
What is welfare capitalism?
A approach to labor relations in which employers raised wages and provided benefits such as paid vacations, health plans, recreation programs, and English classed for immigrant to strengthen company loyalty and morale.
Where is the term muckraker from?
A book in which one character was too busy raking filth on the ground to lift his eyes to heaven.
Besides electricity, what did Edison develop to improve in-home lighting?
A central power station to replace personal generators
amendment
A change to the Constitution
magna carta
A charter of liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England by his rebellious barons at Runnymede in 1215.
loyalist
American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence.
republic
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
federal government
A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments.
inflation
A general and progressive increase in prices
stock market
A general term used to describe all transactions involving the buying and selling of stock shares issued by a company.
militia
A group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
patriot
American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won
political party
A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
Nathanael Greene
American general who commanded the Continental army in the South
Benjamin Franklin
American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
John Paul Jones
American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight."
Phillis Wheatley
American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784)
containment
American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
Betsy Ross
American seamstress said to have made the first American flag at the request of George Washington (1752-1836)
Paul Revere
American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)
Hessians
American slang for the German troops under British command
Battle of Saratoga
American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.
Colony
A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.
electoral college
A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
What is a trust?
A group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single managing board.
plantation
A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
Prohibition
A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages
prohibition
A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages 18
draft
A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military
Overall, receiving a higher education for woman was? A- Impossible B- A struggle C- Easy if they were smart enough
B- For women getting access to state institutions was a struggle no matter their education level, but it wasn't impossible.
(B+3)/7=(b-3)/6
B: 39
14. State the rule for raising a fraction to a power.
BOTH the numerator and denominator are raised to the power separately.
vice president
Back-up president. Only constitutional role = President of Senate & casts tie-breaker vote in Senate. Typically selected to increase odds in election (Biden experience & foreign policy; Palin youth & Tea Party)
What was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
A law that created a Civil Service Commission which classified goverment jobs and tests applicants' fitness for them.
In America, the over-production of food and goods led to what?
Depressions and financial panics
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?
A law that outlawed any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce.
What did fundamentalists work for (in schools)?
A law that would ban the teaching of evolution in public schools
What was the de Lome letter?
A letter from a Spanish ambassador to Washington criticizing McKinley (the president).
What was the Zimmerman note?
A letter in which Germany offered an alliances with Mexico
What is a patent?
A license that gave an inventor the exclusive right to make, use or sell an invention for a set period of time.
rationing
A limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use
Confederacy
A loose union of independent states
civilian conservation corps
A major public works program in the United States during the Great Depression.
Who was Bernard Gitlow?
A man convicted by the state of New York for publishing calls to overthrow the government by force.
What was "Looking Backward" about?
A man who went under hypnosis in 1887 and woke up in 2000 and everything was better and America was a utopia.
The replacement of iron rails with steel rails promoting the growth of the steel industry is an example of what?
A manner in which the railroad stimulated other industries.
What is an oligopoly?
A market dominated by only a few large firms
What is a monopoly?
A market entirely controlled by one company
Red Scare
A period of general fear of communists
What was the western expansion?
A period of time when the people spread west, colonial population increased rapidly, and more immigrants came to America.
conservative
A person who believes government power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom.
refugee
A person who flees to a foreign country for safety
mission
A person who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others
What is the Morse code?
A system of short and long electrical impulses that represent the letters of the alphabet.
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Intersecting Lines
A system whose equations have different slopes will graph ___________________.
Coinciding Lines
A system whose equations have the same slope, and the same y-intercept will graph ___________________.
What is "Gilded Age"?
A term coined by Mark Twain to describe the post- Reconstruction era, it represented the "glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty and corruption of society.
federalist
A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.
Communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
domino theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
What mistakes did Johnson make concerning Confederate leaders?
Despite officially denying pardons to leaders, Johnson personally pardoned over 13,000 Confederates.
In general, did African American colleges accept women?
Generally, A.A schools would accept women as well as men though the number remained small still because scholarships usually went to men.
Migration
Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.
migration
Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.
Who was DeSoto?
Found the Gulf coast region
Russia was allied with what European power?
France
4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
What were the four freedoms Africans Americans were given?
Freedom of movement, to own land, to worship, and to learn
From who to who was the potato exchanged?
From the New World to Europe
In 1853, just after the Mexican war, what land did America acquire?
Gadsen Purchase; New Mexico and Arizona
What did the Freedmen's Bureau do to help African Americans?
Gave out clothing, medical supplies, and millions of meals. As well, more than 250,000 African American students received their first educations in bureau schools.
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
How were laws concerning slaves taken care of ?
Generally, each region would have their own set of law concerning slaves.
Who is credited with inventing alternating current?
George Westinghouse
Which countries were in the Central Powers?
Germany and Austria- Hungry
What was the Van Schlieffen plan?
Germany's plan to take out the French first in Paris and then fight Russia rather than split their forces and fight on two fronts.
What was Harding's downfall?
Giving jobs to friends
What is Bullion?
Gold and silver
deficit spending
Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
In the quotation "the sun never sets on the **** empire," which country is this referring to?
Great Britain
What was the result of Stalin's tactics?
Great famine
framers
Group of delegates who drafted the United States Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention in 1787
Which president claimed the need for normalcy?
Harding
Who was Albert B. Fall?
Harding's secretary of the Interior who secretly gave oil drilling rights to private companies
congress
Has the power to ratify treaties and delcare war, and the powere to make laws.
Who was Vasco Nunez Balboa?
He discovered the Pacific Ocean off of Panama
Booker T. Washington's view was for African Americans to put aside their desire for political equality and focus on what?
He said to focus on building economic security through vocational skills.
Why wad Alexander Kerensky forgone for more radical ideas?
His pledge to stay in the European war
*What were the Crusades?
Holy wars that took place between 1096 and 1291 because of Muslims from Turkey seizing Jerusalem.
Which Massachusetts resident worked to reform public schools?
Horace Mann
Infinite Solutions
How many solutions does the following system have? y = 6x + 4 2y = 12x + 8
One point
How many solutions does the following system have? y = 2x + 3 y = 5x + 3
No Solutions
How many solutions does the following system have? y= 3x + 2 y= 3x - 5
laissez faire
Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs
propaganda
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
Solve the equation. If identity write identity if no solution write no solution. 3(h-4)=1/2(24-6h)
Identity (infinitely many solutions)
Mother Jones helped to form what group?
International Workers of the World (IWW)
Who is credited with keeping America from war with France?
John Adams
What happened at Harper's Ferry?
John Brown ran a misplaced attack which had little support since many of the African Americans he was attempting to "free" were already free.
Who formed the Standard Oil Company?
John D Rockefeller
What is one major example of a trust?
John D. Rockefeller and his oil company, Standard Oil combined their operations with oil refineries under a board of trustees.
grapes of wrath
John Steinbeck's novel about a struggling farm family during the Great Depression. Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America
Which two men did this competition between newspaper involve?
Joseph PULITZER and William Randolph HEARST
Who followed Lenin in the leading of the Soviet Union?
Joseph Stalin
Flag Resolution
June 14, 1777, the making of the official U.S. flag
What was Florence Kelley's main focus in her reform work?
Labor conditions for workers and child labor
Florida Acquisition
Land acquired from Spain after American troops entered with force
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
What laws made organizing slave rebellions so difficult?
Laws restricting movement
What were Blacks Codes?
Laws that restricted recently freed men's rights
Louis Armstrong
Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.
congress
Legislative Branch
branches of government
Legislative branch, Executive Branch, Judicial Branch
What caused the poor economic state at the end of Reconstruction?
Legislatures taxed and spent heavily, putting more debt on the South. As well, a economic downturn occurred in 1873, distracting from the Reconstruction efforts.
Who are two wealthy men who founded/funded colleges?
Leland Stanford and his wife founded Stanford University John D. Rockefeller made donations to the University of Chicago upwards of $75 million
What did the advertisements of the 1920s generally focus on?
Less about the product and more how it would enhance the consumer's image/life/being
Who improved Edison's method for producing the filament in light bulbs?
Lewis Latimer.
W. E. B Du Bois told African Americans to step forward and lead their people towards equal rights, what skills did he believe were needed for this?
Liberal Arts education
What are perpendicular lines?
Lines that form right angles. The m for one line will be the opposite reciprocal.
What is a parallel line?
Lines with same slope and different y-intercepts that never intercept
How would people in 1865 light their homes after the sun had set?
Lit candles or oil lamps (If they could afford them)
Fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).
What British cruise ship was sunk by the a German U-boat containing Americans and causing a great outcry?
Lustania
Solve the compound inequality 5m<-10 or 3m>9
M<-2 or n>3
What effect did electricity have on the nature of the workplace?
Made work cheaper and more efficent
What does Bolsheviks mean?
Majority
legislative branch
Makes the laws
What duties then fell onto Congress to complete?
Making the laws and carrying our and enforcing them
What did Columbus's voyages change?
Maps and they brought upon a new era of transatlantic trade known as the Columbian Exchange.
Molly Pitcher
Mary Ludwig Hayes, brought water to soldiers at Monmouth
naval stores
Materials used to build and maintain ships, such as tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine
oath of office
Oath taken by the president on the day he takes office, pledging to "faithfully execute" the office and "preserve, protect, and defend" the constitution
black Thursday
October 24, 1929; stock market crashes and almost 13 million shares are sold that day alone
What was Black Tuesday?
October 29th, a record number of 16.4 shares were sold compared with the 4-8 million average earlier in the year.
