SOCI 1101 Test 4
Universalism is the concept that _____________.
"everybody has the same chance of getting what they want out of life", "you get what you pay for", "anyone can be anything"
Particularism is the concept that _____________.
"some people are in a better place to do something than others", "only certain people can be certain things"
The most significant historical event contributing to the development of the modern discipline of sociology is the ___________________.
Industrial Revolution
Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old?
Medicare
Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?
National Football League
Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of ________________.
a contested illness
Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?
a group of people interested in hearing an author speak
Sociologists associate sexuality with _______________.
a person's capacity for sexual feelings
Ascribed refers to _____________.
a status you are given in life, for example, "You are a Native American."
Achieved refers to ______________.
a status you earn in life, for example, "You are now a medical professional."
According to emergent-norms theory, crowds are __________________.
able to develop their own definition of the situation
The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for ________________.
access to education
Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of ____________.
all of the above
Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of ________________.
all of the above
The protestors at the Egypt uprising rally were ______________.
an acting crowd
What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States?
anxiety disorders
Which activity would typify formal education?
attending classes, completing assignments, and following the schedule set by the school
Which of the following statements is not true?
blacks have lower cancer rates than whites
Which materials would be considered secondary data?
books and articles written by other authors about their studies
Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of ___________.
both B and C
The class, race, and gender inequalities of the healthcare system support the ______________ perspective.
conflict
Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
conflict theory
Experiences with inequality influence stress hormones called _______________.
cortisol
The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture?
counterculture
Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?
courtship
Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of _______________.
cultural transmission
The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of ________________.
demedicalization
Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?
deviance is socially defined
The university push for larger class sizes is an example of the McDonaldization prospect referred to as _________.
efficiency
Even though Britain has healthcare ____________, it hasn't reduced social class ____________.
equality, disparities
Core nations are also known as _______________.
high-income nations
What does a functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the Occupy Wall Street Movement?
how the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension
In the blood pressure study, ____________ was a moderator.
income
Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles?
infancy
High SES is correlated to _________ obesity, depression, and chronic conditions.
less
More education is correlated with _______________ death rates.
lower
People with a high SES have ______________ death rate.
lower
The process by which aspects of life that were once considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called _____________.
medicalization
China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies:
modernization
Children of divorced parents are ________ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married.
more likely
Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?
neglect
Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to _______________.
obesity
Education is correlated with _________________.
onset
The United States has the highest rate of obesity and research shows that high-income countries tend to have high obesity rates. What is one reason a social epidemiologist would give for this?
people in high-income countries tend to live a sedentary lifestyle which leads to obesity
Public schools must guarantee that _____________.
per-student spending is equitable
If we have a ______________, that doesn't necessarily mean we have a __________________.
period effect, cohort effect
According to the World Health Organization, what was the leading cause of death for children under five in low income countries?
pneumonia and diarrheal diseases
When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?
population growth
A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of _______________.
precipitating factors
If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ______________.
prognostic framing
Income is correlated with ________________.
progression
Plessy v. Fergusson set the precedent that _____________.
racial segregation in schools was allowed
Informal education _______________.
refers to the learning of cultural norms
What does the individual mandate of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do?
requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty
If we divide social movements according to their position among all social movements in society, we are using the ________________ theory to understand social movements.
resource mobilization
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?
resources and money
Education as the great equalizer is too ___________ and is ____________.
simple, not true
While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights organizations of PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a _________________.
social movement industry
Societies practice social control to maintain ______________.
social order
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of _____________.
social placement
Allowing a student to move on to the next grade regardless of whether they have met the requirements is called ________________.
social promotion
Great Britain's healthcare system is an example of ____________.
socialized medicine
Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized?
society
What is the most important factor in predicting many sociological determinants (i.e., life expectancy, disease rates, etc.)?
socioeconomic status (SES)
Which factor trumps gender, race, and ethnicity?
socioeconomic status (SES)
Key predictors of student success include __________________.
socioeconomic status and family background
What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
sorting
The high unemployment rate among the disabled may be a result of _____________.
stigmatization
Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
symbolic interactionism
Which program is an example of socialized medicine?
the United States' Veterans Health Administration
What group created the Millennium Development Goals?
the World Health Organization
Social movements are __________________.
the collective action of individuals working together to establish a new set of norms, beliefs, or values
Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access of the Internet, while children core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of ________________.
the digital divide
In addition to social movements, societal change is caused by technology, social institutions, population, and _______________.
the environment
How would the medicalization of society influence the way someone who feels sad after the loss of a loved one is treated?
the individual would be treated as having a medical disease and would be treated with anti-depressants rather than counseling
Which of the following is NOT part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?
the sick person can take as long as they want to get better
The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of _______________.
the social construction of health
What is social epidemiology?
the study of the causes and distribution of diseases
What would social epidemiology tell a sociologist about healthcare needs that must be addressed in the US?
there is a disparity in minority and lower income child health
How would a researcher study medical sociology based on the conflict theory?
they might look at the lack of quality healthcare access for lower paid workers
What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?
they recruit top teachers
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
they reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge of upper-class culture
What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?
tracking
When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame ______, which means completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance.
transformation
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________________.
transmission of moral education
Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what?
what motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement