soc test 3&4

Which of the following people would experience the greatest amount of culture shock?

A famous and wealthy actor who is convicted of tax evasion and sent to prison

How is a counterculture different from a subculture?

Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

Recent research by marine biologists suggests that bottlenose dolphins have names for themselves. Scientists played sounds they had identified as the names of particular dolphins by putting them through a synthesizer so that they did not sound like the voices of particular dolphins. The researchers found that dolphins would respond to the names of other dolphins to which they were related or with which they were associated, but they ignored the names of strangers. This discovery suggests a much greater degree of self-awareness in aquatic mammals than was previously suspected. What does this research suggest about dolphins, if accurate?

Dolphins have a sense of self and identification similar to humans.

According to George Herbert Mead, children develop as social beings by imitating the actions of those around them. Which example would he most likely use to elaborate this point?

Jamel, playing on the playground with friends

___________ are norms that are widely adhered to and often considered morally significant. If violated, punishment is often severe.

Mores

Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original work on emotional labor?

Race

Which of the following ideas describes the idea that the language we are exposed to structures our thought, shapes our consciousness, and impacts how we think?

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

According to the Taboo Series video After Death, the ritual the Taiwanese engage in by digging up graves to properly clean the remains of the dead, and is taught to each new generation, is referred to as the

Second Burial

A research study examined how teachers at a community college handled retirement. The study found that the unique culture of such institutions had a significant effect on how retirees coped with their new situation and life after work. Which of the following would be the best titled of a research paper to highlight this study and the experiences of the retirees?

The Role Exit Process of Community Colleage Faculty: A Study of Faculty Retirement

According to the Taboo series video After Death, embalming the dead is a practice that is currently taught and socialized to be acceptable in _______________, but can also be dated back to ancient ________________ civilization.

The West; Egyptian

Which of the following is the best definition of culture?

The beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that, when taken together, form an entire way of life for a group of people or society

Janine is visiting her boyfriend's family in China. During a conversation, she points to him with her index finger, which his family doesn't seem to like. Later, her boyfriend explains that she should point with an open hand instead of using a finger. Why was his advice to Jill necessary?

The meaning of gestures in not universal across different cultures or societies

Which of the following is the best definition of socialization?

The processes by which we develop, learn, and internalize an awareness of social norms, beliefs, values, and expected behaviors of our social group.

What is a norm?

The rules and expectations of behavior within a particular culture

According to the Taboo Series video After Death, the western tradition of embalming the deceased is actually rare and not very common in most of the world.

True

Social scientists and geneticists who study the source of human behavior prefer to use twin studies as an ideal test case to show how not only genetics, but how one's social environment can impact socialization

True

Which theorist argued that if people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences?

W. I. Thomas

A subculture is defined as

a cultural group within a larger society that hold values, norms, and a lifestyle that are distinct from the mainstream.

A person's ___________________ status is earned via an individual's voluntary efforts, whereas a person's __________________ status is assigned at birth or assigned involuntarily.

achieved; ascribed

Social groups, institutions, and individuals that provide structured situations in which socialization takes place are known as

agents of socialization.

Lacrosse players may use a set of specialized terms like crease, rake, and clamp to describe plays and movements during a game. What term describes this in-group language?

argot

A group of survivalists who encourage their members to convert all of their money to gold, to buy large stocks of food, and relocated their families to live in the wilds of Wyoming away from all other individuals and the typical American way of life fit the framework of a

counter culture

The French social theorist Jean-Francois Lyotard described contemporary culture in this way: "One listens to reggae, watches a Western, eats McDonald's food for lunch and local cuisine for dinner, wears Paris perfume in Tokyo and 'retro' clothes in Hong Kong." He was writing about postmodernism, but what concept best explains this mixture of activities?

cultural diffusion

Consider the coffee company Starbucks. This company was started in Seattle, Washington and was once primarily only located on the West Coast of the U.S. But then Starbucks started opening stores in the Mid-West, East Coast, and South. It also has opened stores in many countries around the world and is considered a global brand now. This is an example of

cultural diffusion.