John Steinback
Of Mice and Men Wrote The Grapes of Wrath depicting the depression through a family's journey west from Oklahoma.
Colonization
One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit
smoot-hawley tariff
One of Herbert Hoover's earliest efforts to protect the nation's farmers following the onset of the Great Depression. Tariff raised rates to an all-time high.
What was Songhai like?
One of its monarchs, Askia Muhammad, created a complex government with separate governments and a bureaucracy. Its capital was a center of learning, mostly religion.
What is a Consumer Economy?
One that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers
What is a robber baron?
One who built their fortune by stealing from the public.
How many branches did the nation government created by the Articles have?
Only one, legislature, or Congress
Who did the American Federation of Labor represent?
Only skilled workers
**How did Native Americans preserve their beliefs and customs?
Oral history: elders told stories, sang songs, and provided instructions for ceremonies to young people
Public Works Administration
PWA, 1933, Built large scale public works, dams, bridges, warships, hospitals, and schools
What ended the Palmer raids?
Palmer's claims that May 1, an annual Socialist holiday honoring laborer organizations and workers, a nation wide strike would occur and there would be widespread bombings, when he was wrong the press turned on him and America lost faith in his movement.
*How did England try to control the colonies?
Passing the Navigation Act (required colonies to only sell certain goods to England and pay a tax if they wanted to sell to foreign countries) and creating the Dominion of New England which abolished colonial legislatures.
John Hancock
Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.
What reasons caused Nativism to re-appear?
Patriotism (believed foreigners could never be fully loyal) Religion (Most Protestants mistrusted other religions) Urban Conditions (Blamed the problems in cities on the immigrants within them) Jobs (feared immigrants would take jobs) Red Scare (Believed immigrants were more likely to be communist)
What is the meaning of Philanthropist?
People who give donations to worthy causes
*How did the colonies obtain labor for their plantations?
People who wanted to cross America but didn't have enough money became indentured servants.
national youth administration
(FDR) , (NYA)1935, provided education jobs counseling and recreation for young people. part time positions at schools for students allowed for aid in h.s. college and grad school. part time jobs for drop outs
social security act
(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
Trail of Tears
(AJ) , The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(Glass-Steagall Act) FDIC, 1933, Imposed banking reforms, created to protect/encourage workers to invest in banks. (if banks fail you will get money back)
x²−2
(x+√2)(x−√2)
x²−3
(x+√3)(x−√3)
x³+3x²−5x−15
(x+√5)(x-√5)(x+3)
x²−5
(x+√5)(x−√5)
x³+x²−6x−6
(x+√6)(x-√6)(x+1)
x²−6
(x+√6)(x−√6)
What is 72% of 150?
108
Simplify (2h -4)(5h+6)
10h²-8h-24
26. Simplify. 5n(2n⁴ - 3n³ + 7n²)
10n⁵ - 15n⁴ + 35n³
Simplify (4u³ + 8u² + 3) + (8u³ - 3u + 4)
12u³ + 8u² - 3u + 7
What two amendments were successes under Reconstruction?
14th and 15th
What was the Kellog- Briand Pact
15 nations pledged not to use the threat of war in their dealings, though this didn't work well since they then had no way of enforcement.
Simplify 5a²(3a⁴ + 3b + 2)
15a⁶ + 15a²b + 10a²
When was the first successful colony?
1607- Jamestown
Simplify (4c + 5d)²
16c² + 40cd +25d²
Simplify 8xy(2x² +5x - 3y)
16x³y + 40 x²y - 24 xy²
When was the French Indian war?
1750s- 1760s (1754-1763)
Alexander Hamilton
1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.
What year's election resulted in a Federalists president and a Democratic Republican Vice- President?
1796
What reform ended the practice of state legislature choosing U.S senators
17th ammendment
What year's election resulted in a duel?
1800- Aaron Burr vs. Alexander Hamilton
Louisiana Purchase
1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.
Texas Annexation
1845. Originally refused in 1837, as the U.S. Government believed that the annexation would lead to war with Mexico. Texas remained a sovereign nation. Annexed via a joint resolution through Congress, supported by President-elect Polk, and approved in 1845. Land from the Republic of Texas later bacame parts of NM, CO, OK, KS, and WY.
Mexican Cession
1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles.
California Gold Rush
1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country and world to San Francisco; arrival of the Chinese; increased pressure on fed gov. to establish a stable gov. in CA
Homestead
1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.
Oregon Trail
2000 mile long path along which thousands of Americans journeyed to the Willamette Valley in the 1840's.
Solve. 9=6a-3a
3
Base
3 is the repeated factor.
federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC)
(FDI) A United States government corporation created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. It provides deposit insurance, which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks, currently up to $250,000 per depositor per bank
What was the Northwest Passage?
trading route from Europe to Asia through North America
What social welfare programs did Progressives promote?
unemployment benefits, accident and health insurance, and social security
geographic region
used when describing regions with similar cultural, locational and environmental circumstances.
What is a political machine?
well organized political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes
Write the slope-intercept form of the equation through (-1,4) and (0,2)
y=-2x+2
Write the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line through (0,4) with a slope of 2.
y=2x+4
Write the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line through (1,4) with a slope of 5.
y=5x-1
Under which operation(s) are polynomials closed?
Polynomials are closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication.
franklin D. roosevelt
President. Started the New Deal programs. Visited Warm Spring to help his polio. President during WWII (died before war ended).
What caused over-speculation?
Speculators bought stocks with borrowed money and then used those stocks as collateral to buy more stocks, when the stock market then crashed no one would receive any money neither loaner or loan-ee.
What major company did John D Rockefeller form?
Standard Oil Company.
What was the results of the Dred Scott Decision?
Stated slaves had no rights and that they were property
What happened with the Munn v. Illinois case?
States were allowed to regulate certain business within their borders, including railroads.
What did Lincoln's plan lack in the requirements of the state constitutions?
States were not required to give voting rights to black Americans
W. E. B Du Bois urged African Americans to do what?
Step forward and lead their people towards political and social equality and civil rights.
What is imperialism
Stronger nations attempting to create empires by dominating weaker nations- economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.
What is a "Dumbbell tenement"?
Structures, usually six to eight stories tall, that were jammed tightly against one another to accommodate from twenty-four to thirty-two families per building; so-called because housing codes required a two-foot wide air shaft between buildings, giving the structure the appearance of a dumbbell when viewed from overhead.
Tennessee Valley Authorization
TVA, 1933, Tennessee Valley Area, provided manufacturing services, electricity, and built dams to help drier parts of land
What was Woodrow Wilson's first major victory (as president)?
Tariff reduction
What were two major strikes in 1919?
Telephone operators in New England Machinists in Ohio Construction workers in Texas
Which state passed a ban on the teaching of evolution?
Tennessee
What tactics did Stalin use to coerce the people onto collectivized farms?
Terror
What was the theory of evolution?
That human beings and other living things developed over time from simpler life forms.
What was the belief of the American people concerning expansion?
That it was their divine mission to spread liberty across the continent from Atlantic to Pacific
What did the 25th amendment state?
That no citizen could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What did this expanded fleet suggest of the United States?
That we were willing and able to confront an enemy on the sea
What failure was not solved with the Freedmen's Bureau and other such groups?
The circle of poverty many poor whites and African Americans were caught in.
What would the winner of the war receive?
The control of the fur trade and possibly to Mississippi river to New Orleans
What is mass production?
Production in great amounts.
consumer goods
Products people buy for personal use
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act do?
Prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country.
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Hoover referred to what as a "noble experiment?"
Prohibition
federal project number one
Provided work for artists, writers, musicians, and actors, while nourishing younger people on the path towards the arts
How did public schools help with the assimilation of new immigrants?
Public school teachers taught about American cultural values, how to cook traditional American foods, and play American games.
What new activities did Capitalism inspire?
Questing world wide for riches (gold and silver) and A new merchant class
Rural Electrification Administration
REA, 1935, Bring electricity to rural areas (farmland)
What are anarchists?
Radicals who oppose all goverment.
transcontinental railroad
Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
How was the Clayton Antitrust Act different from the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Rather than just say trusts were illegal as the Sherman had done, the Clayton Antitrust act spelled out specific things big businesses could NOT do.
*How did the Spanish deal with the Native Americans?
Rather than trying to drive them out of their lands, they forced them to become a part of the colony (like the encomienda system in which a NA works for a Spaniard, who in return offers protection).
What was the outcome of the court case Muller vs. Oregon?
The court limited upheld that Oregon law that limited hours for female laundry workers to 10 a day.
What was the outcome of the Lochner vs. New York court case?
The court refused a law setting a maximum hour limit for bakers since they had no evidence that it was a public health risk.
What was Black Thursday?
The day investors began to sell, causing the stock prices to fall.
What is Balance of trade?
The difference in value between imports and exports should show more exports than imports
What is the discriminant?
The discriminant of the quadratic equation ax^2+bx+c=0 is D=b^2-4ac If D>0, then the equation has two distinct real solutions if D=0, then the equation has exactly one real solution if D<0, then the equation has no real solution
separation of powers
The division of powers among the different branches of government
What reform removed the limitation that allowed only courts and legislatures to remove corrupt officials?
Recall
What reform removed the practice of only legislators passing laws?
Referendum
Jacob Lawrence
Regionalist painter that learned his art in Harlem during the 1920s and used simple flat colorful shapes to tell stories of hopelessness
What are blue laws?
Regulations that prohibited certain private activities that some people considered immoral.
What was "slogan" of the Spanish- American war?
Remember the Maine!
What were the two major crops of South Carolina and Georgia?
Rice and indigo
5th Amendment
Right of Accused Persons/ Indictment of Grand Jury (1) No Self-Incrimination (Miranda) (2) No Double Jeopardy (defendant cannot be tried again on the same, or similar charges) (3) No deprivation of life liberty or property without "due process of law" (fair treatment) (4) Eminent domain
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
7th Amendment
Right to jury in civil trials.
Who was the Wisconsin reformer governor?
Robert M. La Follette "Fighting Bob"
Which countries were in the Allies?
Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain (and eventually USA)
Solve the equation: 7(s-5)=42
S=11
Securities and Exchange Commission
SEC, 1934, Enforced and regulates rules for the stock market
What were the main concerns of the Bolsheviks?
The end of the war and more rights/assets to the peasants [specifically to land]
cultural diffusion
The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.
Who funded the transcontinental railroad?
The federal goverment
How did Prohibition cause a sharper contrast between urban and rural areas?
The following of the new act question morals and those in urban area followed the new laws less than rural, challenging morals.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
The fundamentalists lawyer who volunteered to help prosecute Scopes
**What was a big industry for the French in North America?
The fur trade, which included clothing made of deer, beaver, etc.
Why did people flood to California in 1848?
The gold rush
What is civil service?
The goverment's non-elected workers
What was the major repercussion of the spoils system?
The government was overrun with unqualified, dishonest workers.
What rights did mercantilists believe should be reserved for the parent country?
The right to make goods for sale, in other words, colonies should only be allowed to buy and sell with their parent country.
How did the crash of the stock market affect everyone (in short)?
The ripple effect
commander in chief
The role of the president as supreme commander of the military forces of the United States and of the state National Guard units when they are called into federal service
What is the "Credit Mobilier Scandal?"
The scandal developed when Congress gave the Union Pacific railroad money for the transcontinental railroad, when the Union Pacific paid an outside company to build the actual tracks to overcharge the government and to put money in shareholders pockets.
What happened as a result of feudalism?
The system provided everything a feudal society needed, so trade links between Europe and foreign lands largely died out.
What scientific idea challenged fundamentalists?
The theory of evolution
What is mercantilism?
The theory that a country should try to get and keep as much bullion as possible
Social Security Act
SSA, 1935, Created social security system (a check when you get old)
What did TR do with the Great White Fleet?
Sailed it around to show off- what a showboat *buh-dum-crash!*
With what did Europeans trade North Africans?
Salt for gold.
The Alamo
Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out and a few weeks later Mexican troops massacred some 350 Teas prisoners.
What brutal behavior was common?
Scalping
What court case determined the government is justified in silencing free speech when there is a "clear and present danger"?
Schenck vs. US
What was Coolidge's response to the strike?
Sending in the state guard, "There is no right to strike against the public safety..."
segregation
Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Which country was blamed for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?
Serbia
Who was Cortez?
Set sail for Mexico in 1519 and burned his own boats to quell the mutiny stirring in his troops
What was Alaska eventually nicknamed?
Seward's Folly
What rebellion brought support to the Nationalists side?
Shays
Why did Southerners and Democrats support the annexation of Texas?
Since it would increase the number of slave states?
*Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony but the starving settlers gave up the first time and they disappeared the second time.
Bootleggers
Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era
What ideology did leaders of this day use to justify the takeover of other countries?
Social Darwinism (This makes me think of a really tough turtle conquering things~)
What were the four categories of Progressives?
Social, moral, economic, and political
What economic and political philosophy grew in the Progressive era?
Socialism
−4
Solve: x² + 8x + 16 = 0
±4
Solve: x² = 16
scalawag
Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction
discrimintaion
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people of things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex
**What was the Native American perspective of land?
They believed it could never be traded or owned, and that all nature should be respected.
**How did Europe go about producing American food?
They established plantations, using Native Americans to work until they realized that NAs were unfit for the job. Thus, they turned to African-Americans. Europe's need for slave labor transformed the West African slave trade into an industry.
What was one fear of many parents concerning women and schooling?
They feared it would make the women "too independent" or "un-marriageable"
Why did the Boston Police force strike?
They had not received a raise since before the war and 19 of their officers were fired for union activity
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
**Who was Portugal's competitor?
Spain. They wanted to surpass Portugal in sea routes and to bring Christianity to new lands, so their ships carried not only trade goods but missionaries as well.
***How did the Native Americans arrive at the Americas from Asia and why?
They migrated, crossing the Bering Strait (a land bridge) in search of food (they followed the animals).
How did Native Americans try to resist the Spanish?
They organized revolts, like the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
How did this belief in mercantilism affect English leaders?
They realized the potential in the Americas with colonies and then set out to have as many colonies as they could.
When faced with the Monroe Doctrine of the United States, why didn't Great Britain react with the use of force?
They recognized that America was a growing power and wanted to be on our good side for when Germany would rise to be more powerful.
What were some issues with Native American boarding schools?
They required the students to live far from their families and forced they to give up their language, manner of dress, customs, and culture.
Why did Congress criticize Lincoln's reconstruction plan?
They thought it was a threat to congressional authority and believed he should keep to his executive duties.
What switch occurred during the Progressive era concerning public utilities?
They went from being owned by monopolies to being owned by the city
Why would women often smoke and drink in public now, despite it being improper?
To express their new freedom
What was the KKK's main goal during Reconstruction?
To keep African Americans in the place of submissive laborers
secede
To leave or withdraw
Why would a manufacturing nation be imperialistic?
To open up new markets in which to sell their goods.
What were injunction often used to do?
To prevent workers from going on strike.
When a rebellion occurred in Brazil, naval units were sent to Rio de Janeiro to end the rebellion, What was the reason the US got involved?
To protect United States shipping interests in Brazil
Why did Mahan argue the US needed a strong navy?
To protect the new markets that were needed abroad.
Why did Europeans create feudalism?
To protect themselves from various threats (Examples: vikings from the north came to loot/burn villages, Muslim empire from the south spread across North Africa and Spain)
W. E. B Du Bois's advice to African Americans was what?
To seek advanced liberal arts education
**For what reasons did Spanish nobles and clergy want the voyages of Columbus to succeed?
To spread Christianity, trade for spices and herbs, and to possibly find an easier, western route that might give them advantage over Portugal.
What was the job of oil refineries?
To turn crude oil into kerosene.
What was the major drawback with where power lay with the Articles of Confederation
Too much power lay in the hands of citizens in their state legislatures, which made the federal government lesser.
The eventual stalemate in the war brought about which warfare technique?
Trenches
Who are Nicola Sacco and Bartholomeo Vanzetti?
Two anarchists charged with the death of a guard of a shoe factory without substantial evidence.
What were three major inventions of the time period between 1860-90?
Typewriter, telephone, and phonograph
Why were Native American slaves abandoned for West African slaves?
Unaccustomed to the type of work on plantations and weakened by English diseases, Native Americans would die, which created an unreliable work force.
What book was published in 1852 that caused a nation wide reaction?
Uncle Tom's Cabin; gave a new perspective to slavery and prompted emotion in response to a foggy subject for the first time (For the North). In The South, it was insulting to their way of life
Oregon Country
Under "joint occupation" by US & Britain; increased immigration & interest; missionaries failed to convert residing natives
What is the Open Door Policy?
United States would have equal access to China's consumers
What sort of people were *most common* participants in the gold rush?
Unmarried men and immigrants
shantytowns
Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.
What did Dollar Diplomacy even mean?
Using American investment in foreign economies
The First Virginia Constitution
Virginia signed its first constitution in 1776 upon the signing of the Declaration of Independence
What is the solution to the inequality? W+3>9
W>6
Works Progress Administration
WPA, 1935, created construction jobs for unskilled workers, provided jobs & funding for arts, movies, literature, etc.
With growing populations what public services surfaced?
Water, Schools, Health
How were colleges built and funded?
Wealthy Americans often endow (gave money or property to) institutions.
Graphing, Substitution, and Elimination
What are the different ways to solve a system of linear equations?
( 2, 7 )
What is the solution of the following system? y = x + 5 y = 2x + 3
y-intercept
When solving a system by graphing, (each equation is in slope-intercept form), what is the first point that you will plot from each equation?
What is the "Division of Labor"?
When tasks would be separated to be more efficient: Workers would each do the same task over and over.
war band
a low interest loan made by the citizens to the government to support the cost of war
Dearth
a scarcity or shortage of something
breadlines
a place where people could get free food
Trading Post
a place where people meet to trade goods
Paucity
a scarcity or shortage of something
Anti-Semitsim
a prejudice against jews
Cash Crop
a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco)
compromise
a settlement of differences in which each side gives up something
oral history
a spoken record of past events
Blockade
a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy
Which direction do you shade for the inequality y≥-x-3
above the line
What is the Red Fear?
an intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas
checks and balences
keeps one branch from having all the powers
Apathetic
lack of interest or concern
Indifferent
lack of interest or concern
works project administration
large federal employment program, established in 1935 under harry hopkins, that provided jobs in areas from road building to art
Solve the inequality. 0>4m-m
m<0
Solve the inequality. 2m+7>-3m+4m
m>-7
Solve the inequality. -90<3(3m-6)
m>-8
Sarcastic
mocking, taunting
Sardonic
mocking, taunting
Snide
mocking, taunting
securities and exchange commission (SEC)
monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds
Agrarian Society
most workers were farm workers and goods were made by hand at home
Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
progressive
moving forward; a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties
9. Simplify (m³/n)⁴
m¹²/n⁴
Solve the inequality. 6≥-2m-m
m≥-2
Solve the inequality. 7(1-4m)≤147
m≥-5
Is the following equation perpendicular or parallel or neither? Y=6x+2 Y=-1/6x+2
Perpendicular
Ford Model T
nicknamed the Tin Lizzie, most popular car in the twenties, The first legitimate car that was common among Americans (assembly line production, because there was so much demand for it)
8th Amendment
no cruel and unusual punishment
Solve the inequality. 6m+1>8+1+6m-8
no solution
Unconventional
not ordinary or typical
Unorthodox
not ordinary or typical
neutrality
policy of supporting neither side in a war
suburb
residential areas outside cities
unalienable rights
rights that cannot be taken away
president
ruler of the US
writ
scrib, script
black Tuesday
selling frenzy on the stock market. the bottom fell out today. there were basically no buyers for all the sellers
Continental Army
the American army during the American Revolution
What is the Great White Fleet?
the United States Navy's new gleaming white ships.
republicanism
the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people
What two "events" were huge pushes towards the Spanish-American war?
the de Lome letter and the explosion of the U. S. S Maine
Roaring Twenties
the decade of the 1920's which got this nickname because of the times prosperity and excitement
standard of living
the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.
Barter System
the direct exchange of one set of good or services for another (money is not exchanged -- goods or services are
unemployment
the level of joblessness among people actively seeking work in an economic system
Navtivism
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants
What important power did the Congress lack?
the power to tax
Appeasment
the practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war
equality
the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly among the members of society
During the struggle to ratify the Constitution, the Federalists wanted...
the strong national government outlined by the Constitution.
Colombian Exchange
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
terrorism
the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
Booker T. Washington told African Americans to set aside what?
their desire for political equality
Prattle
to babble excessively
amend
to change in a formal way; to change for the better
How do we complete the square?
to make x^2 +bx a perfect square, add (b/2)^2, the square of the coefficient of x this gives the perfect square x^2 + bx + (b/2)^2=(x+(b/2))^2
The architect who laid out the plan for the nation's new capital was...
Pierre Charles L'Enfant.
negotiate
to succeed in going over, coping with, or accomplishing
June factored the following polynomial by removing the GCF. 6x²y³ - 12 xy³ + 22x⁵y² What was the degree of the monomial GCF she factored out of each term?
3
What was the Spanish- American war nicknamed?
"A Splendid Little War"
depression
A long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
What is a cartel?
A loose association of businesses that make the same product
How did the passing of the 19th amendment cause women to yearn for more equality?
When giving the vote, woman now wanted to have equality in other places of business, jobs, and life in general
referendum
procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature
What is standard form?
Ax+Bx=C
Why did Northerners and Whigs opposed the annexation of Texas?
It would increase the number of slave states
*How were people finally able to make long-range voyages?
Prince Henry of Portugal established a school for mariners and his seamen developed the caravel (a type of ship).
What was the time from 1890- 1920 known as?
Progressive Era
Who was the leader of the Transcendental movement?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
suffrage
Right to vote
Who did the Wobblies represent?
Unskilled workers
Which did socialists favor for reaching their goals, revolution or through a ballot box?
A ballot box, meaning they wished to do things lawfully and with laws and reforms, not revolution.
Battle of New Orleans
A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.
popular sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
monopoly
A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.
Al Capone
A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.
Ohio Gang
A name used to describe the group of cabinet members Warren G. Harding brought into office. These men were his personal friends, and were part of a series of scandals.
What changes occurred due to the scheduling issues with railroads?
A national system of times zones was developed
Why would a country need to act imperialistically due to their Navy?
A navy needed bases around the world for taking on fuel and supplies.
How would the expansion outwardly solve this problem of American mid-life crisis?
A new quest to build an empire would feed off of the country's pioneer spirit and lift their morals
What is civil disobedience?
A nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change it.
Henry Clay
A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.
Carpetbagger
A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states
Manifest Destiny
A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.
manifest destiny
A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.
Common Sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
What is a rebate?
A partial refund
territory
A particular area of land
Who was Clarence Darrow
A passionate support of free speech who defended Scopes
What is a subsidy?
A payment made by the government to encourage the development of certain key industries.
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Expansion
A period of economic growth as measured by a rise in real GDP
What was "Social Darwinism"?
A philosophy that argued society should interfere with competition as little as possible, and opposed goverment intervention.
imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Isolationism
A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
isolationism
A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
Renaissance
A new era (starting in Italy) of enormous creativity and change that spread throughout western Europe, peaking in the 1500s. It was a quest of knowledge in nearly every field of study, including art, literature, science, and philosophy.
How did the government solve the soft-coal miner strikes?
A government established coal commission that granted a 14 percent pay raise for miners
monarchy
A government ruled by a king or queen
Teapot Dome Scandal
A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921
federal system
A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
What did the Renaissance bring?
A greater availability of works, especially the Bible, due to the printing press and the rise of nations that had then began to compete for the Asian trade.
Boycott
A group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies
guerrilla warfare
A hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes
What is nationalism?
Devotion to on'es nation
What reform ended the practice of having party leaders choose candidates for state and local offices?
Direct primaries
Who was Juan Ponce de Leon?
Discoverer of Florida
What was the new manner in which to obtain oil?
Drilling
Why were the Portuguese the leading explorers of the 1400's?
Due to their navigation school
Why did farmers often move into the urban areas after the war?
During the war, prices had been high for farmers, but dropped once the war ended putting economic stress on them till they gave in and moved to the cities.
What were the four factors that accounted for the explosion of imperialistic activity in the late 1800s?
Economics, The rise of nationalism, advances in military/navy, Humanitarian factors
Who was responsible for drilling the oil for Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company?
Edwin L. Drake
What new invention, that became wildly available to the public, helped grow the consumer spending?
Electricity
Treaty
Ended Wars
The War of 1812 was fought against which European power?
England
What wouldn't the children who lived on farms go to school year round?
Except for the months from November to April, children, especially older ones, were needed back home to help tend the fields.
president
Executive Branch
eleanor roosevelt
FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women
liberty
Freedom of choice.
What was the major issue the colonists had with Britain's action? [Before the Revolutionary War]
Taxation without the proper representation
What was John T Scopes crime?
Teaching evolution in a public school
What was one of the most important functions of public schools?
Teaching literacy, especially for immigrants
What were some successful colonies in America?
The Plymouth Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony
What caused Russia to drop out of the war?
The Russian Revolution
What political party was formed in 1901?
The Socialists Party of America
What was the educational success of the Reconstruction?
The South adopted a system of mandatory education
What was the economic success of the Reconstruction efforts?
The Southern economy grew and new wealth was created in the North.
What was Harding's worst scandal?
The Teapot Dome Scandal
What was Lincoln's reconstruction plan officially called?
The Ten Percent Plan
Tories
The Tories were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution.
Treaty Of Paris
The Treaty of Paris of 1783, negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence
What happened in 1891, when a Chilean mob attacked a group of American soldiers and killed two?
The U.S government reacted harshly and forced Chile to pay 75, 000 dollars to the families of these soldiers.
What was the concern surrounding the ending of the frontier age?
The United States energy would dwindle without the quest for empire
What was a major economic reasoning for expansion?
The United States had become a industrial nation and the citizens of its nation could not consume all that it produced.
Virginia Deceleration of Rights
The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish "inadequate" government.
What is literacy?
The ability to read and write
What is productivity?
The amount of goods and services created in a given period of time.
What were the two reasons the Mexican war occurred?
The annexation of Texas and the southern boundary of Texas dispute
10. State the rule for raising a number to the power of zero.
The answer is 1.
What was Mother Jones's main focus in her reform work?
Organizing unions
gross domestic product
The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation
How did land restriction limit African Americans?
They could rent land or homes only in rural areas, which generally forced them right back onto plantations.
*What was the economy of the New England Colonies like?
They depended on long-distance trade, and timber/fish were a part of the economy.
How did Cuban rebels get the attention of business owners in America to pressure the government to act in their favor?
They destroyed American sugar plantations and mills in Cuba
What was the spoils system?
When elected officials appointed friends and supporters to goverment jobs regardless of their qualifications.
Wry
humorous with a clever twist and a touch of irony
mayor
the head of a city government
Write 5g - 8g³ + 10g² - 1 in standard form. Then name the polynomial based on its degree and number of terms.
-8g³ + 10g² + 5g - 1; cubic trinomial
In what ways did railroads improve industry?
-Faster/more practical means of transporting goods -Lower costs of production -Creation of national markets -A model for big business -Stimulation of other industries
Delaware Crossing
-Washington fled across the Delaware River after the Battle of Long Island, gathering and destroying all boats to slow British pursuit.
(2x + 1)(x - 5) = 0
-½, 5
x² - 8x = 0
0, 8
30. Simplify (-1)⁶
1
7. Simplify 5⁰
1
What is the y-intercept in the equation 3x + 5y = 5
1
Coefficient
3 and 4 are multiplied with the variables.
fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
liberal
A political view that advocates for rule of law, representative government, and egalitarianism.
What is collective bargaining?
A process in which workers negotiate as a group with employers.
What is disarmament?
A program in which the nations of the world would voluntarily give up their weapons
What is a Quadratic Equation?
A quadratic equation is an equation in the form Ax^2+Bx+C=0
What was the transcontinental railroad?
A railway extending from coast to coast
Tennessee valley authority
A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.
recession
A slowdown in a nation's economy
recession
A slowdown in economic activity over a period of time. During one of these periods all of the following things decline: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, investment spending, capacity utilization, household incomes, business profits and inflation. Meanwhile bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise.
What is the Bessemer process?
A steel making process that made it cheaper and easier to remove the impurities.
nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Ch1 What is a variable?
A symbol that represents a value of a variable quantity.
What was the encomienda system?
A system by which Native Americans were forced to work for Spaniards.
economy
A system for producing and distributing goods, and services to fulfill people's wants
slavery
A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.
What is home rule?
A system that gives cities a limited degree of self-rule
Parallel Lines
A system whose equations have the same slope, but different y-intercepts will graph ____________.
tariff
A tax on imported goods
What is a pogrom?
A violent massacres of Jews
Who said this famous line "Join the Union, boys!"
Mother Jones
Valley Forge
Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops
What are social welfare programs?
Programs that help to ensure a minimum standard of living
+4
Solve: ( x − 4 )² = 0
What was the title of the influential book concerning the importance of a navy?
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
ratify
To approve
privateer
armed private ship licensed to attack merchant ships
Which direction do you shade for the inequality y<1/5x-5
below the line
impeach
bring an accusation against
fireside chat
informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people
citizenship
informed and active membership in a political community
Artifact
item made by human craft
Martha Washington
was America's First Lady
sharecropping
when the farmer rented land and provided labor in return for some of the crop or money
Francis Scott Key
wrote the Star Spangled Banner
The area of a rectangular garden is given by the trinomial x² + x - 12. What are the possible dimensions of the rectangle?
x - 3 and x + 4
28. Simplify (x + 7)(x + 2)
x² + 9x + 14
What caused the decline in steel, rubber, and glass?
The slump of the auto industry in 1995, since the other industries depended on it.
Solve using the quadratic formula. -3x^2 + 4x + 1 = 0
The solutions are x = -0.22 and x = 1.55
Solve using the quadratic formula. -x^2 + 14x + 5 = 0
The solutions are x = -0.35 and x = 14.35
Solve using the quadratic formula. -2x^2 + 5x + 5 = 0
The solutions are x = -0.77 and x = 3.27
Factor 3g² + 4g - 4
(3g - 2)(g + 2)
Factor 18n³ +27n² -2n - 3
(3n +1)(3n -1) (2n +3)
9x²-16
(3x+4)(3x−4)
8x²+14x+3
(4x+1)(2x+3)
16x²-9
(4x+3)(4x−3)
5x²+4x−12
(5x−6)(x+2)
Factor 64x²-81
(8x +9)(8x -9)
64x²−81
(8x+9)(8x−9)
emancipation
(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
x²−9
(x+3)(x−3)
x²−x−12
(x+3)(x−4)
x²−2x−15
(x+3)(x−5)
x²+6x+9
(x+3)²
x²−16
(x+4)(x−4)
x²+8x+16
(x+4)²
x³−3x²+4x−12
(x²+4)(x−3)
x²+2x−8
(x−2)(x+4)
x²+x−12
(x−3)(x+4)
x²+2x−15
(x−3)(x+5)
x²−6x+9
(x−3)²
x²−8x+16
(x−4)²
−6x³−3x²+10x+5
(−3x²+5)(2x+1)
*Why did the English decide to have colonies, just like the Spanish?
1. They wanted a base in which they could attack Spanish ships/cities. 2. They wanted supply stations in North America (as they still hoped to find a Northwest Passage to Asia). 3. Merchants wanted new markets. 4. They thought America would be a good place for their unemployed and homeless people.
Solve. (6+k)÷3 =2
0
Classify the polynomial based on its degree and number of terms 17
constant monomial
Battle of Guildford Courthouse
cornwallace won it, losses so heavy but started retreating to the north
Anomaly
deviation from the norm
Abolition
doing away with; putting an end to
Meticulous
extremely careful
Painstaking
extremely careful
Audacious
fearlessly, very bold
vote
for/ against
Ambivalent
having mixed feelings
domestic
having to do with the household or family; not foreign
Why did Scopes challenge the ban on the teaching of evolution?
he believed if was unconstitutional and limiting of his personal and religious freedom.
Marquis de Lafayetter
hero of two world
-6x+6≥0 or 5-8x<-59
x ≤ 1 or >8
2x³−x²−6x
x(2x+3)(x−2)
2x³−11x²+5x
x(2x−1)(x−5)
12x³+x²−35x
x(3x−5)(4x+7)
x³+5x²+6x
x(x+2)(x+3)
What is the solution to the equation shown? 6x²-x-40=0
{-5/2, 8/3}
What is the solution to the equation shown? y²+56= 15y
{7, 8}
Estimate the square root of 99 to the nearest integer
~10
Bessie Smith
African American blues singer who played and important role in the Harlem Reniassance.
What is a captain of industry?
One who serves their nation in a positive way
Flapper
Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion
Deceleration of Independence
a 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation
What is a tenement?
a building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety
Blitzkrieg
"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
Which two papers were competing for readers?
"New York World" and "New York Morning Journal"
What was Vladimir Lenin's promise to the people of Russia?
"Peace, land, and bread."
What type of tax did George present should be used?
"Single tax"
Amendment
A change to the Constitution
governor
A ruler of a province or state
12. Simplify (4k⁵/8k⁶)⁴
1/(16k⁴)
court system
judicial branch
house of representatives
Which has 435 members
What is jingoism?
aggressive foreign policy influenced by intense national pride
What is the sum? 1-8
-7
3x(x + 7) = 0
-7, 0
x² + 3x - 18 = 0
-6, 3
Simplify (2w² - 5w - 5) - (8w² + 3w - 3)
-6w² - 8w - 2
2x²+8x+6
2(x+1)(x+3)
12x²−11x+2
(3x−2)(4x−1)
x²−144
(x+12)(x−12)
x²+6x+8
(x+2)(x+4)
x²−4
(x+2)(x−2)
x²−8
(x+2√2)(x−2√2)
x²−12
(x+2√3)(x−2√3)
3x²+16x−12
(3x−2)(x+6)
Factor 12g³ + 8g² - 15g - 10
(4g² - 5)(3g + 2)
U.S Constitution
"The supreme law of the land." Written in 1787 at Philadelphia Convention to replace Articles of Confederation and create stronger central government. Outlines structure & power of 3 branches of national government. Oldest written constitution still in use (but amended 27 times plus myriad informal amendments).
Indian Removal Act
(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River
Mexican American War
(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.
herbert hoover
(1929-1933) The New York Stock Market Crashes October 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday". The 20th Amendment is passed and added and the 21st Amendment is passed by 1933.
Factor 2x² + x - 6
(2x - 3)(x + 2)
4x²-1
(2x+1)(2x−1)
2x²−9x−5
(2x+1)(x−5)
great depression
(HH) , starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting, HH was blamed for it
National Labor Relations Board
(Wagher Act) NLRB, 1935, allow workers to join unions, protected labor unions for workers
incumbent
(adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of
Clan
(adj.) secret, concealed; underhanded
Factor x² + 14x + 49
(x +7)²
Factor x² - 10xy + 24y²
(x - 6y)(x - 4y)
29. Simplify -1⁴
-1
Ch 5 what is the slope? (2,2) (3,1)
-1
Solve. -11-6n=1+6n
-1
What is the slope in the equation x+y=1
-1
(x + 1)(x - 5) = 0
-1, 5
11. Simplify (-2m)⁻³
-1/(8m³)
Find the slope through (1,3) (-9,5)
-1/5
Find the slope through (17, 17) (20, -13)
-10
2. Simplify (-5a²b²)(2ab³)
-10a³b⁵
16. Simplify -8x⁸m³/64x⁵m⁸
-1x³/8m⁵
1. Simplify (4p³)(-6p⁻⁴)
-24/p
4. Simplify (-3m³)³
-27m⁹
Simplify (2k + 3) - (2k² - 4k - 5)
-2k² + 6k +8
x² + 6x + 9 = 0
-3
4x² + 11x - 3
-3, ¼
What did the Niagara Movement want for African Americans?
-Full civil liberties -And end to racial discrimination -Recognition of human brotherhood
How did big business differ from earlier forms of business in the United States?
-Larger pools of capital -Larger geographic span -Broader range of operations -Different role of ownership -New methods of management
What were the four points of Johnson's plan?
1. Pardons to southerners who swore allegiance to the Union 2. It permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention (without the 10 percent allegiance of Lincoln's plan) 3. States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt. 4. States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union.
7x² - 14x + 7 = 0
1
What were the three main points of communism?
1. The government owned all land and property 2. A single political party controlled the government 3. The needs of the country were priority over the needs of the people
What were the six, strict laws that the Radicals in Congress passed with the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
1. The South was under military rule 2. It ordered the southern states to hold elections for delegates to make new state constitutions. 3. It required states to allow all qualified male voters to vote 4. It temporarily banned those who had supported the Confederacy to vote. 5. It required the guarantee of equal rights to all citizens. 6. It required the states to ratify the 14th amendment
What were the four points of Lincoln's plan?
1. A pardon for any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept federal policy on slavery. 2. It denied pardons to all Confederate military and government officials and to those who had killed African American prisoners. 3. It permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution after only 10 percent of voters had sworn allegiance. 4. States could hold elections once their constitution had been written
What were five ways employers tried to stop unions?
1.) Forbidding union meetings 2.) Firing union organizers 3.) Forcing new employees to sign" yellow dog" contracts in which workers promised never to join a union or participate in a strike 4.) Refusing to bargain collectively when strikes did occur 5.) Refusing to recognize unions as their workers' legitimate representatives.
