Smart Book Week 1
On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____ region.
abdominal
The small intestine is an example of:
an organ
The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ______.
antebrachial
The correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is ______.
antecubital
The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of" is
anterior
simplest level of organization
atom
Rapid digestion of a cell by its own lysosomes is called
autolysis
The correct anatomical term for armpit is ______.
axillary
Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm.
breast
The anatomical term for heel is ______.
calcaneal
Glycogen is a type of ______ that is considered a cell inclusion.
carbohydrate
The anatomical term for head is ______.
cephalic
One of the main factors that influence membrane permeability is ______.
concentration gradient
nervous tissue
conducts impulses for internal communication
epithelial tissue
covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities
The anatomical term for hip is
coxal
The anatomical term for hip is _____ while the anatomical term for wrist is _____.
coxal, carpal
The watery, syrup-like fluid of the cytoplasm is called
cytosol
adaption
darkening of skin pigmentation due to an increase in sun exposure
Osmosis is a type of ______.
diffusion
The anatomical term for fingers or toes is
digits
cardiovascular system
distributes hormones, nutrients, gases and picks up waste products
Some membrane proteins catalyze (speed up) the rate of metabolic reactions. These proteins are acting as
enzymes
The most superior region in the middle column of the nine abdominopelvic regions is called the ______ region.
epigastric
4 major tissue types in the body
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
muscular system
generates heat
The anatomical term for buttock is
gluteal
Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to _____.
hand
patient has an injury in her coxal area. This patient has an injury in her ______.
hip
The term endocytosis ______.
includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Which organ system is responsible for the initiation of the immune response?
lymphatic system
Which of these are inclusions, not organelles?
melanin pigments
The cytoplasm is the material between the plasma membrane and ______.
nucleus
______ are complex, organized structures inside cells; they have unique characteristics and shapes.
organelles
The anatomical term for the palm of the hand is ______.
palmar
The correct anatomical term for kneecap is
patellar
______ means "cellular eating."
phagocytosis
________ is known as "cellular drinking".
pinocytosis
The vertebral column is ______ to the heart.
posterior
muscle tissue
produces movement
Among the functions of human body cells are ______.
producing new cells making connections lining surfaces providing for defense
connective tissue
protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs
The amino acids dissolved in cytosol are used to synthesize new ______.
proteins
Membrane extensions used by a cell during phagocytosis are called ______.
pseudopodia
The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is ______.
pubic
Cell membranes can regulate the transport of materials into and out of the cell. Thus, cell membranes are said to be _______ permeable.
selectively
The liver contains abundant amounts of ______ to process digested nutrients and detoxify alcohol and drugs.
smooth ER
metablosim
sum of chemical reactions in cells
integumentary system
synthesizes vitamin D, prevents H2O loss
A group of muscles cells performing a common function would be called a(n) ______.
tissue
A group of muscles performing a common function would be called a:
tissue
In the human body, epithelium is exemplified a which structural level of organization?
tissue level
In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization?
tissue level
Organizations that of similar cells that perform specialized functions are:
tissues
True or false: The process of pinocytosis is nonspecific because all solutes dissolved in the droplet are taken into the cell.
true
True or false: Water molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer.
true
Which substance moves most easily across the phospholipid bilayer?
fatty acids
Osmosis is a type of diffusion in which the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is from a region of ______ water concentration to a region of ______ water concentration.
higher, lower
The plasma membrane allows certain substances to be transported into the cell by passive processes. These substances include ______.
ions
The ______ canal contains the spinal cord.
vertebral
If the inside of a cell has a net negative charge, which type of extracellular ion will be most attracted to the intracellular environment?
a positively charged ion
When viewed under a transmission electron microscope, the Golgi apparatus looks like _____.
a stack of flattened structures
In general, _____ molecules move across the plasma membrane readily, while _____ molecules need special transport systems to move them across the membrane.
smaller, larger
Because of the structure of the phospholipid bilayer, which molecules pass easily through it?
Lipid molecules
includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis
They play roles in growth, repair, and cellular maintenance. Each type of organelle has a specific function. They are generally located within cells.
anatomical position
feet together, palms forward
Melanin and protein crystals are examples of ______.
inclusions
regulation
increased blood circulation near limb surfaces as body temp rises
Growth and Development
increased specialization as related to form and function
The anatomical term describing the groin is
inguinal
Calcaneal is to heel as _____ is to sole of the foot.
plantar
Transport (shuttle) vesicles are produced within a cell by ______.
rough ER
The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is ______.
sacral
Materials tend to move more rapidly when their concentrations are _____ between two compartments.
significantly different
Proteins in the plasma membrane perform a variety of functions including ______.
transport intercellular connection enzyme activity cell to cell recognition
Which statements characterize cytosol?
It contains proteins and carbohydrates. It contains many dissolved solutes. It has a high water content. It is also called intracellular fluid.
Which statements characterize smooth ER?
It is continuous with rough ER. It stores lipids. It does not have ribosomes attached to it.
In osmosis and simple diffusion, the net movement of molecules will continue until the concentration gradient no longer exists. This end point is called
equilibrium
the _____ membrane is also called the cell membrane.
plasma
Endocytosis is _____ in reverse.
exocytosis
Examples of lipids include ______.
fats, oils, cholesterol, steroids
urinary system
filters the blood, concentrates waste products
Epithelial cells ______.
line internal surfaces of organs
What type of material passes readily through the cell membrane
lipid soluble materials
_____ are substances that are insoluble in water; examples include fats and oils.
lipids
organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions are:
tissues
The _____ forms the outer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment.
plasma membrane
The cell structure that functions as a 'gatekeeper' to regulate the passage of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the internal and external environments is the ______.
plasma membrane
The synthesis of steroid hormones occurs in the ______. rough ER
smooth ER
In diffusion, particles move until they are ______.
spread out evenly on each side of a membrane
The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is ______.
crural
What are the two categories of organelles?
membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound
different tissue types combine to form:
organs
The ___ level is the highest structural level of organization in the human body.
organsim
The simple diffusion of water is also called
osmosis
digestive system
responsible for nutrient absorption
four major passive transport processes
simple diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis bulk filtration
The tendency of molecules to move down their concentration gradient is ______.
diffusion
The characteristics of living things called ___ says that organisms produce gametes that can come together to develop into a new living organism.
reproduction