the lack of baby changing tables available in men's restrooms - despite the fact that many men are the primary caregivers of children, is an example of

cultural lag

When Marcus took a world tour, he had lunch at KFC in Cairo, ate dinner at the Hard Rock Cafe in Hong Kong, purchased clothes at Macy's in London, and was entertained at a Disney show in Paris. This homogenization of cultures around the world is called

cultural leveling

If you travel overseas to study families in other cultures, you may be surprised to find that in some places parents arrange the marriage of their children, even if their children to you seem too young (often young teenagers). Understanding the practices in another society are not necessarily right or wrong, but rather simply different compared to your own society is called what?

cultural relativism

During my first few years as a faculty member, I traveled on a study abroad trip to Morocco. I speak no Arabic and had never traveled to North Africa before. While there, I found myself surrounded by another language that I did not understand, people who looked and acted differently, and every social interaction took a lot of work. What term describes the sense of unease that I felt?

culture shock

A famous monologue from Shakespeare's As You Like It begins as follows: "All the world's a stage,And all the men and women merely players;They have their exits and their entrances,And one man in his time plays many parts." Which theory of social life could be seen as taking its inspiration from these lines?

dramaturgy

Sigmond Freud once said that the id was like a wild horse and that the ________ was like a rider astride the horse struggling to keep it under control.

ego

Imagine a Peace Corps volunteer who is dispatched to West Africa to help train school teachers. After working in West Africa for two weeks, he resigns and flies home stating that the food was terrible, the houses were too small, and the people there behaved too strangely. A sociologist would describe his viewpoints as being to

ethnocentric.

According your textbook, which agent of socialization is typically understood to be the single most important agent of socialization?

family

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans tend to wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

hegemony

All cultures have some system for communication. When written symbols, sounds, and gestures are joined together in an organized system to represent objects and abstract thought and to allow more complex communication to occur, it is a(n)

language

The content of a culture that is made up of the physical objects and things available to its people, like housing, food, clothing, and shelter are called what?

material culture

Norms can vary greatly by importance in a society. What are the two sub-types of norms?

mores and folkways

Several cases of children who grew up in extreme social isolation, such as the case of Genie in 1970, suggest that

most of our mental capacities, and perhaps even the ability to think, are learned through social interaction.

In the video from lecture demonstrating what life was like on roads in India, honking a car horn was a cultural symbol that varied from our own in the United States. In that video, what did honking a horn represent as a symbol?

notifying other drivers that they were passing

According to Mead's theory of child development, a child who plays by dressing up like a police officer and walks around writing tickets for violations is acting out what developmental stage?

play stage

Someone who is newly divorced after a long marriage and now wants to start dating again may find that many of the norms of dating have changed. Behaviors like splitting the dinner bill or even having sensitive discussions like talking about safe sex may be new for this person. The process of having to learn and adjust to the new rules of dating is an example of

resocialization.

Routine behavior that affirms your belonging to a particular culture and helps to establish a sense of community, such as the celebration of Passover by Jewish people around the world, is considered to be an example of a what?

ritual

in 1998, Former NFL linebacker Chris Spielman was forced to choose between staying with his sick wife or playing professional football. What sort of phenomenon was he experiencing?

role conflict

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. One the one hand, it's his job to try to win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players. On the other hand, his contract also requires him to try to allow every member of the team to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is the result of

role strain.

Imagine you are driving down the street to find that the State's Department of Transportation crew has installed a stop sign upside down. Fortunately, you don't panic because you recognize the sign and its meaning even though it is upside down because it is a cultural

symbol

Which of the following sequences lists norms in the correct order, from the most strictly enforced to the least?

taboos, mores, folkways

Celine likes to pretend she is a mechanic. She uses her father's screwdriver to repair her toy cars. George Herbert Mead would say she is

taking on the role of the other.

The nature vs. nurture debate helps us understand

the complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning.

When an aerobics instructor looks around the room and sees that his class is not putting much energy into the class, he receives personal feedback that he is not very good at his job. Sociologists have found this feedback changes a person's self-concept through a process that Cooley called

the looking glass self.

Julian is a child who consistently earns mediocre grades and is often picked last for team games. He likes to make silly jokes and play pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does so. He starts to believe that others are laughing with him, not at him. Charles Cooley would say this development is part of

the looking-glass self.

According to the Taiwanese in the video After Death, what are the consequences that people are taught to occur if they do not appease their dead ancestors by presenting them with food, money, and other gifts?

their ancestor's spirits will be continually restless and actively haunt the living descendants