13. Simplify [-10mnp²/(-20mnp⁴)]³
1/(8p⁶)
15. Simplify b⁻⁵
1/b⁵
7(x - 10) = 0
10
17. Simplify 10x⁴y⁴/x⁴y⁶
10/y²
Scopes Trial
1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools
John Jay
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington
Articles Of Confederation
1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
George Washington
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)
x² - 4x + 4 = 0
2
John Adams
2nd president
Simplify the equation: 5-(-2w-6)
2w+11
Thomas Jefferson
3rd President of the United States
Suppose that the area of a square lawn is 9x² + 30x + 25 . What is the length of one side of the lawn?
3x + 5
Factor 6x⁴ - 9x³ - 36x² + 54x
3x(x² - 6)(2x - 3)
5. Simplify 5¹
5
What is the slope in the equation y = 5x+2
5
10x²−25x−15
5(2x+1)(x−3)
How many patents were issued between 1860 and 1890?
500, 000
Simplify (3x -2) + (3x +4)
6x + 2
What is the degree of 16m²n⁵?
7
Convert the given amount to the given unit: 6 1/2 ft; in. 12in= 1ft
78in.
Andrew Jackson
7th President
Solve. -n+3(1+5n)=115
8
8x²−72
8(x+3)(x-3)
8. Simplify (-3)⁴
81
What is the simplified version of the following: 9 squared
81
What is a U-boat (Unterseeboot)?
A German submarine
What did Henry Ford call the invention he was working on that would eventually be the car?
A Horseless carriage
27. Simplify (4m - 3)(2m² + 2m + 4)
8m³ + 2m² + 10m - 12
Simplify the following equation: -8+9w+23
9w+15
Simplify (3x -2)(3x +4)
9x²+6x -8
George Gershwin
A Jazz Age composer who was the son of Russian immigrants and, like many others during his time, mixed symphony and jazz together to create an entirely new style that represented how America was a mixture of peoples.
Who started the force that worked through raids to arrest subversives?
A Mitchell Palmer
Sacagawea
A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark
conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
What was the outcome of the case?
A $100 dollar fine for Scopes
Palmer Raids
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
Federalist Papers
A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.
Backcountry
A colonial region that ran along the Appalachian Mountains through the far western part of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.
census
A complete enumeration of a population.
Who was John J Raskob?
A corporate leader who wrote in an article that through investment, everyone could be and ought to be rich.
senate
A council of representatives
What is an injunction?
A court order that prohibits a certain activity.
What type of union was the American Federation of Labor?
A craft union
Magna Carta
A document that King John was forced by his nobles to sign in 1215 that granted them various legal rights. It shaped the British government and became the foundation for future American ideals of liberty/justice.
Charter
A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area
constitution
A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society
dust bowl
A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.
Civil Rights
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.
*Feudalism
A political and economic system in which a powerful noble (or lord) divided his large landholdings among lesser lords, who would then owe him military service and other favors. Serfs farmed a lord's manor/estate and gave a portion of the harvest, receiving shelter and protection in return.
What was the after-effect of the murder of Garfield?
A public outcry against the spoils system.
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.
new deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.
*Jamestown
A settlement that came to be in 1607 that was named after King James I. It nearly failed because of a lack of hard work and their swampy, disease-bearing mosquito environment. Led by John Smith for a period of time. Saved by the growing of tobacco.
What is a sweatshop?
A shop where employees worked long hours at low wages and under poor working conditions.
hovervilles
A slang word for shantytowns
What is a craft union?
A union organized into separate smaller unions based on craft.
What is an industrial union?
A union organized of workers from all crafts in a given industry.
War of 1812
A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.
Who is Charles Schenck?
A war opponent who sent letters to men who were drafted urging them not to report for duty
What was the National Consumers' League?
A women's group that worked to improve the conditions in which good were made and sold.
What are scabs?
A worker called in to replace a striker.
Who was Edward Bellamy?
A writer and reformer who wrote "Looking Backward"
Who was Henry George?
A writer and reformer who wrote "Progress and Poverty" to explain why poverty was still present in society.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
AAA, 1933, Paid farmers to burn their crops, provided crop subsides, provided long lasting education for farmers
What is the Zero Product Property?
AB=0 if and only if A=0 or B=0
Thomas Paine
American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)
McMarthyism
Accusations of disloyalty made that were supported without evidence by taking advantage of people's concern about communism.
Embargo act of 1807
Act passed by Congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port.
3. State the rule for multiplying powers with the same base.
Add the powers.
Why were African Americans schools often of lesser quality?
African American school often received less funding.
How was the success of the 14th and 15th amendments lessened at the end of the Reconstruction?
After military rule was removed, southern state governments and terrorists groups effectively denied the African Americans their rights.
bank failures
After the stock market crash, many Americans proceeded to remove their money from the bank causing many banks to close.
Moore's Creek Bridge
Against the British and colonists. It ended British rule in North Carolina. Colonist made the bridge slippery from lard/grease so the British slipped lost their possessions which the colonists collected and was valued at $1 million.
Gadsden Purchase
Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny.
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
Who led the new government in Russia after Czar Nicholas abdicated?
Alexander Kerensky
Who wrote the influential book concerning the importance of a navy?
Alfred T. Mahan (Think of Batman's butler smoking and being all Ma-hannn (Man!) Alfred Mahan!)
Algebraic expression ? Numerical expression?
Alg: one or more variables Numerical: no variables
18. State the rule for raising a product to a power.
All base factors are raised to the power separately.
In the Treaty of Paris, who got what?
America obtained the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the island of Guam Spain got $20 million dollars (and shame)
Benedict Arnold
American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.
What was the Niagara Movement?
An African American Civil rights group
Langston Hughs
An American poet, social activist, novelist, and playwright
What is the Dow Jones Industrial Average?
An Average of stock prices of major industries
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
An act passed that allowed the territory of Kansas to decide for itself if it wished to be free or slave via a vote
What is a sphere of influence?
An area of economic and political control
Coastal Plain
An area of flat low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast.
piedmont
An area of land formed or lying at the foot of a mountain or mountain range
revolution
An armed rebellion or uprising against the government or other authority
Quota System
An arrangement placing a limit on the number of immigrants from each country
What is Socialism?
An economic and political philosophy that favors public instead of private control of the means of production.
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of capital
Lewis and Clark Expedition
An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories (Louisiana territory) of the United States ; led by Merriwether Lewis and William Clark; traveled from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River from 1803 to 1806
urbanization
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
preamble
An introduction to a speech or piece of writing
labor union
An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
What does Manifest Destiny mean?
An undeniable fate (to possess the entire continent)
What were the three overall causes of the Great Depression?
An unstable economy, over speculation, and government policies
stock market crash
Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.
Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)
Anti-Federalist
Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states
ratify
Approve
What is the phenomenon "economies of scale"?
As production increases the cost of each item produced is lower.
What was the beliefs of fundamentalism?
As well as supporting Christian idea, they argued that God inspired the Bible and that it cannot contain contradictions. they believed that the Bible was literally true.
What productivity increasing manufacturing process did Henry Ford invent?
Assembly line
10th Amendment
Asserts that powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states are reserved to the states.
Bosnia was annexed by which dynasty of the time?
Austria- Hungry
Germany was allied with what major dynasty?
Austria-Hungry
racism
Belief that one race is superior to another
culture
Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
foreign
Belonging to, situated in, or derived from another country.
What were some well-established kingdoms in West Africa?
Benin and the Songhai empire.
treason
Betrayal of one's country
Volstead Act
Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.
What happened with Bloody Kansas?
Bleeding Kansas refers to the time between 1854-58 when the Kansas territory was the site of much violence over whether the territory would be free or slave. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 set the scene by allowing the territory of Kansas to decide for itself whether it would be free or slave, a situation known as popular sovereignty. With the passage of the act, thousands of pro- and anti-slavery supporters flooded the state. Violent clashes soon occurred, especially once "border ruffians" crossed over from the South to sway the vote to the pro-slavery side.
What violent event caused increased hostility between North and South?
Bloody Kansas
What was the name [Vladimir] Lenin and his followers adopted?
Bolsheviks
Duke Ellington
Born in Chicago middle class. moved to Harlem in 1923 and began playing at the cotton club. Composer, pianist and band leader. Most influential figures in jazz.
What were manners of protest the colonists employed in response to the many acts passed against them by Great Britain leading up to the Revolutionary war?
Boycotts, protests, and petitions
judicial branch
Branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly.
What is horizontal consolidation?
Bringing together as many firms as possible in the same business.
Who is supremely powerful as far as colonizing in the New World?
Britian
Lord Cornwallis
British General who surrendered at Yorktown
Impressment
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
Booker T. Washington's advice to African Americans was to focus on what?
Building economic security
What was Collidge's view for America's focus to be?
Business
What did Republicans favor?
Business and social stability
Before drilling, how was oil obtained?
By either melting the fat from a whale or digging large pits and waiting for oil to seep above ground.
How did the Congress created under the Articles of Confederation get money?
By petitioning the states for money
Solve the inequality: 6(c-1)<-18
C<-2
Civilian Conservation Corps
CCC, 1933, Public work relief program for single young men to work to conserve natural resources and parks
Civil Works Administration
CWA, 1933, rapidly created manual work jobs for unemployment, employed up to 4 million workers
What new ideology did Europe adopt over Feudalism?
Capitalism
executive branch
Carries out the laws
veto
Chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature
9th Amendment
Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution
What did Radicals want for African Americans?
Civil rights; such as voting rights and equal treatment
minuteman
Colonial militia volunteer who was prepared to fight at a minute's notice
indentured servant
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Wagon Trail
Common method of transportation to the West, in which wagons traveled in groups for safety.
