smartbook ch6

is a central focus of the child-centered kindergarten and is thought to be an essential component of early childhood education.

play

Which of the following was not effective in reducing child maltreatment?

mailing questionnaires that asked about household conditions

A schema guides an individual's general perceptions. A gender schema organizes the world in terms of

male or female

What characteristics do young children (age 3) often use in their self-descriptions?

material attributes physical attributes physical activities

What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people?

moral

Recent research indicates that the ______ of parents' work has more influence on the children's development rather than the fact that one parent works outside the home.

nature

Which of the following is a major milestone of early childhood?

the increased ability to understand emotion

Recent research has shown that play improves language and communication skills in which of the following ways?

through discussions regarding roles through social interactions that require practicing words and phrases through negotiations over rules by boosting literacy skills

By what age do most children know their sex (that is, the labeling of their biological or genetic makeup as female or male based on hormones, chromosomes, and internal and external genitalia)?

2

Psychological traits and emotional terms are first incorporated into a young child's self-description around the age of

4-5yrs

Children use unrealistic positive overestimations because of which of the following?

They have difficulty differentiating between their desired and actual competence. They compare their present abilities with what they could do at an earlier age. They rarely engage in social comparison.

One important parenting strategy involves addressing misbehavior by children

before it takes place

The contemporary perspective on types of play emphasizes both _blank and

cognitive; social

Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to children's moral development?

conversational dialogue relational quality proactive strategies

What type of thought did Vygotsky believe symbolic and make-believe play helped to advance?

creative

According to gender schema theory, gender typing occurs when a child

develops a concept of what is appropriate for males and females.

Girls are more likely to play in ______ than boys. Multiple choice question.

dyads and triads

In ______, children first start to distinguish between friends and nonfriends.

early childhood

For most young children, the label of _____ refers to someone with whom they play.

friend

Which description of "the only child" (an individual who has no siblings) is usually the most accurate, according to research?

has a desirable personality

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, 2 to 5-year olds should watch

no more than 1hr a day

Which of the following are among the positive influences that television viewing can have on children?

presenting motivating educational programs increasing information beyond one's immediate environment modeling prosocial behavior

Which of the following aspects of the parent-child relationship does not contribute to a child's moral development?

reactive strategies

In early childhood, self-understanding involves self-

recognition

If the stresses and disruptions in the family are ______ by the move to a divorced, single-parent family, divorce can be advantageous.

reduced

What are the behaviors that boys are likely to engage in when interacting in same-sex groups?

rough-and-tumble play conflict competition