SmartWorks Chapter 2 Questions

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Continental Crust

- Thick - Deep Moho - Sits higher in the asthenosphere

Up to what elevation can you live without needing supplemental oxygen?

5.5 km

At 100km/hr, how long would it take to travel through the (thickest) oceanic crust?

6 Mins

Located between Mars and Jupiter

Asteroid Belt

What percentage of the Earth's radius does the thickness of the lithosphere represent?

no more than 1%

Which layer is responsible for the magnetic field?

outer core

At 100 km/hr, how long would it take to travel through the continental crust?

42 Mins

Gaseous trail is a characteristic of what?

Comet

Closest vs Farthest from Sun: - Neptune - Mercury - Asteroid Belt - Jupiter - Oort Cloud - Earth

**Closest - Mercury - Earth - Asteroid Belt - Jupiter - Neptune - Oort Cloud **Farthest

Earth's Layers Highest to Lowest Density

**Highest - Inner core - Outer core - Mantle - Crust **Lowest

People once thought that Earth's interior contained open spaces. What observations showed that such spaces don't exist, that the interior is mostly solid, and that very dense material is concentrated in the core?

- Density studies - Tidal behavior - Earth's shape

Both Oceanic and Continental Crust

- Igneous Rocks - Sedimentary Rocks on top

Comets

- Made of ice and rock - Can orbit along a plane other than the ecliptic plane - Formed in the Kuiper Belt

Both Asteroids and Comets

- Part of Solar System - Orbit the Sun - Irregular shapes - Collided with Earth

Asteroids

- Reside between Mars and Jupiter - Made of rock and metal - Orbit only along the ecliptic plane

Oceanic Crust

- Shallow Moho - Thin - Higher density

The highest point on Earth is _____ km above sea level, and the lowest point on Earth is _____ km below sea level.

1. 8.85 2. 10.9

A rock that forms from molten material is called _________ whereas a rock that forms from a preexisting rock and undergoes changes in heat and pressure is called ________.

1. Igneous 2. Metamorphic

At 100km/hr, how long would it take to travel through the mantle?

28.9 hours

At 100 km/h (62 mph), how long would it take to drive a distance equal to the thickness of the breathable atmosphere?

3.3 Mins

What percentage of the lithosphere is continental, and what percentage is oceanic?

30% continental, 70% oceanic

What best describes a meteorite?

A piece of material that landed on Earth from space composed of rock, iron, or a combination of the two

What visible evidence illustrates the interaction between Earth's magnetic field and solar wind?

Aurora Borealis

What does the solar wind consist of?

Dangerous radiation

How do scientists study meteorites to better understand Earth? What assumptions are made?

Iron meteorites probably have the same composition as Earth's core.

Where Pluto and Eris are located

Kuiper Belt

Lithosphere vs. Asthenosphere

Litho - Outermost layer + Relatively rigid Astheno - Higher density + Relatively soft (plastic)

The layer of icy objects and leftover material from the nebulae that surround the Sun

Oort Cloud

Mafic vs Felsic

Mafic - Low silica + gabbro + denser Felsic - Granite + high silica + less dense

Terrestrial Planets Characteristics

Mercury - Closest to Sun + Heavily cratered Venus - Closest in size to Earth + Has clouds obscuring the surface Earth - Has large moon + Atmosphere nearly transparent Mars - Farthest from Sun + Red Planet

How can glass be distinguished from a mineral?

Minerals have a crystal form; glass does not because its atoms are not arranged in an orderly manner.

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by which of the following layers?

Outer core

Which terrestrial planet has a similar atmosphere to Earth's?

None

How do sediments differ from melts?

Sediments are loose, unconsolidated grains; melts are liquids that were derived from solids.

How does Earth's inner core differ from its outer core?

The inner core is solid; the outer core is liquid.

How does the lithosphere differ from the asthenosphere?

The lithosphere is rigid; the asthenosphere is plastic.

How do Earth's magnetic poles differ from the geographic poles?

The magnetic poles represent the axis of Earth's magnetic field; the geographic poles are where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the surface.

What happens when seismic waves travel into denser material?

They speed up

What is between objects in space?

Vacuum

A material that can exist as a gas on the Earth's surface is called

Volatile

In which of Earth's layers does convection occur?

asthenosphere

Describe the habitable zone.

the distance from the Sun where temperatures range between 0°C (freezing) to 100°C (boiling)

What are seismic waves?

waves of energy produced by earthquakes


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