Transcontinental Railroad
Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west
supreme court
Consists of nine justices, each appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress. Appointment is for life. Supreme Court exercises the power to determine constitutionality of statutes
separation of powers
Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
What was the French and Indian was for?
Control of North America
What is vertical consolidation?
Controlling all the many different businesses that make up all phases of a products development.
What were the main reasons Reconstruction ended?
Corruption The economy Violence Democratic return to power
rural
Countryside
What did the National Reclamation Act do?
Created a plan for irrigation projects
tyranny
Cruel and oppressive government or rule
Which rebellion brought out the rise of yellow journalism?
Cuban
What were the four major laws within the Black Codes?
Curfews, Vagrancy Laws, Labor Contracts, and Land Restrictions
What is an installment plan?
Customers would make a partial payment at set intervals over a period of time until the total debt is paid, this began the growth of consumer spending.
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
chief executive
Decides how the laws of the US are to be enforced and choosing officials and advisors to help run the Executive Branch
Who was Pizzaro?
Defeater of the Incas, discovered gold and silver
genocide
Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
What were the voyages to the Americas a sign of?
Europe's rebirth; they had previously been too busy dealing with internal problems to give much thought to other continents
How did African views of land and people differ?
Europeans valued land more than labor, while Africans valued labor more than land.
James Madison
Father of the Constitution
Federal Emergency Relief Act
FERA, 1933, Gave loans to states to provide relief efforts (soup kitchens), Developed public facilities across the states
(-2, -2)
Find the solution.
(0, 0)
Find the solution.
(0, 3)
Find the solution.
(2, 20)
Find the solution.
(2, 3)
Find the solution.
(2, 4)
Find the solution.
(2, 6)
Find the solution.
(2, 8)
Find the solution.
(3, 2)
Find the solution.
(3, 6)
Find the solution.
(4, 2)
Find the solution.
No Solution
Find the solution.
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments
bill of rights
First 10 amendments
Battle Of Bunker Hill
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.
Henry Knox
First secretary of war
Who was Coronado?
First sighted the Grand Canyon
John Calhoun
First vice president during Jackson's presidency, Staunchly pro-slavery vice-president, engineering the Compromise of 1850 and helping further split the nations
What act brought import taxes to a historically high level?
Fordney- McCumber Tariff
Speakeasies
Illegal bars
What were the other four main causes of WWI?
Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism, and Alliances.
What two factors made it easier for Great Britain, France, and Russia to act imperialistically?
Improved transportation and communication
Sacco and Vanzetti
In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly
**How was slavery in Africa different from slavery in the Americas?
In Africa, slaves became adopted members of society, could marry into a lineage, and move out of their slave role.
Why did Lincoln's plan lack the re-admittance of rebellion states?
In Lincoln's mind, the states' secession had not been constitutional and thus did not have to be readmitted.
Women were often prejudiced against within colleges, what is one example of how this occurred?
In the University of Wisconsin, females were required to remain standing till all men had found a seat.
What three major effects were reformers responding to?
Industrialization, immigration, and urbanization
What reform destroyed the limitation of only state legislature members being able to introduce bills?
Initiative
What job was Florence Kelley given by Jane Addams suggestion?
Investigating the local labor conditions
What is buying on margin?
Investors would purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price and borrow the rest.
What were the effects of the Great Awakening?
It energized people to speak for themselves and rely less on the traditional authority of ministers and books.
Passage of any measure involving money required 9 votes out of the 13 in the Congress, how did this hinder the government?
It made it difficult for the national government to get things done, which was what was wanted and needed.
What were the results of Gitlow v. New York?
It reaffirmed the Fourteenth Amendment protected civil rights against restriction by state governments.
What effect did the French and Indian War have on American forces in the Revolutionary War?
It severely weakened them.
Why was this trial so important?
It showed and challenged the differences between the modern beliefs and the traditional values of the country.
*What was the economy of the Middle Colonies like?
It was a mixture of farming and commerce. They produced wheat, barley, and rye.
What was the Great Awakening?
It was a time of religious tension and revival (Sorry I didn't really want to summarize this one...)
**What was the triangular trade?
It was a trade between three points (Americas, Europe, and Africa). See page 27 of book for diagram.
In 1900, how did America's standard of living compare to other countries?
It was among the highest in the world.
*What was the economy of the Southern Colonies like?
It was based on staple crops (those that have a constant demand) like tobacco and rice, using African Americans for labor.
What was Benin like?
It was located in a coastal forest and its wealth came from trade. They produced palm oil, ivory, woods, and sculptures of the Portuguese.
What was so special about the Freedman's Bureau?
It was the first major federal relief agency in United States history
Which president was killed over the issued of patronage?
James A. Garfield
Which of the following was a British invention that helped spark the U.S. Industrial Revolution?
James Watt's steam engine
How did TR get a Nobel peace prize?
Mediating in the Russo-Japanese war
Minutemen
Member of a militia during the American Revolution who could be ready to fight in sixty seconds
Who did the Knights of Labor represent?
Men and women, skilled and unskilled, even African Americans.
What land did Spain control?
Mexico and the Louisiana Territory
*Where did the Spanish colonies settle?
Mexico, Central American, South America, and the islands of the Caribbean Sea
emigration
Migration from a location
immigration
Migration to a new location
What was Ford's famous car?
Model T
What doctrine was the main principle of foreign policy in the United States?
Monroe
Between 1880-1900, more colleges were being built. How many new colleges were built in this time?
More than 150
6. State the rule for raising a power to a power.
Multiply the exponents.
Star Spangled Banner
NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE UNITED STATES THAT WS ORIGINALLY A POEM WRITTEN BY FRANCIS SCOTT KEY DURING WAR OF 1812.
National Industrial Recovery Act
NIRA, 1933, Authorized president to regulate business, Help industry to recover, made minimum wage
National Youth Administration
NYA, 1935, Focused on providing work for Americans between 16&24, paid for "work study" in schools, included women, provided part-time employment
Jazz Age
Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime
Redcoat
Names that represent the British fighters
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
By 1900, America had one of the most powerful what(s)?
Navy~
holocuast
Nazi Germany's slaughter of European Jews
What did Americans traditionally value more; need or want [for things]?
Needs
national industry recovery act
New Deal legislation requiring owners and labor unions in various industries to agree upon hours, wages, and prices; as a result, wages did go up for many workers but so did prices
What were common actions of the Klan?
Night rides in long robes and hoods often with whips and guns. Burning of crosses Dragging people from their homes and harassing, torturing, kidnapping, and murdering them.
Is Roger Williams an European explorer?
No
What is the area between trenches referred to as?
No Man's Land
3rd Amendment
No quartering of Soldiers
Did indoor electric lighting exist in 1865?
No.
strike
Nonviolent refusal to continue to work until a problem is resolved.
Which two foundations founded African American colleges/Universities?
The American Missionary Association and the Freedmen's Bureau
*What did the Americas and Europe exchange on the Columbian Exchange?
The Americas exchanged potatoes, while Europe brought crops such as wheat and domestic animals (like cows and horses). They also brought firearms, the wheel & axle, their culture, and disease.
What were some of the results of Prohibition?
The Bootlegger was born Organized Crime was born Gangsters were born
Workers living in Brooklyn had to take a ferry across the waters to get to the island of Manhattan, what was built to solve this problem?
The Brooklyn Bridge
Why wasn't Congress able to assist when Shays' rebellion happened?
The Congress had no money to raise an army and no way to force state to pay for one under the Articles
How did government policies cause the depression?
The Federal Reserve system cut interest rates to spur growth but then later limited the money supply to discourage lending, as a result there wasn't enough money to help the economy recover.
What was the "dilemma in the Philippines"?
The Filipino people expected/wanted to be a free nation, not under American power
What did the Fourteenth Amendment ensure?
The Fourteenth amendment stated that no state can make a law that will limit the freedoms of citizens of the United States.
French Alliance
The French entered the war in 1778, and assisted in the victory of the Americans seeking independence from Britain
What act passed in 1850 caused increased tension between the North and South?
The Fugitive Slave Law; The South wanted more power to capture what they believed to be their property and the North wasn't having it.
What was the Sussex pledge?
The German government promising the warn ships before they were attacked (to allow innocent people to abandon the ship).
What is this collapse in the stock market called?
The Great Crash
F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Great Gatsby An author of Books and short stories, widely known throughout America.
What was the Middle Passage?
The Middle Passage was one leg of the triangular trade between the America, Europe, and Africa to the Americas. And also refers to the forced transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas** (This is what Whalen described it as when we tested on it)
What problems did colonies have?
The Native Americans, who they warred against sometimes.
Who was John L. O'Sullivan
The New York journalists who gave the American drive to cover the whole continent the name of Manifest Destiny
What tariff act, signed by president Taft, enraged Progressives?
The Payne- Aldrich (The decision to sign this caused Taft a lot of pain (Payne))
What sparked the start of WWI?
The assassination of Francis Ferdinand the Archduke.
What does the phrase "Laisses-faire" represent?
The belief that the government should play a very limited role in business.
Overall, why did the Civil war start?
The build up of tension between North and South
What was the Freedman's Bureau?
The group Congress create to help black southerners adjust to freedom.
What was the motivation of obtaining Alaska territory (besides the simplest "more land"?
The hope that having American presence on two sides of Canada would force the British out of the area.
What economic factors affected the rise of imperialism?
The increased need for natural resources, such as rubber and petroleum.
What was the simple cause of many strikes in 1919?
The inflation causing workers to need a raise
Who is Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.?
