Smart Book Week 1

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____ region.

abdominal

The small intestine is an example of:

an organ

The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ______.

antebrachial

The correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is ______.

antecubital

The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is

anterior

simplest level of organization

atom

Rapid digestion of a cell by its own lysosomes is called

autolysis

The correct anatomical term for armpit is ______.

axillary

Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm.

breast

The anatomical term for heel is ______.

calcaneal

Glycogen is a type of ______ that is considered a cell inclusion.

carbohydrate

The anatomical term for head is ______.

cephalic

One of the main factors that influence membrane permeability is ______.

concentration gradient

nervous tissue

conducts impulses for internal communication

epithelial tissue

covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

The anatomical term for hip is

coxal

The anatomical term for hip is _____ while the anatomical term for wrist is _____.

coxal, carpal

The watery, syrup-like fluid of the cytoplasm is called

cytosol

adaption

darkening of skin pigmentation due to an increase in sun exposure

Osmosis is a type of ______.

diffusion

The anatomical term for fingers or toes is

digits

cardiovascular system

distributes hormones, nutrients, gases and picks up waste products

Some membrane proteins catalyze (speed up) the rate of metabolic reactions. These proteins are acting as

enzymes

The most superior region in the middle column of the nine abdominopelvic regions is called the ______ region.

epigastric

4 major tissue types in the body

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

muscular system

generates heat

The anatomical term for buttock is

gluteal

Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to _____.

hand

patient has an injury in her coxal area. This patient has an injury in her ______.

hip

The term endocytosis ______.

includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Which organ system is responsible for the initiation of the immune response?

lymphatic system

Which of these are inclusions, not organelles?

melanin pigments

The cytoplasm is the material between the plasma membrane and ______.

nucleus

______ are complex, organized structures inside cells; they have unique characteristics and shapes.

organelles

The anatomical term for the palm of the hand is ______.

palmar

The correct anatomical term for kneecap is

patellar

______ means "cellular eating."

phagocytosis

________ is known as "cellular drinking".

pinocytosis

The vertebral column is ______ to the heart.

posterior

muscle tissue

produces movement

Among the functions of human body cells are ______.

producing new cells making connections lining surfaces providing for defense

connective tissue

protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs

The amino acids dissolved in cytosol are used to synthesize new ______.

proteins

Membrane extensions used by a cell during phagocytosis are called ______.

pseudopodia

The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is ______.

pubic

Cell membranes can regulate the transport of materials into and out of the cell. Thus, cell membranes are said to be _______ permeable.

selectively

The liver contains abundant amounts of ______ to process digested nutrients and detoxify alcohol and drugs.

smooth ER

metablosim

sum of chemical reactions in cells

integumentary system

synthesizes vitamin D, prevents H2O loss

A group of muscles cells performing a common function would be called a(n) ______.

tissue

A group of muscles performing a common function would be called a:

tissue

In the human body, epithelium is exemplified a which structural level of organization?

tissue level

In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization?

tissue level

Organizations that of similar cells that perform specialized functions are:

tissues

True or false: The process of pinocytosis is nonspecific because all solutes dissolved in the droplet are taken into the cell.

true

True or false: Water molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer.

true

Which substance moves most easily across the phospholipid bilayer?

fatty acids

Osmosis is a type of diffusion in which the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is from a region of ______ water concentration to a region of ______ water concentration.

higher, lower

The plasma membrane allows certain substances to be transported into the cell by passive processes. These substances include ______.

ions

The ______ canal contains the spinal cord.

vertebral

If the inside of a cell has a net negative charge, which type of extracellular ion will be most attracted to the intracellular environment?

a positively charged ion

When viewed under a transmission electron microscope, the Golgi apparatus looks like _____.

a stack of flattened structures

In general, _____ molecules move across the plasma membrane readily, while _____ molecules need special transport systems to move them across the membrane.

smaller, larger

Because of the structure of the phospholipid bilayer, which molecules pass easily through it?

Lipid molecules

includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

They play roles in growth, repair, and cellular maintenance. Each type of organelle has a specific function. They are generally located within cells.

anatomical position

feet together, palms forward

Melanin and protein crystals are examples of ______.

inclusions

regulation

increased blood circulation near limb surfaces as body temp rises

Growth and Development

increased specialization as related to form and function

The anatomical term describing the groin is

inguinal

Calcaneal is to heel as _____ is to sole of the foot.

plantar

Transport (shuttle) vesicles are produced within a cell by ______.

rough ER

The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is ______.

sacral

Materials tend to move more rapidly when their concentrations are _____ between two compartments.

significantly different

Proteins in the plasma membrane perform a variety of functions including ______.

transport intercellular connection enzyme activity cell to cell recognition

Which statements characterize cytosol?

It contains proteins and carbohydrates. It contains many dissolved solutes. It has a high water content. It is also called intracellular fluid.

Which statements characterize smooth ER?

It is continuous with rough ER. It stores lipids. It does not have ribosomes attached to it.

In osmosis and simple diffusion, the net movement of molecules will continue until the concentration gradient no longer exists. This end point is called

equilibrium

the _____ membrane is also called the cell membrane.

plasma

Endocytosis is _____ in reverse.

exocytosis

Examples of lipids include ______.

fats, oils, cholesterol, steroids

urinary system

filters the blood, concentrates waste products

Epithelial cells ______.

line internal surfaces of organs

What type of material passes readily through the cell membrane

lipid soluble materials

_____ are substances that are insoluble in water; examples include fats and oils.

lipids

organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions are:

tissues

The _____ forms the outer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment.

plasma membrane

The cell structure that functions as a 'gatekeeper' to regulate the passage of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the internal and external environments is the ______.

plasma membrane

The synthesis of steroid hormones occurs in the ______. rough ER

smooth ER

In diffusion, particles move until they are ______.

spread out evenly on each side of a membrane

The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is ______.

crural

What are the two categories of organelles?

membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound

different tissue types combine to form:

organs

The ___ level is the highest structural level of organization in the human body.

organsim

The simple diffusion of water is also called

osmosis

digestive system

responsible for nutrient absorption

four major passive transport processes

simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis bulk filtration

The tendency of molecules to move down their concentration gradient is ______.

diffusion

The characteristics of living things called ___ says that organisms produce gametes that can come together to develop into a new living organism.

reproduction