The judge who said the government is justified in silencing free speech when there is a "clear and present danger" such as yelling fire in a crowded place.
What economic problem was not solved by Reconstruction?
The lack of industry in the South
What new law caused a major increase in the percentage of children attending school? (Answer isn't specific. which general law)
The laws requiring attendance for ages 8-14.
Continental Congress
The legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution
How was the economy of the 1920s unstable?
The majority of wealth in America was in the hands of a few wealthy families, who often saved or invested rather than spending on the good being rapidly produced. The industrial side was overproducing goods that there wasn't enough consuming to use. The majorities of workers and farmers did not share in the economic boom, which kept them from spending.
What did Europe's new growth in cities and trade bring?
The new middle class, revival of the use of money, and the eventual breakdown of the feudal systems, and the rise in power of monarchs
What is the "Bull Moose Party"
The nickname given to the Progressive Party (the moose a symbolic challenge to the Republican elephant and the Democratic donkey)
Why did the start of westward expansion move the issue of slavery to the forefront?
The opinion of the American people was divided between expanding slavery and not, and when expansion began to be seen as necessary this force the issue of slavery to be seen.
What is speculation?
The practice of making high risk investment in hopes of getting a huge return
Public school often played a role in assimilation, what is assimilation?
The process by which people of one culture become part of another culture.
share our wealth works program
The program would empower the government to seize wealth from the rich through taxes and then provide a guaranteed minimum income and a home to every American family
The professional manager and specialized departments grew out of what business?
The railroad industry
What industry rapidly grew shortly after the addition of electricity to factories?
The ready-made clothing industry
Who triumphed in the Russia revolution?
The reds, under Vladimir Lenin
With the stock market boom, who got rich?
The rich got rich-ER
6th Amendment
The right to counsel in criminal trials (1) Speedy and public trial (2) Accused must be told charges (3) right to counsel (free lawyer if poor) (4) right to jury in criminal cases
What is arbitration?
The settlement of a dispute by a person or panel chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision
Solve using the quadratic formula. -5x^2 - 14x + 1 = 0
The solutions are x = -2.87 and x = 0.07
Solve using the quadratic formula. -4x^2 - 13x - 4 = 0
The solutions are x = -2.91 and x = -0.34
Solve using the quadratic formula. -4x^2 - 15x - 5 = 0
The solutions are x = -3.38 and x = -0.37
Solve using the quadratic formula. -3x^2 - 13x - 1 = 0
The solutions are x = -4.25 and x = -0.08
Solve using the quadratic formula. -3x^2 - 15x + 2 = 0
The solutions are x = -5.13 and x = 0.13
Solve using the quadratic formula. 4x^2 + 12x - 2 = 0
The solutions are x = 0.16 and x = -3.16
Solve using the quadratic formula. 3x^2 + 12x - 3 = 0
The solutions are x = 0.24 and x = -4.24
Solve using the quadratic formula. -x^2 + 8x - 3 = 0
The solutions are x = 0.39 and x = 7.61
Solve using the quadratic formula. 3x^2 + 6x - 3 = 0
The solutions are x = 0.41 and x = -2.41
Solve using the quadratic formula. 3x^2 + 8x - 4 = 0
The solutions are x = 0.43 and x = -3.1
Solve using the quadratic formula. 3x^2 + 4x - 4 = 0
The solutions are x = 0.67 and x = -2
Solve using the quadratic formula. 5x^2 - 6x - 4 = 0
The solutions are x = 1.68 and x = -0.48
Solve using the quadratic formula. 3x^2 - 9x + 5 = 0
The solutions are x = 2.26 and x = 0.74
Solve using the quadratic formula. 2x^2 - 5x + 1 = 0
The solutions are x = 2.28 and x = 0.22
Solve using the quadratic formula. 4x^2 - 8x - 4 = 0
The solutions are x = 2.41 and x = -0.41
Solve using the quadratic formula. 2x^2 - 10x + 4 = 0
The solutions are x = 4.56 and x = 0.44
Relocation
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
What was the main concerns of Americans following the birth of communism in Russia?
The spread of communism to America
Where was most of the power between states and national government with the Articles?
The states
What were the problems with industrialization, when this is what allowed America to grow?
The workers of industry were earning low income and often had cycles of unemployment. As well, they suffered poor working and living conditions. care
What caused the harsh downfall of farmers post-war?
Their overextended credit in good times that caused them to crash once they couldn't pay for it on failed crops/hard times.
Solve using the quadratic formula. -3x^2 - 4x - 5 = 0
There are no real roots.
**How did the amount of African-American slaves differ between the colonies?
There were much more in the Southern Colonies (400,000 in the 1970s compared to 50,000 in the others combined).
*What were the West Africans like?
They were organized by kinship groups that had a common ancestor, called a lineage. They worshipped a Supreme Being and many other lesser gods/goddesses. They also had oral history.
Why did some Europeans come to Europe?
They were previously religiously persecuted.
How did labor contracts limit freedmen?
They were required to sign a year long contract, and if they quit/left before the time was up did not have to be anything
Since refrigeration did not exist how did people have ice?
They would cut ice from frozen ponds in the winter, pack them in sawdust, and store them in an ice house.
Faced with pressure to admit women, how did men's colleges avoid doing so?
They would found separate schools for women that were related. Examples: Harvard ---> Radcliffe Tulane ---> Sophie Newcomb College Columbia ---> Barnard
What were the Central American nations called banana republics?
This group of countries exported 50 million bunches of bananas a year to the US
What is Piecework?
Those who worked the fastest and produced the most pieces earned the most money.
How did Mercantilists believe a nation should obtain raw materials and sell products?
Through colonies they controlled
How would a country without any gold/silver mines obtain bullion?
Through exporting more than they imported
**How were Native American societies organized?
Through kinship rather than social class, wealth, or age
impeach
To accuse government officials of misconduct in office
What is "annex"?
To annex is to join a new territory to an existing country
What was Edison's goal with electricity?
To develop affordable, in-home lighting to replace oil lamps and gaslights.
Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.
How were Blacks Codes able to appear?
With Johnson's pardoning of Confederates leaders, they acted quickly to limit the freedom of the African Americans who had once been slaves.
How did Granville Woods improve the railroad system?
With a telegraph system that allowed for communication with moving trains [reducing collisions]
How did Spain obtain bullion?
With gold mines in the Americas.
How were workers impacted as the Great Depression set down?
With little money or incentive to produce goods, factories began to close, putting workers out of work and in turn shutting down smaller businesses that had no customers.
Why was this trial different from trials of the past?
With mass media now common, journalists swarmed the courthouse, telegraphing words to their papers over the ten day trial.
How did the migration into the urban area affect education?
With more children closer to one place and less on farms where they were needed to help, more and more children began attending public high schools to further their education.
How did George Westinghouse improve the railroad system?
With more effective air brakes
How were banks hurt by the stock market crash?
With such a loss of money, the amount of loans unable to be paid back rose hugely and caused banks to feel the strain.
How did Grant (president at the time) respond to the actions of the Klan?
With the Enforcement Act of 1870, which banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race. With troops, he also arrested and tried thousands of Klansmen
How did Reconstruction help African American move into the dramatic change of freedom?
With the Freedmen's Bureau and similar organizations
How did personal debt grow for Americans during the 1920s?
With the talk of unending prosperity, people's worries were eased about going into debt and they allowed themselves to buy new luxury items on credit.
Who were Florence Kelley and Mary Harris "Mother" Jones?
Women prominent in the labor movements
Who was Upton Sinclair?
Writer of "The Jungle" and a muckraker himself!
Who was Bruce Barton?
Writer of the book "The Man Nobody Knows" about Jesus in business terms.
What are muckrakers?
Writers, especially journalists, who attempt to alert the public to wrongdoing in politics and business through their work.
Aaron Copeland
Wrote "Appalachian Spring"
john steinback
Wrote The Grapes of Wrath depicting the depression through a family's journey west from Oklahoma.
Solve the inequality: 5x<15
X<3
Solve the proportion: 3/7=9/x
X= 21
Ch2 Solve the equation: X+5=-2
X=-7
Solve the following equation: -3/4x+5=11
X=-8
Solve each equation for x: Ax+bx=-c
X=-c/(a+b)
What is point-slope form?
Y-y1=m(x-x1)
Suppose y varies directly with x. Write a direct variation equation. Y=8 x=-4
Y=-2x
What is slope intercept?
Y=mx+b
Is the following a solution of the equation? 3x+5=y (1,8)
Yes
Is the following number a solution to the equation? 17=37+4f; f=-5
Yes
Is the following number rational? 0.57
Yes
Where did Cornwallis surrender?
Yorktown
Platt Amendment?
prevented newly independent Cuba from making treaties with other nations and gave the US control over Guantanamo Bay
Concentration Camp
prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.
Classify the polynomial based on its degree and number of terms 5x² + 7x - 2
quadratic trinomial
reconstruction
rebuilding of the South after the Civil War
Arsenal
storage place for military equipment
Annabelle needs help factoring the following polynomial 2x³-3x²-14x. You are going to give her a hint. What is one of the factors of her polynomial?
x, 2x -7, or x +2 are all acceptable answers
Solve the compound inequality. x + 8< -2 or x - 6 >-9
x<-10 or x>-3
Write the slope-intercept form of the equation through (4,1) and (4,2)
x=4
Simplify (x - 2)(x + 4)
x²+2x - 8
19. Simplify -8x³/-16x⁻²y⁻³
x⁵y³/2
−4x²+16
−4(x+2)(x−2)
